英语阅读理解——主旨大意-大集合


    
    2011届英语阅读理解专练
    旨意题
    A设题方式
    ①考查文章中心思想
    The main ideakey point of this passage is that_____
    The passage is mainly about __
      From the passage we can learnconclude that_________
    Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
    ②考查文章标题选择
      The best titleheadline for this passage is_________
    Which of the following is the best title
    What would be the best title for the text
      The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________
    ③考查作者写作态度意图
      What is the author’s main purpose in this passage
      The writer’s purpose in writing this story is____
    In the passage the author wants to tell___
    The writer’s attitude toward is___

    B干扰项特点
    ① 偏概全干扰项阐述文章部分容文章局部信息
    ② 断章取义干扰项常常文章中信息字眼作选项设置容者次事实细节充全文观点
    ③ 题扩干扰项纳概括范围超文章实际讨容
    ④ 张冠李戴命题者意属A特征放B身构成干扰项考生注意情况会造成错选答案
    ⑤ 中生似非干扰项中关键词语文章中谈认真分析会发现类干扰项容文章容毫联系

    C解题指导
    1分清次抓住干找出题句
    题句纳表达文章中心思想句子出现四种情况
    1)题句开头。题句出现段落文章开头部分起着开宗明义、点明题作读者开始明白文章讲容旨。支撑句具体物数字具体步骤阐述证题常伴 for example\ ie \that is \first\ second \ finally \once \another time \for one thing 等词
    2)题句结尾。纳法写文章结构表述细节句子放前面概述性句子放面结尾结尾句子起着总结纳、画龙点睛作伴so \therefore\thus \in short\ as a result\that is why 等词
    3)考生快速浏览段首尾两句确定段题句确定文章题句
    考例分析1Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it It is not the amazing complexity of television Nor the impressive technology of transport The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle(奇迹)it is
    75 This passage is mainly about_________ (2010·江西卷·E 节选文章第段)
    A the development of body language
    B the special role humans play in nature
    C the power to convey information to others
    D the difference between humans and animals in language use
    考例分析2My few minutes with Mr Galbreath changed my life Now I try to treat everyone with respect no matter who I think they are and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity
    59 What is the message mainly expressed in the story (2010年重庆卷A篇节选文章段)
    A We should learn to be generous
    B It is honorable to help those in need
    C People in high positions are not like what we expect
    D We should avoid judging people by their appearances
    考例分析3We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time Without mental focus we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in so it never makes it into our memory stores That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s nameseven sometimes right after they have introduced themselves Multitasking can also affect our relationships If someone checks their email while on the phone with a friend they may come off as absentminded or disinterested It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them
    52 What is the main idea of the passage (2010年浙江卷C篇节选文章段)
    A Multitasking has become a way of life
    B Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline
    C Multitasking exercises need to be improved
    D Multitasking enables people to remember things better
    4)值注意文章段落明显题句暗示性体现题。求考生阅读程中根文章中叙述事实提供线索概括总结文章意。
    2理清层次关系选出佳标题
    标题文章中心思想精练表达名词词组短明函盖性强。做类题目时阅读全文基础握层次关系注意选项纳范围恰分干扰项局部信息某节文章里某句解题时反复推敲概括范围窄宽选项滤掉
    考例分析4When you’re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away Hey stop This is no vacationyou have to finish something
    49 What would be the best title for the text (2010年全国卷II B篇节选文章第段)
    A.Adventures in Travel Writing B.Working as a Food Critic
    C.Travel Guides on the Market D.Vacationing for a Living
    考例分析5Too much TVwatching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children
    67 What would be the best title for this text (2010年辽宁卷C篇节选文章第段)
    A Computers or Television
    B Effects of Television on Children
    C Studies on TV and College Education
    D Television and Children's Learning Habits
    考例分析6To err is human To blame the other guy is even more human
    Common sense is not all that common
    Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse
    These three popular misquotes(戏谑引语)are meant to be jokes and yet they tell us a lot about human nature To err or to make mistakes is indeed a part of being human but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem Perhaps it is the natural thing to do The original quote about human nature went like this To err is human to forgive divine(神圣) This saying mirrors an ideal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes Instead we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to However taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity
    55 What would be the best title for his passage (2010年天津卷D篇节选文章第部分)
    A A Mirror of Human Nature B To Blame or to Forgive
    C A Mark of Maturity D Truth or Excuse
    3抓住关键词判断作者意图
      作者描述事实传递信息时意图什观点态度避免文章中反映出。常见涉作者态度词褒义类词(approving positive optimistic等)贬义类词(critical pessimistic doubtful questioning)中性类词(indifferent serious objective concerned neutral)求考生阅读时应特注意文章措辞尤注意表达感情色彩形容词improving encouraging disappointing fail ignore等作者物语言、行思想描写中领悟作者写作意图态度。
    考例分析7The world of makebelieve is not necessarily bad But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet(出路) for our sense of wonder then we are really missing something We are missing a connection with the living world Other wonderful worlds exist all around us But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough we can see that these worlds in a broad sense are really part of our own (2010年重庆卷E篇节选文章第段)
    75 What is the main purpose of the passage
    A To show us the hidden beauty in our world
    B To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world
    C To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder
    D To discuss the influence of the world of makebelieve
    4结:总旨意类题然综合性强考生力求较高掌握定解题技巧读懂读透文章基础仔细四备选项间涵外延间差异定准确找出正确答案

    高考阅读理解中题概括类试题考查占十分重位置掌握读材料旨意英语课程标准考试说明考生基求通阅读掌握文章题正确理解文章进根文章事实细节推测作者态度观点
    旨意题考查学生握全文题理解中心思想力根年备考高考实践类题目考察范围:基点文章标题题段落意等求考生理解全文基础较运概括判断纳推理等逻辑思维方法文章进行高度概括总结属高层次题
    选择题旨考查考生否掌握读文章容旨通常词短语句子概括常见提问方式:
    1 What is the main general idea of this text
    2 What is mainly discussed in this passage
    3 What is the text mainly about
    4 This text mainly tells us ________
    5 This passage mainly deals with _________
    6 The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________
    选择标题考生读文章选择合适标题通常标题名词名词短语充词简短精练常见提问方式:
    1 What would be the best title for the text
    2 Which of the following is the best most suitable title for this text
    3 The best most suitable title for this text would be ________
    4 The topic of this passage is _________
    选择题选择标题实质求考生整体理解语篇容找出贯穿语篇线种体裁文章总围绕题展开试题设计3干扰项容般文章里少涉非容需注意甄
    面具体分析类题目解题技巧:
    段落文章整体题意理解
    解类试题应根步骤掌握类题解题技巧:
    1 寻找题句确定文章题
    许情况尤阅读说明文议文时根篇章特点通寻找短文题句纳出文章题题句文章中位置通常三种情况:开头中间结尾(含开头结尾时出现首尾呼应题句)仔细阅读类文章段落首尾句关键做题概括类试题采浏览法 (skimming)般需逐句阅读需选读文章首段尾段段首句尾句重点搜索题线索题信息题句呈现形式:
    1)文首开门见山提出题细节解释支持发展题句表达题思想演绎法写作方式:
      Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines say UK researchers
    Their study found that theobromine found in cocoa was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine which was considered the best cough medicine at present
    The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment While coughing is not necessarily harmful (害) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem said Professor Peter Barnes
    Ten healthy volunteers (志愿者) were given theobromine codeine or placebo a pill that contains no medicine during the experiment Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine is stopping coughs
    The team found that when the volunteers were given theobromine the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo
    The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity (神活动) which causes coughing They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness
    (2008 全国卷II D篇)

    a Which of the following would be the best title for the text
    A Codeine A New Medicine B Chocolate May Cure Coughs
    C Cough Treatment A Hard Case B Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
    2) 文尾纳点提出建议概括题纳法写作方式:
    A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate compared with that of a wild animal but it is actually surprisingly strong In deed its very softness and looseness is an advantage it makes a man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size because he can do so many different things with his limbs Man’s games show how he can control his own body No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man none has such varied grace very few live as long as he none is so strong in itsnatural resistance to disease Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him
    3)文中通常前面提出问题文中题陈述细节合逻辑引申文中导出作进步解释支持发展:
    Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark In fact the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out
    4)首尾呼应突出题作者先提出题 结尾时次点出题种首尾呼应写作方式较见前表述题句子简单重复面表述进步引申发展意味:
    (首段)Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakesIt was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career She said…
    (尾段)The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes Shu said
    5) 题句题句隐含全文中没明确题句必须根文中提供事实细节进行全面考虑综合分析然找出东西纳成般概念必须注意偏概全概括时宽泛恰分:
    b Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors Harvard Law School and later Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami Florida
    b What is the main idea of the passage
    A How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer B Bingham is a diligent student
    C Joshua Bingham received an excellent education
    D A good lawyer needs good education
    题句呈现常见形式外注意标志词文章段落题句常常会出现标志性提示:on the whole as a resultin shortthereforethus… I agree with the opinion that… Given all these points above I would support the idea that… For all the reasons mentioned above I would prefer
    2 抓住文章段落意概括中心思想
    寻找整篇文章中心思想建立寻找具体段落中心基础段落中心句整体纳便文章中心思想程中考生言片语光文章某段落应观察全文结构安排理解文章浓墨重笔写重心考虑文章组织材料支持性细节服务什分析事发展结局围绕什容表达简明扼文字文章中心思想表达出:
    There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power
    First the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station Although the power stations themselves are strongly built the containers us for the transport of the materials are not Normally only two methods of transport are in use namely road or rail Unfortunately both of these may have an effect on the general public since they are sure to pass near or even through heavily populated areas
    Second there is the problem of waste All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented For example they may be buried under the ground or dropped into deserted mines or sunk in the sea However these methods do not solve the problem since an earthquake could easily break the containers
    Third there may occur the danger of a leak (泄漏) or an explosion at the power station As with the other two dangers this is not very likely so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program However it can happen
    Separately these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry Taken together though the probability of disaster is extremely high
    c What is the passage about
    A Uses of nuclear power B Dangers from nuclear power
    C Public anger at nuclear power D Accidents caused by nuclear power
    3 抓住文章线关键词语纳文章中心
    段落题句时题句暗含句中阅读样文章需根文章细节分析概括出段落题推导出文章旨方法:先弄清该段落讲方面容容逻辑什联系然加纳形成题:
    The Queen’s English is now sounding less upperclass a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has found Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received
    Jonathan Harrington a professor at Germany’s University of Munich wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person As far as I know there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records he said
    He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upperclass accent over the past years Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago But these are very very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year
    We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes he told The Daily Telegraph a British newspaper In 1952 she would have been heard saying thet men in the bleck het’ Now it would be that man in the black hat’ And hame’ rather than home’ In the 1950s she would have been lorst’ but by the 1970s lost’
    The Queen’s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries Each Christmas the 10minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch(传统火鸡午餐)
    The results were published (发表) in the Journal of Phonetics
    (2008全国卷II B篇)
    d What is the text mainly about
    A The relationship between accents and social classes
    B The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV
    C The changes in a person’s accent
    D The recent development of the English language

    二 文章标题选择拟定
    1 阅读原文基础仔细考虑句话短语文章题否密切联系
    2 文章概括性覆盖面
    3 注意题目
    4 避免列三种错误:①概括够(表现部分代整体导致范围太)②度概括(表现扩范围)③事实细节代抽象概括意
    恰选标题需解标题基拟定方式般说标题拟定方式:话题核心控制性概念词定语法浓缩概括题句句意中心思想词组
    某文章中心句子:Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world
    话题:Coffee
    控制性概念:is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world
    标题:Coffee Around the World
    例:2008年高考英语山东卷B篇
    Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones
    Text messages have been popular in recent years particularly among young people The wireless industry’s trade association CTIA estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month
    The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies
    The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves andtheir families before and during disasters and other emergencies FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan
    Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary but it has received support from the wireless industry
    The program would be optional for cell phone users They also may not be charged for receiving alerts
    There would be three different types of messages according to the rules
    The first would be a national alert from the president likely involving a natural disaster The second would involve approaching threats which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings The third would be for child abduction (绑架) emergencies or socalled Amber Alerts
    The service could be in place by 2010
    e Which of the following would be the best title for the text
    A Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
    B Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry
    C Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
    D Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon



    a 答案:B文开篇道明题:巧克力中某种成分治疗咳嗽文始终围绕题展开说明
    b [分析]文没题句全篇四句陈述四细节性事实答案身读者细节(details)综合起进行逻辑推理构成没言明题思想(unstated main idea)文中涉Joshua Bingham接受教育情况作者想告诉:Joshua Bingham接受良教育答案C
    c 题分析:第段There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power 文章题句接着三方面述题:First…Second…Third… 段首第句分段题句层次分明结构清晰段进步纳全文意:Dangers from nuclear power答案B
    d 答案:C文章第段提1952年研究者测试The Queen’s English口音变化接文章第二段说种测试全面性客观性第三段第四段举例说明种口音变化特点难分析出文章针口音半世纪前变化分析写C恰
    e 答案:D旨意题第段开门见山提出创建全国性短信警报系统段重申题种新系统未进行展准确标题DA项错protecting studentsB项错by wireless industryC项错National Disasters

    Reading comprehensionMain idea
    1 The easy way out isn’t always easiest I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug my husband of one month to a special meal I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread Knowing the bread would take tine I started on it as soon as Doug left for work As I was not experienced in cooking I thought if a dozen was good two dozen would be better so I doubled everything As Doug loved oranges I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks Realizing I had been defeated I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work I went on preparing the rest if the meal and when Doug got home we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed Twice he got up and went out side saying he thought he heard a noise The third time he left I went to the window to see what he was doing Looking out I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container When I came out of the house he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin Picking up the stick again he held the lid up enough for me to see I felt cold But I stepped close and looked harder Without doubt it was my work The hot sun had caused the sough to dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as thought it were breathing It looked like some unknown being from outer space I could see why Doug was shaken I had to admit what the living thing was and why it was there I don’t know who was more embarrassed (尴尬) by the whole thing –Doug or me
    The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ___________
    a to tell an interesting experience
    b To show the easiest way out of a difficulty
    c To describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
    d To explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books

    2 Decision thinking is not unlike poker it of ten matters not only what you think but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think The mental process () is similar Naturally this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are by any standards good thinkers
    The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory In particular he showed that all games of perfect information games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks they don’t win by chance but by means of logic and skills Then there are games of imperfect information like poker in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another
    One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information Quit the reverse Business politics life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors () which would even puzzle() best poker players But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess not poker
    The subject discussed in this text is _____
    a the process of reaching decision b the difference between poker and chess
    c the secret of making good business plans d the value of information in winning games
    3 Most people feel lonely sometimes but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours This kind of loneliness is not serious In fact it is quite normal For some people though loneliness can last for years Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness
    The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时) This is the most common type It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention The second kind situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation—for example a family problem the death of a loves one or moving to a new place Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems such as headaches and sleeplessness it usually does not last for more than a year
    The third kind of loneliness is the most severe Unlike the second type chronic(长期) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others Unfortunately many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition
    Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts eg friends family members coworkers etc We depend on various people for different reasons For instance our families give us emotional support our parents share similar interests and activities However psychologists have found that though lonely people may have many social contacts they sometimes feel they should have more They question their own popularity
    Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal healthy part of life chronic loneliness can be a very sad and sometimes dangerous condition
    1 The topic of the 4th paragraph is that _________
    one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts
    we depend on various people for different reasons
    lonely people don’t have many social problems
    lonely people don’t have many friends
    2 What is the best title for the passage
    a Three Kinds of Loneliness b Loneliness and Diseases
    c Loneliness and Social Contacts d Chronic Loneliness

    4.Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute (垃圾道) You won’t be for long Miami’s Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and cycle too
    In Shantzis’ HiRise Recycling system a chute leads to a pipshaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated The system which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use enables glass plastics paper metal and other rubbish to go into separate boxes
    The system is controlled from a board foxed next to the chute door The board has a button for each class of recycling materials () At the press of a button a microcomputer locks all other floors’ chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables
    Sorting(分类) recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive so expensive that tones of recyclables remain wasted Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more costeffective (NMET 2000 年 E)

    The purpose in writing this text is _________
    A to encourage people to recycle their rubbish
    B to introduce a recycling system for high rises
    C to describe the use of computer technology in recycling
    D to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rise

    5 Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment() friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem One result is that millions of tons of glass paper plastics and these are difficult to get rid of
    However today more and more consumers are choosing green and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment Before they buy a product they ask questions like these Will this shampoo damage the environment Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once
    A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it this means that companies must now changed the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are green that is friendly to the environment
    Only a few years ago it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets but now there are hundreds Some supermarket products carry labels (标签) to show that the product is green Some companies have made the manufacturing (生产) of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising
    The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business No longer will the pubic accept the old attitude of buy it use it throw it away and forget it The public pressure is on and gradually business is cleaning up its act
    NMET2001 C

    What would be the best title for the text
    a Business and People b Business Goes Green
    c Shopping Habits Are Changing d Supermarkets and Green Products

    6 If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language you will get answers like Shakespeare Samuel Johnson and Webster but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English William the Conqueror
    Before 1066 in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups In the westcentral region lived the Welsh who spoke a Celtic language and in the north lived the Scots whose language though not the same as Welsh was also Celtic In the rest of the country lived the Saxons actually a mixture of Anglos Saxons and other Germanic and Nordic peoples who spoke what we now call AngloSaxon (or Old English ) a Germanic language If this state of affairs had lasted English today would be close to German
    But this state of affairs did not last In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England For about a century French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants As a result English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German In some cases modern English even shows a distinction () between upperclass French and lowerclass AngloSaxon in its words We even have different words for some foods meat in particular depending on whether it is still out in the field or at ready to be cooked which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming while the upperclass Normans were doing most of the eating
    When Americans visit Europe for the first time they usually find Germany more foreign than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition NMET2001 D
    What is the subject discussed in the text
    a The history of Great Britain b The similarity between English and French
    c The rule of England by William the conqueror d The French influences on the English language

    7 Britain’s oldest man made his first visit to London yesterday at the age of 110 Mr John Evans had never found the time or the money to make the trip from his home near Swansea But when British Rail offered him an allexpensespaid birthday trip to the capital he just could not refuse
    Until yesterday he had never been far from home except for one trip to Aberdeen MrEvens who spent 60 years working as a miner in South Wales almost made the journey to London once before at the turn of the century There was a trip to the White city but it was ten shillings (1shilling 120 pound ) return from Swanseatoo much I thought All my money went to the family then he said
    During the nest two days Mr Evens will be taken on a whistlestop tour of London to see the sights Top of his list is a visit to the Houses of Parliament()
    The only arrangement he does not care for is the wheelchair provided to move him about if he gets tired I don’t like the chair businesspeople will so think I am getting old he said
    Hi secret for a long and healthy life has been well publicized—no alcohol no cigarette and no anger Before setting off from Swansea with his 76yearold son Amwel he quipped I’m glad to see they’ve given me a return ticket 2003shanfhai C

    What might be the best title for this passage
    a 100yearold Tourist b Secret for Long and healthy life
    c Free Return Ticket d Sightseeing in London

    8 BEING –set of by the April 1 Sinous plane collision(相撞) and US official agreement of the biggest arms sale to Taiwan in decade (ten years) as well as remarks by US president Bush on Defending Taiwan there have been increasing hacker attacks on websites of the two countries in the past weeks
    An American group of hackers (黑客) which calls itself Poison Box had begun ruining Chinese websites after the April1 spy plane incident top Chinese portal sinacom said
    The Chinese soon attacked back
    On April 2 Chinese hackers invaded two Government websites over the weekend forcing the Department of labor and the Department of the Health and Human Services to shut down their sites for a short time
    The US Department of labor went off line for a few hours after a page in its website was changed to display a picture of Wang Wei the Chinese pilot who died in the collision
    The page was titled China back and read in English the whole country is so sorry for losing the best son of China Wang Wei forever We will miss the end of the day
    On May1 hackers exchanged bad remarks (脏话) in which the official White House website was defaced (毁容) by a huge amount of email garbage On May5 the White House website fell victim (受害者) to a denial (拒绝) of serviced attack that blocked access (通道) to the site for more than two hours
    The Computer Network and Information Security Management Office told web operators an average of 100 sites a day had seen some more form of attack
    The best title of the passage is _____
    a SinoUS plane collision b SinoUS Hackers Fighting Cyber () war
    c Cyber war continuing d Wang wei our best son

    9 There were two interesting news items () in the paper a few years ago One was about a man who received a bill from the telephone company for £999999—for three month The other was about a man who received £2000 a month for doing nothing
    The connection between the two news items is simple computer – the best invention of the 20th century The telephone bill came from a computer which made a terrifying mistake that was only £2336 The other item was not so amusing A man walked into the unguarded () computer room of a large packaged food company (袋装食品生产公司) and expectly programmed the computer (计算机编程序) to pay him £2000 a month for raw meat which he supplied to the company Of course he never sent the meat but he certainly received the money The computer wrote out a bill and even signed it It was only a random (便) check that uncovered the trick It could be happening in thousands of other companied all over the world
    Computers are not the magical workers that some people say they are They make mistakes they’re sometimes slower than human beings and they’re easily fooled The US used to conscript (征兵) people with the help of a computerThe army sent out a card which had to be filled in and sent back It was easy to avoid being called up simply by spreading candlewaxon on the card The computer couldn’t read the card and did nothing with it
    It’s in our everyday life that computers cause many problems Let’s get back to using people instead of computers before a mistake that we can’t put right

    The writer’s main idea is __________
    A we’d better use people instead of computers in our everyday life
    B We should not use computers because they always make mistakes
    C computers are widely used in our everyday life
    D if we want to work well don’t use the computers

    10 During the early years of this century wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada When the crops were good the economy on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat with almost as much felling as if they were growers The marketing of wheat became an increasingly favorite topic of conversation
    War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop For years farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn but farmers could not wait for markets to improve It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich On various occasions producer groups asked for farmer controls but governments had no wish to become involved at least not until wartime wheat prices threatened to run wild
    Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs the federal government appointed a board of grain supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918 Grain Exchange trading was suspended and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board To handle the crop of 1919 the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board with full authority to buy sell and set prices

    What is the main purpose of the passage
    A To explain how wheat is marketed today
    B To justify suspension of trading on the Grain Exchange
    C To describe the origins of the Canadian Wheat Board
    D To argue for further reforms on the Canadian Wheat Board

    11 April 27 is Take Our Daughters to Work Day in Britain Started at first in the United States and brought to Britain in 1994 Take Our Daughter to Work Day has become a special day for girls between 11 and 15 On that day thousands of girls take a day off school and go together with one of their parents to their work places The purpose of this day is to broaden girls’ horizons(视野) and raise their selfconfidence
    For many years people have thought that boy can do better than girls in society But actually Girls can be whatever they want to be just like boys whether it is a pilot a nurse or a chief executive () says the chairman of the Our Sons and Daughters Charitable Trust an organization which supported the activity of the Day Now the girls have a close look at what their parents are doing and this may help them to be more selfconfident when they are faced with a choice of work
    Schools and many companied support the activity too Palmers Green High School for girls in north London has made the day a necessary of careers education
    Zarina Bart15 from Palmers Green went with her mother Gwen to her lawyer’s office on this year’s Take Our Daughters to Work Day I learned how to fill in a legal aid form and I read details of a case Then I went to see the actual trail she said
    Zarina found it interesting to see her mother at work It’s really strange seeing Mum at workrunning around getting serious and telling people what to do She has always liked this idea of going into law and thinks it likely that she will follow in her mother’s footsteps Having a chance to see how her mother works has given hr more selfconfidence
    Experts believe that girls with higher selfconfidence aim higher and are more likely to be successful in life Parents have more important effert on the confidence of teenage girls If parents believe in their daughter and show examples both at work as well as at home for them this will give a lot of help to girls Take Our Daughters to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction

    The writer’s purpose in writing this text is to _________
    A introduce to us a special day for girls B broaden girls’ view and raise their confidence
    C show us that girls can do as well as boys D tell how the special day for girls came into being

    12 To swim the English channel takes at least nine hours It’s hard work and it makes you short of breath To fly over the channel takes only twenty minutes as long as you’re not held up at the airport but it’s an expensive way to travel You can travel by hovercraft(气垫船) if you don’t mind the noise and that takes forty minutes Otherwise you can go by boat if you remember seasickness pills All these means of transport (运输) have their problems and the weary (厌烦) traveler often dreams of being able to drive to France in his own car Not possible you say Well wait a minute people are once again considering the idea of a Channel tunnel or bridge This time the great London Council(议会) is looking into the possibility of building a channel link straight to London A bridge would cost far more a tunnel but you would be able to go by rail or by car on a bridge whereas (然) a tunnel would provide a rail link only
    Why is this idea being discussed again Is Britain realizing the need for links with Europe as a result of joining EEC(欧体) Well perhaps The main reason though is that a tunnel or bridge would reach the twenty square kilometers of London’s discussed stimulate(刺激) trade and revitalise (…具活力) the port and would make London a main trading center in Europe With a link over the channel you could buy your fish and chips in England and be able to eat them in France while they are still warm

    The main idea of the passage is ______
    A how to develop the trade of London B crossing the Channel is difficult
    C how to get to Europe more conveniently D what to do in the development of traveling

    13 Believe it or not optical illusion(错觉) can cut highway crashes(撞毁)
    Japan is a case in point It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion Bent strips called cheverons (字形) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are faster than they really are and thus drivers slow down
    Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington DC is planning to repeat Japan’s success Starting next year the foundation will paint cheverons and other patterns of strips on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes
    Excessive speed plays a major role in as much a one fifth of all fatal(致命) traffic accidents according to the foundation To help reduce those accidents the foundation To help reduce those accidents the foundation will carry its tests in areas where speedrelated hazards(危险) are the greatest –curves(弯) exit slopes traffic circles and bridges
    Some studies suggest that straight horizontal bars(水障碍物)painted across roads can initially(初) cut the average speed of drivers in half However traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars
    Cheverons scientists say not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane(车道) appear to be narrower The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents

    The passage mainly discusses ________
    A a new way of highway speed control B a new pattern for painting highways
    C a new way to training drivers D a new type of optical illusion

    14 Farmer ED Rawlings smiles as he looks at his orange trees The young oranges are growing well in Florida’s weather Warm sunshine and gentle rains along with ED Rawlings expert care will produce a good crop of oranges this year
    But ED has to fight against Florida’s changeable winter weather In January and February temperature can destroy ED’s entire orange crops Having farmed in Florida for the past 35 years Ed Rawlings is prepared for the frosts() When temperatures drop below freezing Ed tries to save his crop by watering his orange trees The water freezes and forms a thin layer() of ice on the trees Strange as it may sound this thin layer of ice actually keep the fruit warm
    What happens is simple When the trees are watered the water loses heat and becomes ice The warmth of the heat it loses is sicked in by the fruit and keeps its temperature at a safe levelEd Rawling has effectively used this method to save many orange crops
    But Ed still faces some difficulties The trees should be watered at the exact moment the temperature drops to the freezing point Also just the right quantity of water must be used Too much water can form a thick layer of ice that will break the trees branches Another difficulty is that wind blows away the heat So Ed has to worry about not only when but also how often his trees should be watered and how much water should be used
    Computer technology may help Ed with some of these worries With equipment air and soil temperatures and wind speed can be measured The information is fed into a computer which can tell when temperatures drop to freezing The computer can correctly decide the quantity of water to be used and how frequently the trees should be watered Ed will find looking after his orange trees a lot easier with the help of a computer and we’ll all have the benefits(or advantages) of computerage oranges
    The passage is mainly about_______
    A a farmer’s expert care for his orange trees B the different uses of computers
    C growing oranges in Florida’s changeable weather D different way of frost protection

    15 RALOALTO California—Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter—even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise US researchers said last week
    A study of 192 third and forth grades generally aged eight and nine found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds (091kg) less over a oneyear period than those who did not change their television diet
    The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television view and not any other activity said Thomas Robison a pediatrician() at Stanford University
    In the study presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies’ annual meeting () in San Francisco the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by onequarter to one third
    Children watching fewer hours of television showed a pretty smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their took part in any extra exercise
    One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories Robinson said
    Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more Robison said

    The author tried to tell us in the first two paragraphs that _____
    A children will get fatter if they eat too much
    B Children will get thinner if they eat less
    C children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV
    D children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV

    16 During the summer you should be even more careful than usual of the foods you prepare Foods spoil faster in hot weather than in cold weather When you are shopping purchase frozen and refrigerated foods don’t make long stops on your way home because frozen foods could become soft or warm Using insulated (密封) bags helps keep food cold until you arrive home Mild or milk products should be refrigerated immediately When camping or picnicking or at any time when refrigeration isn’t available use special dry foods Above all if a food doesn’t seem to be normal in odor(气味) or appearance discard (抛弃) it immediately Don’t taste it

    What is the main idea of the passage
    A How to store frozen and refrigerated foods
    B How to keep keep food from spoiling (变坏) during the summer
    C How to select fresh food D How to prepare summer food

    17 A new era(纪元) is upon us Call it what you will the service economy the information age the knowledge society It all translates to be a basic change in the way we work Already we are there now The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen fortunately in the Western World Today the major of jobs in America Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry and the number in on the rise More women are in the workforce than ever before There are more parttime jobs More people are selfemployed But the wildness of the economic change can’t be measured by numbers alone because it also is giving rise to a radical(根彻底) new way of thinking about the nature of work itself Longheld views about jobs and careers the skills to succeed even the relation between individuals and employers—all these are being challenged
    We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead No one looking ahead 20 years possible could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention the chip(芯片) would change our world thanks to its use in personal computers digital biotechnology(数码生物技术) artificial (工) intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of unexpected changes But one thing is certain information and knowledge will become even more important and the people who have it whether they work in manufacturing (制造业) or services will have the advantage and produce the wealth Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write The ability to solve problems by using information instead of performing regular work will be valued above all else If you look forward 10 years information services will be predominant(占优势) It will be the way you do your job

    Which of the following can be the vest title of the passage
    a Computer and Knowledge Society b Service Industry in the Modern Society
    c Characteristics of the new Era d Fast Development of Information Technology

    18 It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education Nevertheless it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important
    Education is much more openended and allinclusive than schooling Education knows not limits It can take place anywhere whether in the school or on the job whether in a kitchen or on a tractor It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning The agent(doer) of education can vary from respected grandparents to the people arguing about politics on the radio from a child to a famous scientist Whereas schooling has a certain predictability(预料性) education quite often produces surprises A chance conversation with a strange may lead a person to discover how little is know of other religious (宗教) People receive education from infancy(婴幼) on Education then is a very broad inclusive term It is a lifelong process a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be a necessary of one’s entire life
    Schooling on the other hand is a specific formalized process whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next Throughout a country children arrive school at about the same time take the assigned () seats are taught by the adult use similar textbooks do homework take exams and so on The pieces of reality that are to be learned whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government have been limited by the subjects being taught For example high school students know that they are likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their society or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with There are clear undoubtful conditions surrounding the formalized of schooling
    What is the main idea of this passage
    A The best schools teach a variety of subjects
    B Education and schooling are quite different experiences
    C The more years students go to schools the better their education
    D Students benefit from schools which require bong hours and homework

    19 Since the beginning of time man has invented many interesting things Some of these inventions like numbers the alphabet and the radio have certainly changed history Since 1946 one of the most important inventions has been the computer It will change all our lives
    At one time it was as large as a room and quite difficult and slow to operate But since the invention of the silicon ship ()which is really a very very small electric circuit() computers have been greatly improved They have become smaller easier to use and faster they can store a lot more information
    Some computer are made as well as television sets Simple computers can be made smaller than a book And computers are getting smaller all the time
    There are several reasons why the computer is useful to us Firstly it can store a very very large quantity of information in its memory Secondly the computer can operate very quickly –thousands of times faster than a human—and it will not tire Thirdly modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines like radios cars planes and so on They can do many kinds of work
    Soon almost everyone either at home or at work will use some kind of computer the lives of all of us will be changed by this invention
    The main idea of this passage is ____
    A how the computer came into being
    B that computers ate getting smaller and smaller all the time
    C that the computer will change the lives of all of us
    D that modern computers can be built into other machine

    20 The computer is an electronic machine It is a machine that solves problems as much as you do As an example Let’s trace the way you would add two numbers Then let’s see how a computer would do it
    Step1 You collect information That is you either see or hear the numbers to be added
    Step2 You find a method to solve the problem In this case you remember how to do addition
    Step 3 You bring together the information (the two numbers) and the method(addition)

    Step 4 You perform the operation adding the two numbers
    Step5 You report the results of your work either by writing down the answer or by saying it aloud
    All computer go through five similar steps
    Step 1 The computer receives information or data from the outside It changes the data into electric language called input
    Step 2 The computer has been given a program contain instructions for solving the problem The instructions ate found in the storage or memory
    Step 3 The computer bring together the data from the input and the instructions from the storage This is done by the computer’s control
    Step 4 The computer goes through the steps of the instructions on the data this is called processing
    Step 5 The computer changes the result from electric language to human language It presents the results in print or sound called output
    Sometimes the five parts of a computer –input storage control processor and output—are together in one large unit Other times they are far apart and connected by wires Often large computers have one control and processing unit with a number of separate memory input and output device
    What does the passage mainly tell us
    A The computer is an electric machine B Computer solve problems in the same way as people do
    C How we add two numbers D Computers have five parts together in one unit

    21 Astronomers have spent hundreds of years searching for signs of life on other planets using telescopes When they saw the geography of Mars (火星) they thought they could see canals and that this might be evidence of intelligent life on the planet More recently however spacecraft have been sent there to analyse (分析) the soil for signs of life The result were negative and astronomers now feel certain that no life exist on the surface of any craft far beyond our solar system (太阳系)I not realistic because of the huge distances
    Unless life comes and visit us the only way we likely to know of its existence is from radio message Listening for intelligent extraterrestrial (外星) or ET life is not a new idea but the techniques now being used offer a much better chance off success than before Looking for evidence of life in other solar systems now means using special radio receivers called radio telescopes to listen out for message The idea is that intelligent forms of life would have discovered radio waves and would like us be using them to communicate
    Through its research work NASA(美国国家航空航天局) has develop two means of systematically searching for ET life The first method is to select the closest 800 stars like our sun and to direct a radio telescope to scan each of one them for electromagnetic (电磁) wave The second way is to survey the entire sky listening for continuous signals which may come from extraterrestrial life Scientists are looking in the 10010000 MegaHetz(兆赫) frequency range—a range where there are fewer natural radio signals which could interfere (干扰) with transmission (传输) By looking signals in these specific regions scientists can avoid any confusion that might be caused by receiving a natural radio signal rather than one sent by intelligent life
    NASA’s search in space has already resulted in some discoveries –including new equipment which may help in the development of new communication and medical technologies
    All this as well as the chance of discovering has made us feel confident that maybe we are not alone in the universe
    What is the main idea of the passage
    A Astronomers now feel certain that no life exists on the surface of any other planet in our solar system
    B It is realistic to send a spacecraft far beyond our solar system to search for ET life
    C There I no ET life on Mars
    D Using radio telescopes to listen out for message from ET life scientists have discovered that the new equipment nay help in the development of new communication and medical technologies

    22 It is burning hot in Mali an island country in Africa where the highest temperature even reach 55℃ while the average temperature of the whole year there maintains (维持) above 45℃ But to our great surprise the tourism (旅游线) there is getting very well Nearly all the year round the tourists can be seen coming and going
    That is because there are a large number of IntheWell Hotels in Mali It means that first of all people have dug a thirtymetredeep well under very hot land surface then in the wall of the well several empty caves about two metres high each are made In these caves beds are arranged
    Obviously IntheWell Hotel not as hot as it is out of the well remains only about 12~20℃ In the cave rooms tourists can find all the daily necessaries
    It not only frees the guests of the country from the hot weather but also gives them a new and fresh experience So it is appealing(吸引) to the tourists coming all parts of the world

    The best title for this passage should be ________
    A Mali A Burning Hot Country B Tourism In Mali
    C The Well Hotel D A way to Develop Tourism

    23 Imagine life as a game in which you are playing with some five balls in the air You name them work family health friends and spirit and you’re keeping all these balls in the air
    You understand that work is a rubber ballIf you drop it it will bounce back But the other four balls are made of glass If you drop one of these it will be surely marked broken damaged or even shattered(粉碎) They will never be the same You must understand that and strive for balance in your life How
    Don’t undermine (低估) your worth by comparing yourself to others It is because we are different that each of us is special Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important Only you know what is best for you Don’t take for granted the things closest to your heart Stick to them as you would to life for without them it’s meaningless Don’t let life one day at a time you live ALL the days of your life Don’t run through life so fast that your forget not only where you’ve been but also where you’re going Don’t use time or words carelessly Neither can be regained Life is not a race but a journey to be enjoyed each step of the way Yesterday is history tomorrow is a mystery and today is a gift That is why we call itThe Present

    Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
    A We should strive for balance in our life
    B We should not undermine our worth by comparing ourselves to others
    C We should not set our goals by what other people consider important
    D Words and time will never return once they are gone

    24 Some people think they have an answer to the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large cities Their answer is the bicycle or bike
    In a great many cities hundreds of people ride bicycles to work everyday In New York Cith some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike fie a Better City They claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car engines
    For several years this group has been trying to get the city government to help bicycle riders For example they want the city to paint special lanes –for bicycles only—on some of the main streets because when bicycle riders must use the same lanes as cars there may be accidents Bike foe a Better City feels that if there were special lanes more people would use bikes
    But no bicycle lanes have been painted yet Not everyone thinks it is a good idea Taxi drivers don’t like the idea—they say it will slow traffic Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea—they say if there is less traffic they will have less business And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike
    The government has not yet decided what to do It wants to keep everyone happy On weekends Central Parkthe largest open space in New York –is closed to cars and the roads may be used by bicycles only But Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown Until that happens the safest place to bicycles may be in the park

    The main idea of the passage is to show_________
    A the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large city
    B bike for a Better City’s answer to the problems of automobiles
    C a great many bike riders in New York City
    D the city government’s decision about bicycle lanes
    25 In its country of Germany the hot dog was called the frankfurter It was named after Frankfurt a German city Frankfurters were first sold in the United States in the 1860s Americans called frankfurters dachshund sausages A dachshund is a dog from Germany with a very long body and short legs Dachshund sausages first became popular in New York especially at baseball games At games they were sold by men who kept them warm in hotwater tanks As the men walked up and down the rows of people they yelled Get your dachshund sausages Get your hot dachshund sausages People got the sausages on buns a special bread
    One day in 1906 a newspaper cartoonist named Tad Dargan went to a baseball game When he saw the man with the dachshund sausages he got an idea for a cartoon The next say at the newspaper office he drew a bun with a dachshund inside not a dachshund sausages but a dachshund Dorgan didn’t know to spell dachshund Under the cartoon he wrote Get you hot dogs
    The cartoon caused deep interest and excitement and so was the new name If you go to a baseball games today you can still see sellers walking around with hotwater tanks As they walked up and down the rows they yell Get your hot dogs here Get your hot dogs

    The main purpose of the passage is to show_____
    A the home country of the hot dog B the origin of the hot dog
    C the selling of the hot dog D the cartoon of the hot dog

    26 All of us eat every day but most of us don’t understand nutrition How much do you know about good nutrition Are the following statements true or false
    1 People who don’t eat meat can stay healthy
    True As long as people eat enough milk eggs and meat alternated () they can get enough protein ()
    2 Fresh vegetables cooked at home are always more nutritious than canned vegetables
    False The difference depends on how vegetables are prepared than whether they are fresh or canned Vegetables cooked in too much water lose a great amount of vitamins
    3 Food eaten between meals can be just as good for health as food eaten at regular meals
    True Nutritional value depends on what type of food you eat not when you eat them Eating an egg or an orange between meals can contribute to a good diet
    4 Taking extra vitamins beyond the recommended daily allowances won’t give you more energy
    True It’s widely believed that extra vitamins provide more energy But taking more than the body needs doesn’t make it function better not more than overfilling your gas tank makes your car run better
    5 Natural vitamins are better supplements (补充) for the diet than synthetic vitamins
    False There is no difference A vitamin has the same properties (性质) and specific chemical structure whether made in a laboratory or taken from plant or animal parts
    6 Older people need the same amount of vitamins as younger people
    True Older people need the same amount of vitamins as younger people although they need fewer calories (卡) Certain illnesses raise the requirements for some vitamins but that is true for the young as well as the old
    7 Food grow in poor soil is lower in vitamins than food grown in rich soil
    False The vitamins in our food are made by the plants themselves They don’t come from the soil However the minerals in a plant depend on the minerals in the soil
    If you have answered these questions correctly You can say you know much about food and nutrition by today’s standards But remember that nutrition is growing science and that it may be changed as new information is obtained

    The main purpose of the passage is _____
    A to list today’s standards of food and nutrition
    B to introduce what should be eaten and what not
    C to explain what is helpful to your health and what is not
    D to test our nutrition IQ by judging the problems listed

    27 When we say that Cambridge us a university town we don’t mean just that it is a town with a university in it Manchester and Milan have universities but we don’t call them university towns A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city The university is not just one part of the town it is all over the town The heart of Cambridge has its shops pubs (酒馆) marketplace and so on but most of it is university—colleges faculties(系部) libraries clubs and other places for university staff(教职员工) and students Students fill the shops cafes bands and churches making these as well part of the university
    The town was there first Two Roman roads crossed there and there are signs of building before Roman times (earlier than AD 43) Cambridge became a center of learning and the authority(权威) of the head of the university was recognized by the king in 1226
    With about 8250 undergraduates and over 2000 postgraduates the city is a busy place in full turn (全体学生校课时) Undergraduates are not allowed to keep cars in Cambridge so nearly all of them use bicycles Don’t try to drive through Cambridge during the five minutes between lectures Your bicycle must go through a boiling sea of other bicycles hurrying in all directions If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of full term you know that you are in a university town

    What is the title of the passage
    A Cambridge A University Town B Cambridge A Centre of learning
    C Cambridge with Many Students D Cambridge with a Long History

    28 Perhaps the most famous theory the study of body movement was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell He believes that physical appearance is often culturally (文化) programmed In other words we learn our looks –we are not born with them A baby has generally informed face features(特征) A baby according to Birdwhistell learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around –family and friends This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike New Englanders of Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学) The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth it is learned after In fact the final shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set For many this can be well into grownup A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look somewhere alike We learn our looks from those around us This is perhaps why in a single country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas In the United States for example the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently In New England they smile less and in the western part of New York still less Many Southerners find cities such as New York are unfriendly partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta Georgia People in large polluted areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns so
    This passage might have been taken out if a book dealing with_______
    A physics B chemistry C biology D none of the above
    1 A 2 A 3 AA 4 B 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 C 11 A 12 C 13 A 14 A
    15 D 16 B 17 C 18 B 19 C 20 B 21 D 22 C 23 A 24 B 25 B 26 D 27 A 28 D
    高考英语阅读理解
    旨意题解题技巧
    篇文章般表达中心题中心题通常句子概括句题句类题考查读者握全文容理解中心思想力


    题型介绍:
    篇文章般表达中心题中心题通常句子概括句题句类题考查读者握全文容理解中心思想力包括分析纳文章段落意重情节物特征写作特点力般说说明文议文题句位文章开头时位文章中间末尾时直接文章中直接找题句弄清段段间逻辑关系基础纳总结题句必须简洁明概括全文容具高度综合性概括性文章段落句子题句进步解释说明证拓展

    常见旨意题考查形式:
    The text is mainly about ____
    The main ideaThe general ideaThe main purpose is ______
    What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph
    What would be the best title headline for the text
    This article mainly tells about the story of ____
    What is the topic of the text
    The subject discussed in this text is ____
    What does the second paragraph discuss
    The paragraph (passage) deals with _____
    What is mainly discussed in the text
    二旨意题解题方法步骤:
    略读法理解全文意快速效方法略读关键抓住文章点前提快速度阅读目快获足够信息便准确回答问题利略读法做阅读时特注意首尾两段学会寻找文章段落题句高效省事抓住段落点捷径时准确理解文章意效途径做题时注意步骤:
    1先问题否旨相关题目解题目类提问方式
    2文章首尾段开头找出题句通浏览全文抓住关键字眼握旨
    3掌握旨前提处理推断作者语气意图等深层次问题
    三考题探究
    PITTSBURGH – For most people snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives
    The 37yearold Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snakelike robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies
    Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends a Northboro Massbased company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows He said there are other snakelike robots being developed mainly at universities but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes
    The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操杆) They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors or servos commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes
    Built from lightweight materials the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller They can sense which way is up but are only as good as their human operators Choset added
    Sam Stover a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana said snaketype robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available such as cameras attached to extendable roles
    It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before Stover said We needed them yesterday
    He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building
    Stover among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (果) of Hurricane Katrina said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster
    Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years depending on funding
    What is the text mainly about
    A Snakelike robots used in industries
    B Snakelike robots made to aid in rescues
    C The development of snakelike robots
    D The working principles of snakelike robots
    学海导航:B  该题考查文章旨意文章第段引出话题第二段文题第二段中提Choest讲究 snakelike robotshe hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies知Choset 研究蛇形机器目然灾害紧急事中起作
    四实例演练
    Everyone’s at it even my neighbors I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn't done an eBay deal So I decided to try my hand at online auction(网拍卖)
    Buying for beginners Sign up on www ehay co uk Most items (eg tables computers and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description others may be marked with Buy It Now and have a fixed price You can buy these right away
    If the item is being auctioned you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出价) for you The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again Auctions last up to 10days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item
    How to pay Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders The easiest way is through PayPal an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信)
    Selling made simple If you plan to sell on eBay it helps to include a picture of the item I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10day auction starring on a Thursday This way buyers had two weekends to bid
    The big things in life It' s easy to post a small item but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid
    What is the passage mainly about
    A How to make payment online
    B Ways of making delivery online
    C Advantages of an onlineauction system
    D How to use an onlineauction system
    点津D题考察考生文章旨义理解力四选项均涉关短文容通较核心概念会发现A选项支付首段 B选项交货方式 C选项系统优势D选项方法见ABC三选项涉短文部分容具备概括全篇作D选项包含容够全面概括出短文旨义C选项说话方式身具概括意味具定干扰
    五验总结
    1握逻辑结构提高方面力阅读议文说明文尤重类文章中常某细节引出题目进行议议程中会出现细节描述部分常设置类试题干扰项
    2找准题句题句通常文章句首句中句末题句表达中心思想起导作阅读时容易出现题句方特注意六旨意题错误选项特点:
    1偏盖全局部信息者句没展开述话
    2笼统纳题太宽泛细节脱节者没细节加充分述
    3 观点强加作者读者根常识文章进行判断忽视作者见解
    4关信息文章中没提者找语言 信息

    英语阅读理解技巧

    阅读理解始终外语学考试重点
    .阅读理解测试点:
    1.理解旨意
    2.寻读具体信息
    3.理解细节
    4.根文提供语境推测生词词义进加深文段理解
    5.简单判断理解
    6.理解文段基逻辑结构
    7.理解作者意图态度
    8.理解文段文化信息
    9.理解图表信息
    10.理解指代关系
    高考命题实际情况命题者常述方法提问:
    1.What is the purpose of the text
    2.What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage
    3.What can we infer from the passage
    4.What can be inferred from the passage
    5.It can be concluded from the text that
    6.What can we learn from the text
    7.What is the general ideamain idea of the text
    8 The passage mainly focuses on
    9 What is the main subject discussed in the text
    10 It can be inferred from the passage that
    11 It can be inferred from the that the author seems to
    12 What is the best title of the textfor the article
    13 The best title for this passage is
    14 What can we infer from the lastthe first two paragraphs
    15 The meaning of the wordsentence in Paragraph X is related to
    16 In Paragraph X X X X can be replaced by
    17 The underlined word X sentence in Paragraph X probably mean
    18 The text is mainly written to explain
    19 Which of the following statements is true
    20 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text
    基述测试点学生阅读程中必须具备列技获取处理信息:
    1.略读
    2.找读
    3.预测文
    4.理解意
    5.分清文章中事实观点
    6.猜测词义
    7.推理判断
    8解重点细节
    9理解文章结构
    10理解图表信息
    11理解指代关系
    12理解逻辑关系
    13理解作者意图
    14评价阅读容
    具备述技应该做:
    1学会3500左右单词400500合成词派生词400500惯语固定搭配
    2教材外课外阅读量应累积达30万词换言长度300词左右文段1000篇
    3通分析句子结构理解难句长句(理解语言结构定难度定新语言现象文段)
    4根阅读目文段调整阅读速度阅读方法阅读速度分钟7080词
    二文章分类分析
    文章般分说明文说文叙述文广告等
    根历年考试情况说明文说文文长基控制300词左右文章旨意出现第段甚第段前句段第段呼应中间部分说明文展开部阅读理解问题形式出现:
    1 What is the best title forof the passage
    2 What can be inferred from the passage
    3 What does the author mainly tell us about in the text?
    4 What is mainly discussed in the articlepassagetext
    做答类问题时阅读重点放首尾部分中间部分采略读扫读方式省时间二目标明确正答率然相应提高
    示例 2004年全国卷ⅡC篇介绍1971年版众车根容篇说明文
    It’s not the flashiest car in the world.Not even close.But in the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can’t:run on solar energyenergy from the sun’s light and heat
    66 What would be the best title for the text
    A.The Making of Helios
    B.1999 American Tour on the Road
    C.Sunpowered Cars On the Road
    D.Use of Green Cars in Connection
    ()阅读理解细节题解题思路
    题思想文章框架作者构思程中必须表达观点信息进行具体陈述读者应准确记住作者陈述中谈处事时十分重读者必须重视名日期事实数点等类细节性问题数文章较明显提供事实细节答案必定文章述范围读者应该找出文章中作选择提供单词句子脱离原文获取信息仓促作出没原文根假设
    细读获取事实细节缺少方法读者够接受信息记忆信息分析信息较深入领会篇文章
    类题型三种形式:问句式完整陈述句排法
    1.问句式
    A.发问形式种:
    How did something happen
    Which of the following people should(not) do it
    Which of the following did somebody have to deal with
    Where should somebody do something
    B.解题技巧
    解类题时采号入座办法带着问题找句子先文章面问题(常常认非常效方法)注意记忆关键词语物时间事件等确定道题目发问中心说某问题针什提问样带着问题阅读文章做放矢
    问题发问中心反馈原文中读关解答发问中心信息时关信息面画直线示突出果问题序没序出原文信息画线时问题题号标出便检查节约时间
    原文中找出发问中心解答信息原文信息放问题中选项进行原文信息相符项正确答案
    Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric(史前) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather meat and milk Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle These valuable animals are unusual in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw Instead they chew with their back teeth and gums (齿龈) Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen the first of the four compartments stomachs in their
    Questions According to the passage what is the rumen
    A The first stomach compartment
    B The name of the upper jaw
    C The stomach where digestion (消化) takes place
    D The name of the bacteria(细菌) in the cow's stomach
    带着发问中心选择项目阅读原文读rumen词时面画横线紧接词面句first of the four compartments in their stomachs正解释rumen面画虚线标出题号选择项
    2.完整陈述句式
    A.常见形式:
    Something can be best classified as
    A certain kind of person is someone who
    People are looking for better ways to
    According to the authoritwas caused by
    B.解题技巧:
    类题答案原文字面差异时找出前句容逻辑联系答类题时准确理解关键定冷静仔细分析做完整陈述式题目时候参考面列举解题步骤第步阅读题目找出问题发问中心第二步带着问题阅读文章第三步根前两步分析判断选择出符合题意答案
    3.排式
    A.常见形式:
    Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage
    Which of the following is TRUE
    Which of the following is NOT listed in
    Which of the following is NOT included in the passage
    B.解题技巧:
    做类题时首先仔细阅读题选项牢记选项阐述容然阅读原文原文中信息选择项容相信息面划线作排容果基选项容原文找相应信息该选项该题答案类题前两种题型者答案应包括原文容中述事实具直接间接联系前者答案排原文容外答题时原文容关三选项排剩答案
    Life on Land
    Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago though it has existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years When we think of the first life on land we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans but in fact no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first Plants had to be on land before animals arrived They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessary since theythe plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy
    The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae (海藻) which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce
    Which of the following is TRUE
    A Algae have existed for more than 430 million years
    B It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land
    C Plants get food from animals in the oceans
    D Evolution began after animals appeared on land
    道事实询问题需短文第段首句
    Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago短文第二段首句The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae联系起考虑正确答案ABCD三项短文容均符应排

    (二)阅读理解准确找出题句

    阅读理解技巧中非常重点阅读中迅速抓住文章段落中心思想
    段落构成规律中心思想通段落中题句体现解掌握规律迅速找出题句抓住中心思想提高阅读理解力益处
    规律通题句段落中处位置体现学首先应四种段型解然通系列意识训练掌握
    1.首句题句规律
    ①予例证解释说明段落
    ②定义段落
    ③两两事物作较段落
    ④表明原结果(结果交代前)段落
    题句首句段落总演绎法撰写遵循般特殊写作程序概述开段辅细说样段落文章中出现专门研究阅读理技巧专家统计概率达70请例:
    People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all according to an agricultural expert In fact singing and talking to plants makes them grow better says Dr Braymar The reason is quite simple When we sing or talk to plants we exhale(呼出) CO2 which plants need to survive (continue to live)and grow better Plants absorb (take in) CO2 through their pores(孔) during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people to survive Singing and talking have good effect on plants however only during the daytime Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster
    段首句题句句子解释说明植物说话唱歌益植物题思想提供段结尾句呼应题句予题思想时幽默收尾
    2.段落尾句题句规律
    (1)阐述常见难令接受观点段落
    (2)旨说服读者相信甚信服点段落
    尾句题句段落总纳法撰写程序先表述细节交代作出概括性结总结性句子收尾种写作方法特点般特殊性性请例:
    If you hadn't known them you would have thought Joe and Jim were quite alike They were both tall and wore long and fair hair They both walked with a steady stride (坚定步伐) They both spoke in a deep voice that made them selves seem much older than they really were Both of them wore dark clothes as a rule and they liked light coloured ties But that was all the likeness they had In other things they were sharply different Joe was considerate and helpful and everyone liked him Jim however was very selfish and often flared into terrible anger (勃然怒) at little things that displeased him Alike as Joe and Jim were on the surface they were really very different in nature
    段文字乔吉姆两相细节叙述句作纳总结:两表面相似实质极相
    3.段落中间句题句规律
    表述某种观点段落题句处段落中间样段落先句句题句出现作铺垫交代细节题句出场适数量句子陈述细节继续予例证类段落包括层次:引题—题思想—解释提问—回答问题继续予例证样段落撰写总遵循条规律:先纳演绎出两例证作出概括性总结然根结予例证证实点请例:
    When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment and then it comes down When a bullet (子弹) is shot straight up it will travel much faster and higher than a ball but it too will come down Whatever goes up must come down We have always thought this to be true An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long Yet it does not stay up forever Finally like everything else the plane must come down
    段文字中间划线句话题句行文序写作方法述发展程序完全吻合

    (三)抓住长句核心

    抓住长句核心
    阅读较难读物时常遇长句子长句初学者阅读理解中拦路虎初学者具备准确找出长句核心力拦路虎变成纸老虎点怕
    句子核心谓句子核心(the core of a sentence)指句子成分:语谓语动词宾语表语三种句子成分句子基素然句子表面长实核心部分关键词部分统统核心词服务描述修饰解释说明细节:时间(when)点(where)原(why)方式(how)物(what)数量(how manyhow much)种结果(what result)等面年高考试题中出现长句进行分析具权威性代表性实性
    实例Twenty students had just climbed their way to the top rung (高台阶) out of four million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest on Tuesclay evening at Jintan County Jiangsu Province
    分析程演示:
    句子核心:students...climbed...way
    句子系列细节:
    How many:twenty out of four million
    What result to the top rung
    What thing the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
    Doing what taking part in the Contest
    When Tuesday evening
    Where Jintan County Jiangsu Province
    抓住句子核心首先准确理解句子成分:……学生登高台阶长句系列细节分析更进步解:四百万参加全国第五届华罗庚数学金杯赛中中学生里二十学生星期二江苏省金坛县登高台阶
    2.找出谓语动词抓住核心关键
    英语汉语区英语中三种非谓语动词形式:动词定式分词动名词三种非谓语动词形式系列形式果句子中迅速准确找谓语动词势必会理解形成严重障碍找出句子谓语动词成抓住核心关键
    找出句子谓语动词whowhat放谓语动词前发问轻易举找语然whomwhat发问迅速找出宾语表语系列状语样正确理解长句难句会变轻松容易请面例证中划线句子:
    Sometimes an animal has a plant partner The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other This is so in corals(珊瑚) of the sea In their skins corals have tiny plants which act as dustmen taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs very much to breathe
    乍划线句子第印象句子长会感长句中动词六谓语动词呢根已掌握基知识语法分析难出句子谓语动词havethat放have前提问:What have...回答问题程找出语程:corals have...然what放谓语动词发问:corals have what找出问题答案找谓语动词have宾语: have tiny plants样该句核心部分:语谓语宾语准确找
    3.语法分析法准确理解细节行效方法
    通例分析令信服学接受关抓住句子核心观点方法仅想正确理解长复杂句子现实想进步正确深入理解句子语法分析法实践中已反复证实行效例划线句首处介词词组:in their skins(皮肤)交代corals have tiny plants点状语实际回答where(处)问题plants限制性定语句:which act asdustmen(起清洁工作微生物)实际回答what effect do they have(起什作)问题定语句出现现分词短语:taking some of the wasted products from the coral and giving in return oxygen...语法分析难出处分词短语起解释说明作意:珊瑚中清理掉废料产物氧气oxygen出现定语句:which the animal needs very much to breathe(种动物非常需呼吸氧气)
    诚然训练素考生述切短时间完成阅读理解思维等程必须面叙述细节正确理解结果必然:珊瑚皮肤中着微生物微生物身体充着清洁工清理掉身体产生废料珊瑚种动物非常需呼吸氧气

    (四)猜词技巧
    阅读理解测试中常猜测词短语语意义题目词短语语生词熟词新义单时积累够掌握定做题技巧总结:
    (1)根构词法(转化合成派生)进行判断:英语中词前面加前缀(prefix)面加缀(suffix)构成词乍起词生词掌握定构词法难猜出词义例:
    Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 Anaclerio said and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject
    文中interactive前缀inter(相互)active(活动活跃)构成时根文意思判断该词含义应互动
    (2)根文解释作出判断:时短文中出现需猜测意义词短语面接着出现定义域解释判断该词短语意义请例:
    Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans minivans station wagons coaches Santana sedans are the big favourite
    前面Car Rental Center知出租车公司提供cars for rent(出租汽车)说划线词出租汽车名称
    (3)根文指代关系进行选择:文章中代词itthathehimthem指文提物中itthat指件事时代词指代象相隔较远认真查找时需前面提容进行总结出代词指代事例:
    However the question that moon people asked is still an interesting one A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it
    首先it指句中the questionthe question指段中月球提问题两次查找选出答案
    (4)根转折关系进行判断:根句连接词buthoweverotherwise等前句意义差某句含义确定句含义外分号()表示转折相干意义请例:A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassleit call be a basket of fun句出hasslea basket of fun肯定相反意义a situation causing difficulty or trouble
    (5)根果关系进行判断:俗话说必果果必根原预测结果根结果找出原例:
    Biggest power failure in the city's history...All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted.根果关系停电导致冰淇淋冷冻食品融化melted
    (6)根位关系进行判断:阅读中时出现新词难词面着位语前面词进行解释时种解释连词or连接例:
    ...and other Germanic and Nordic peoples who spoke what we now call AngloSaxon(or old English)a Germanic language.中old Englisha Germanic language解释Anglo—Saxon

    全国通2011届高考英语二轮复总复:紧抓高考考点 透视命题动 第四部分 阅读理解 命题角度l 理解旨意
    ()(典型例题精选 A study of English learning problems was carried out a mong a total of 106 foreign students It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival This was followed by speaking Writing increased as a problem as students discovered diffi culties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in Reading remained as a significant( 显著 )problem
    The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasona ble motivation (动机) we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammarbased English teach ing in their own country To use the same method would be selfdefeating because it might reduce motivation especially if it has failed in the past Therefore a different method may help because it is different
    Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining(保持) or increasing motivation Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout but we soon found that beth the students and the teachers lost interest by about half way through the ten weeks This led us to a major re think so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students
    1 What is the text mainly about
    A Foreign students have more problems
    B There are many ways to improve English
    C Teaching should meet students' needs[源ZxxkCom]
    D English learning problems should be studied again
    2 Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students
    A had to write their papers
    B became better at speaking
    C became less interested in reading
    D had fewer problems with listening
    3 We may infer from the last two paragraphs that
    A different teaching methods should be used
    B grammar based teaching seems to be encouraging
    C English courses are necessary for foreign students
    D teacing content should be changed halfway
    [考场错解]2.B 3.D
    [专家脉] 文阐述106名外国学生英语学程中出现问题研究结果
    1.旨意题根文章容c符合题意[源学科网ZXXK]
    2.细节理解题第段中Writing increased as a
    problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in.知答案选A[源Z§xx§kCom]
    3.推理判断题c项文中没涉BD两项文中细节非推理题选A
    [症药] 1.c 2.A 3.A
    (二)(典型例题精选
    Animals can move from place to place but plants can not When an animal is under attack it can run away or fight back Plants certainly cannot run away and they lack teeth and claws But plants can defend themselves by using beth physical and chemical means
    Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away For example the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (剌) that discourage grass eating animals Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach
    Some plants such as the oak tree have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat Some grasses may contain a sandy material eating such grasses wears down the animal' s teeth
    Many plants also have chemical defenses Some plants pro duce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction Some plants way fight against an attack by increasing the produc tion of these chemicals When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobac co leaf the leaf produces a chemical messenger This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar
    Many plants depend on beth physical and chemical de fenses A certain plant in China for instance has prickly( 剌 ) leaves and each prickle contains poisonous ven om (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future
    1 What would be the best title for this passage
    A Plants and Animals
    B How Plants Defend Themselves
    C Attacks and Defenses D How Animals Eat Plant Leaves
    [考场错解] A
    [专家脉] 题纳旨意题全文重点说明植物保护方法A项植物动物B项植物样保护C项进攻防卫D项动物样吃植物叶子B项符合题意
    [症药] B
    专家会诊
    类试题求考生掌握读材料旨意求考生理解全文基础文章进行高度概括总结做类试题求考生注意方面:
    1.注意文章标题标题般文章中心
    2.寻找题句抓住文章中心思想般说段落中心思想尤议文说明文更典型文章题句出现段落首句段中段末
    3.果文章段落较中心首段末段
    4.试题中常见标志性句子:The best titleheadline for this passage is The topic of the passage may be The passage is mainly about The central idea of the paragraph is that What is the main topic of the passage7 Which sentence best expresses the main idea'
    考场思维训练[源学科网]
    ()(典型例题精选)
    The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomor row where global warming could soon turn the global climate(气候) into a new ice age may never occur according to new research
    The next ice age could be 15000 years away say Euro pean scientists who last month announced a continuous record of 740000 years of climate data ( 数 ) obtained from the Antarctic ice
    Scientists from 10 nations have now almost completely drilled through a 3000 meter depth of ice high in the Ant arctic mainland They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to 40℃ has at least 900000 years of snowfalls kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree And the ice and air caught in each layer ( 层 ) have begun to an swer questions about the climates in the past
    The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740 000 years and eight warmer periods And by comparing the pattern of global conditions today with those of the past the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period could last another 15 000 years
    Research suggests that there is a very close connection between greenhouse gas levels and global average tempera tures It also shows that carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levelsare the highest for at least 440000 years[源学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
    If people say to you the greenhouse effect is a good thing because we would go into an ice age otherwise our data say no a new ice age is not hanging over our heads said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages and you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future
    Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record so did carbon dioxide level In 440000 years we have never seen greenhouse gas get as thick as it is today said Dr Wolff
    1 What would be the best title for the passage
    A Research over the Antarctic area
    B Warm period to last about 15 000 years
    C Report on the eight ice ages in the past
    D Hollywood movies and the global climate
    1.B解析:道旨题第二段The next ice age coule be 15000 years away科学家新研究成果说明球会15000年处暖时期[源学&科&网]
    (二) (典型例题精选)[源Z§xx§kCom]
    Have you ever received a gift that was so clearly not your taste that you wondered if perhaps it had been handed to you by mistake Worse have you ever given a present and watched your friend look as though she had opened the wrong box Maybe she responded with a polite Why thank you but you knew you had missed the mark Why do presents sometimes go wrong And what do your choices (good and bad) reflect about your personal qualities
    Choosing the right gift is an art I believe It calls for em pathyothe ability to put yourself into someone else' s head and heart We're all able to do this in fact we're born with a kind of natural empathy After the earliest period of childhood however it needs to be reinforeed(加强)by our parents teach ers friends When it isn' t we' re not able to understand other people's feelings as sharply This can show in the gifts we se lect and so can many other emotional( 情感 )qualities
    Think back to the presents you' ve given over the past year the time and effort you put into your selection how much you spent your thoughts while you were shopping and your feelings when the receiver opened the package Keep in mind that what you choose displays your inner world Of course you may express yourself differently with different friends relatives and other people you know
    We live in a society where exchanging presents is an im portant part of communication Ignoring the tradition won' t make it go away If you really dislike such a tradition tell your friends ahead of time
    1 The underlined expression you had missed the mark means you had failed to
    A make her feel better
    B keep your friendship
    C receive a present in return
    D get the expected effect
    2 Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph [源学科网ZXXK]
    A Natural empathy needs to be reinforced
    B Emotional changes influence one' s choice of gifts[源学科网ZXXK]
    C Selecting the right gift is an ability people are born with
    D Choosing gifts requires one to understand the receiv ers
    3 In the third paragraph the author tells us that [源学科网]
    A attention should be paid to the receivers' responses
    B one learns from what he did in the past
    C the choice of gifts reflects one' s emotional qualities
    D one should spend more time choosing gifts
    4 The best possible tide for this passage is
    A Ways of Choosing Gifts
    B An Important Tradition
    C Exchanging Presents
    D Message in a Gift
    1.D解析:句子理解题第段说明送方喜欢礼物句意没达送礼物预期效果
    2.D解析:旨意题第二段题句Choosing the right gift is an anI believe.It calls for empathythe ability to put yourself into someone else’s head and heart.知题选D
    3.c解析:旨意题概括第三段意知4.D解析:旨意题文中段题意思概括出文题目D






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