美国文学考研复习笔记

History And Anthology of American Literature

PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民义时期文学
1 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲前100年Caribbean Islands Mexico and other Parts of South America已the Spanish占领
2 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚马萨诸塞)开始美国历史
3 美国早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch Swedes Germans French Spaniards Italians and Portuguese (荷兰瑞典德国法国西班牙意利葡萄牙等)
4 美国早期文学the narratives and journals of these settlements采in diaries and in journals(日记日志)写关the land with dense forests and deepblue lakes and rich soil
5 第批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at JamestownVirginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)
6 船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版认美国第部真正意义文学作品in the early 1600shave been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English讲述filled with themes myths images scenes character and events吸引圣者清教徒前lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans
7 美国第位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写封信殖民第次弗吉尼亚垦荒发生种事件真实介绍A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony
8 第二书1612年弗吉尼亚图附：乡村描述A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country
9 出版八书中关新英格兰历史描述破产做导sought a post as guide to the Pilgrims1624年弗吉尼亚通史General History of Virginia讲述传奇事how the Indian princess Pocahontas( 波卡洪特斯)saved him
10 保存殖民者Jamestown早期开荒史explored the rivers and bays around the Chesapeake region(切萨皮克区)重he saw from the beginning what was eventually to be a basic principle of American history the need of workersinstead of gentlemenfor the tough job of planting colonies and pushing the frontiers westward
11 早期新英格兰文学关theological moral historical and political
12 清教徒坚韧耐劳严格遵守教义the Puritans in New England embraced hardships together with the discipline of a harsh church想建立神权社会found a theocracy生活简朴意志坚定行素屈挠斗争they had toughness purpose and character they grappled strongly with challenges they set themselves基价值观：注重勤劳节俭虔诚节制hard work thrift piety and sobriety成早期美国作品导思想

Ⅰ William Bradford and John Winthrop威廉·布拉德福德约翰·温思罗普
普利茅斯第首长：William Bradford
波斯顿第首长： John Winthrop
1． William Bradford普利茅斯开发历史The History of Plymouth Plantation文章1630年开始写起an account of the small group of Puritans who migrated from England to Amsterdam and then to the New Wold文字简洁认真负责直接叙述读性强simplicity and earnestness of the book with its direct reporting make it readable and moving1637年简单律诗生写总结科登·马瑟写道：众福众父a common blessing and father to them all
2． John Winthrop新英格兰历史The History of New England1630年登阿贝亚（Arbella）to Massachusetts开始写日记keep a journal and to the rest of his life1826年正式出版is notable for its candid simplicity and honesty
3． 出创作需记录历史运直接生动散文格式文章成文学作品 the need to record important events in permanent form Yet through a direct and vigorous prose style each account literary excellence
4． 清教徒（Puritan）净化宗教信仰行方式纯洁信仰Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices The Puritan was Wouldbe purifier 总认帝选民looked upon themselves as a chosen people生活方式提出异议反帝旨意anyone who challenged their way of life was opposing God’s Will and was not to be accepted信仰视命信仰容忍they were zealous in defense of their own beliefs but often intolerant of the beliefs of others 制定法律限制生活行made laws about private morality as well as public behavior霍桑称黑眉毛古板清教徒stern and blackbrowed Puritans

Ⅱ John Cotton and Roger Williams约翰·科登罗杰·威廉姆斯
1． John Cotton第批知识分子代言称新英格兰教父the Patriarch of New England 1633年Boston开始直社区精神导师宣讲宗教统治国家神权思想直接影响时行 he was the teacher(spiritual leader) of the community and its guiding influence toward the ideal of theocracy(a state ruled by the church)影响通教堂讲坛完成his primary influence was through the pulpit 听众深信疑清教徒强调权威忽视民they were much more concerned with authority than with democracy
2． Roger Williams1631年came to the Massachusetts放逐现罗德岛Rhode Island意见者赞迫害屈服容忍认行德信仰诚没强迫该行事权力没政治秩序教会体制够直接体现神身意旨the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God 印第安语言非常感兴趣Indian language写开启美国语言钥匙做美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南A Key into the Language of America or A Help to the language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England

Ⅲ Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor安妮·布莱德斯特爱德华·泰勒
两位清教徒写诗达相高水真正称诗作
1． Anne Dudley Bradstreet早期诗中风趣诗one of the most interesting of the early poets 1630年ArbellaMassachusetts文学创作抚养八子女家庭劳作繁重劳动进行
2． 第部作品姐夫交伦敦出版商the title of this collection of poems in classical allusion(喻方法)美洲诞生第十谬斯The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America诗歌中传奇事点言实日常琐事叙述相高超poetic ventures were overambitious but wrote well when dealt with the simple events of her daily life
3． Edward Taylor清教徒诗中杰出位the best of the Puritan poets 作品遵循十七世纪中期杰出诗风格形式his work followed they style and forms of the leading English poets of the midseventeenth century部分作品关宗教部分诗歌直接赞美诗基础进行创作most of Taylor’s work treated religious themes with many poems based directly on the Psalms
世时没出版作品1937年发现手稿1960年泰勒诗歌全集

Part Ⅱ The Literature of Reason And Revolution理性革命时期文学
1． 托马斯·佩常识 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
托马斯·杰弗逊独立宣言 Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence
2． 济方面英国求美出口原材料英国购回高成机器they hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country
3． 政治方面求英国政府统理交种税收议会中没代表by ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the colonies without giving them representation in Parliament
4． 美独立战争持续八年（17761783）The War for Independence
诺亚·韦伯斯特（Noah Webster）说：文化独立艺术著名
5．文学独立代表作：
1785年杰弗逊：弗吉尼亚洲声明Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia
1791年巴特姆：旅行笔记 Travels by Bartram

Ⅰ Benjamin Franklin 杰明·富兰克林17061790
殖民时期作家独立战争前惟杰出美国作家in the colonial period the only good American author before the Revolutionary War
1． 出生波士顿Boston创办半岛公报17321758出版穷理查德年鉴Poor Richard’s Almanac collocation of proverbs
2． 建立秘密俱乐部the Junto informal discussion of scientific economic and political ideals建立图书馆创办宾夕法尼亚学商业成功科学贡献卓越政治贡献磨灭successful in business renowned in science also served his nation brilliantly协助杰弗逊起草独立宣言aided Jefferson in writing The Declaration of Independence法国谈判获援助作议会代表起草美国宪法Constitution
3． 美国第位作家the first major writer非表达力简洁明点幽默位讽刺天as an author he had power of expression simplicity a subtle humor He was also sarcastic
4． 作品收录传Autobiography编辑美国第份殖民杂志General Magazine
年青国家说损失his shadow lies heavier than any other man’s on this young nation
5． 教材作品传The Autobiography

Ⅱ Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩（17371809）
1． 称类（Great Commoner of Mankind）美国著名政治册子作家pamphleteer
2． 1762年税务官职务employed as an excise officer 1772年收税官案子The Case of the Officers of the Excise第部政治性册子 1774年富兰克林写介绍信an ingenious worthy young man美国费城Philadelphia edited the Pennsylvania Magazine and contributed to the Pennsylvania Journal 政治讽刺天a political satirist of genius
3． 1776年1月10日his famous pamphlet Common Sense appeared 常识署名By an Englishman书中胆拥护独立宣言张it boldly advocated a Declaration for Independence成美国独立革命思想代言became forthwith the most articulate spokesman of the American Revolution
4． 17761783美国危机American Crisis signed Common Sense was a series of sixteen pamphlets第篇1776年黑色12月出版册子部队中广泛传阅极恢复士气鼓舞民兵斗志增强胜利信心was read at once to all regiments it restored the morale and inspired the success of that citizen’s army 篇1783年12月9日出版
5． 战争结束perfecting the model of an iron bridge without piers
(17911792)权Rights of Man拥护卢梭理念号召推翻英国君制not only championed Rousseau’s doctrines of freedom but also suggested the overthrow of the British monarchy
6． 法国反绞死路易十六反恐怖统治入狱 he opposed the execution of Louis XVI and the Reign of Terror was imprisoned
理性时代The Age of Reason17941795部然神作品张宗教观念理性：a deistic treatise advocating a rationalistic view of religion 部作品1797土公Agrarian Justice
7． 教材作品：美国危机：The American Crisis

Ⅲ Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰弗逊（17431826）
1． 美国历史广泛影响物his thought and personality have influenced his countryman more deeply and remained more effectively alive富兰克林样具道义精神vigorous humanitarian sympathies启蒙运动产物a product of the Enlightenment领域兴趣：law philosophy education science mechanics…
2． 全力美国寻找条路：where the people might have a fresh start toward liberty selfhood 作文义注重身德行力重世俗中特权a humanist looked to merit and ability alone not to privilege法律保障生俱权利the natural rights of man must be secured by law inalienably for all irrespective of station 政府必魔鬼政府普遍赞合法目谋福利压榨剥削民政府须民提供言思想结社出版信仰教育创业等government a necessary evil found sanction only in the common consent of a social contract its purpose was the benefit of the individual not his exploitation it must provide freedom of speech thought association press worship education and enterprise
3． 1776年约翰·亚斯杰明·富兰克林罗杰·谢尔曼罗伯特·R·利文斯顿起起草独立宣言with John Adams Benjamin Franklin Roger Sherman and Robert R Livingston he drafted the Declaration of Independence
4． 17901793华盛顿阁中第国务卿as the first American secretary of state 1800起担两届美国总统
5． 收藏万册书卖政府建立国会图书馆（the Library of Congress）1819 年开始创建弗吉尼亚学担第校长
6． 1826年世正值独立宣言签署50周年the fiftieth anniversary of The Declaration of Independence
7． 教材作品：独立宣言(1776年7月4日)：The Declaration of Independence

Ⅳ Philip Freneau 菲利浦·弗瑞诺（17521832）
1． 革命战争期杰出作家perhaps the most outstanding writer of the PostRevolutionary period 位诗政治方面新闻记者double role as poet and political journalist作品形式新古典义类质属浪漫义类he was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit讽刺说家伤感作家道义者was also at once a satirist and a sentimentalist a humanitarian 美国革命诗（the poet of the Revolution）美国诗歌父（Father of American Poetry）
2． 1770年第1部作品想象力量（The Power of Fancy）1775年出版关讽刺英国作品认as a satirist of the British
3． 1776年出版夜屋（The House of Night）哥特式说the Gothic mood F·L·帕蒂称美国听第部真正浪漫义作品中圣诞老美the first distinctly romantic note heard in America and The Beauties of Santa Cruz作品中社会抗议然赞美期作品采种风格blending the praise of nature with social protest in his characteristic later manner
4． 1781写名诗英国囚船(The British Prison Ship)首抨击色彩诗作揭露英国俘虏血腥残忍a good piece of invective reveals the rigors and brutality of his captivity继续英国进行情抨击辛辣讽刺continuing to hurl his vitriol at the British in many poems
5． 1786年早期作品收录战争期弗瑞诺诗歌集The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War
6． 1788 年出板札记Miscellaneous Works 1791 年创办国家公报抗联邦公报with Jefferson’s support National Gazette campaigned against the opinions of the Gazette of the United States edited by John Fenno (Supported by Hamilton)
7． 认美国政府中名勇敢斗士has only recently been recognized as a courageous champion of American popular government 作诗预示美国文学独立as a poet Freneau heralded American literary independence 期诗歌早期华丽偶句诗歌形成鲜明期形成然简洁言物风格in contrast with the ornate style of his early couplets he later developed a natural simple and concrete diction
8． 教材作品：野忍冬花： The Wild Honey Suckle
印第安坟： The Indian Burying Ground
致凯提·迪德： To a CatyDid

Part Ⅲ The Literature of Romanticism浪漫义文学
1 1828年安德鲁·杰克逊选7th 总统标志着美国总统中弗吉尼亚王结束 the frontier hero Andrew Jackson as the 7th President of the United States had brought an effective end to the Virginia Dynasty of American Presidents 1861年开始Civil War
2 美国逐步成工业化城市化国家科技创造量物质财富时加剧社会动荡the United States had begun to change into an industrial cause society technology would bring vast material benefits and cause overwhelming social disorders
3 段时间部分作家思想受新陆身处环境欧洲早期浪漫义思潮双重影响The attitudes of America’s writers were shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantics traditions of Europe
4 浪漫义点romantics shared certain general characteristics注重道德强调义价值观直觉感觉认然美源头类社会腐败源moral enthusiasm faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption
6． 超验义（1830s—the Civil War）：讲究逻辑讲究系统强调超越理性感受超越法律世俗束缚表达相信精神超越相信善力量强调善万物源万物善部分as a moral philosophy transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized It exalted feeling over reason individual expression over the restraints of law and custom They believed in the transcendence of the Oversoul an allpervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part
7． 美国早期文学形式说教类宣言类作品长篇说短篇事诗歌取代成时期文学形式novels short stories and poems replaced sermons and manifestos as America’s principal literary forms
8． From the early 1800s to the civil war 美国充满矛盾国家种精神幻想日益强烈物质义现实需求美国生生活艺术开始努力寻找新理念社会突极端想法血腥国战争中达顶峰was a land of paradoxes a land stirred by spiritual dreams and shaped by the realities of a growing materialism Americans had sought new liberties and new ideas in life and art but conflicts of their society had culminated in a bloody civil war

Ⅰ Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文17831859
1 美国第位浪漫义散文文体作家众化风格was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism familiar style
2 作品简单明绝业余作家淡味始终作品格特征结合起作品中量表现出性the apparent ease of his writing is not simply that of the gifted amateur it results from his purposeful identification of his whole personality with what he wrote温文尔雅放眼世界幽默谦虚气优雅写作风格美国土特点进行机结合形成风格he was urbane and worldly yet humorous and gentle his great and graceful style combine with American roots shaped his independent literary personality第折扣纯文学作家写作纯快乐创造快乐he was the first great belletrist writing always for pleasure and to produce pleasure
3 18191820第部见闻札记现代文学史第部短篇说美国第部伟青少年文学读物历史传说作娱乐形式写众化散文引入美国his Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature to write good history and biography as literary entertainment He introduced the familiar essay to America 短篇说极激发世界国进步解美国民生活兴趣 his bestknown stories awakened an interest in the life of American regions
4 19岁发表乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔讽刺作品纽约生活进行讽刺Jonathan Oldstyle satires of New York lif
5 1809年迪德里奇·尼克博克名字出版纽约外史轻松欢快滑稽戏形式讲出早期荷兰殖民者美洲殖民时真实历史成幽默作品中典A History of New York by Diedrich Knickerbocker a rollicking burlesque of a current serious history of the early Dutch settlers has become a classic of humor
6 1822年布雷斯布里奇庄园Bracebridge Hall
7 1824年旅行者事带德国浪漫义风格 Tales of Traveller has the flavor of the German romanticism
8 美国剧作家演员约翰·佩恩创作著名社会喜剧查理二世（快乐君） in Paris he with John Howard Payne wrote the brilliant social comedy Charles the Second or The Merry Monarch
9 1828克里斯托弗·哥伦布生航海历史A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus
10 1829格拉纳达征服编年史A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada
11 1831哥伦布伴航海发现Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus
1832阿尔罕布拉Alhambra 1832年西班牙征服传说收录1835年见闻札记中Legends of the Conquest of Spain(in the Crayon Miscellany)
12 陆续出版系列西部传奇事1835草原游记1836阿斯托里亚1837博纳维尔船长历险记 western adventures as A Tour on the Prairies Astoria and The Adventures of Captain Bonneville
13 1840奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯Life of Oliver Goldsmith
18551859乔治·华盛顿传Life of George Washington
14．教材作品：作者叙：The Author’s Account of Himself
睡谷传奇：The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Ⅱ James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀17891851
1．美国第位着胆识走文坛著名说家the first important American novelist began his literary career on a dare
2．1821年第二部说间谍获极成功部引入胜探险类事事件发生美国独立战争期间The Spy was successful it was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War
3．库珀开创两种流传极广说体裁边疆传奇说海传奇说 Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga 1824年领航者成功The Pilot the best of his many sea romances 1839年写第部美国式正官方历史美国海军 he wrote the first official history of the US Navy
4．库珀边疆说皮袜子事集5部说组成历时18年18231841杀鹿者莫希干探路拓荒者草原阿伦·文斯（历史学家）认五部说迄止美国接史诗部作his frontier stories Leather Stocking Tales including five novels The Deerslayer The Last of the Mohicans The Pathfinder The Pioneers The Prairie Allan Nevins calls these five novels the nearest approach yet to an American epic通物描写作者记录时美国思想意识欧洲意识美国with a vast group of supporting characters virtuous or villainous Cooper made the American conscious of his past and made the European conscious of American
5．教材作品：莫希干：The Last of the Mohicans

Ⅲ William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特17941878
1 1817年伟史诗死思考（希腊语）致认时美国杰出篇诗作the stately poem called Thanatopsis (Greek meaning view of death) introduced the best poet to appear in American up to that time
2 仅诗坛享极高声新闻界重量级新闻物时杰出编辑积极支持言贸易等张张废奴隶制apart from his fames as a poet Bryant merits a reputation as one of the great editors of American journalism He supported such causes as free speech free trade and the abolition of slavery
3 致水鸟巅峰作美国英语写作完美短诗To a Waterfowl is perhaps the peak of his work Most perfect brief poem in the language
4 期韵诗形式翻译伊利亚特奥德赛his most important later works are his translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey into English blank verse
5 欧文作品预示美国散文时代时布莱恩特欧洲读者证实美国诗歌达相高水第获美国诗称号作家As Irving had shown that American prose had come of age so Bryant demonstrated to European readers that American poetry was ready to demand serious attention He was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet
6 教材作品：死思考：Thanatopsis
致水鸟：To a Waterfowl

Ⅳ Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·阿伦·坡18091849
1 1833年次说赛中金瓶子城方德先生获奖he won a contest with his story Ms Found in a Bottle Then he got a job as editor with the Southern Literary Messenger ( 南方文学信)坡充分展示作编辑诗文学评家说作家杰出showed his true talents as an editor a poet a literary critic and a writer of fiction
2 发表鄂榭府崩溃记The Fall of the House of Usher
3 1840 年第部短篇说集述异集his first collection of short stories Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
4 1845 年诗集乌鸦出版The Raven was published as the title poem of a collection 欧洲坡称作诗歌说二种文学创作风格探路者法国文坛作家影响特深远in Europe he was hailed as a pioneer in poetic and fictional techniques His influence was especially strong on many French writers
5 教材作品：海伦：To Helen
乌鸦： The Raven
安娜贝尔·李 Annabel Lee
鄂榭府崩溃记The Fall of the House of Usher

Ⅴ Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔·爱默生18031882
1． 超验义思想引入新英格兰先驱作超验义运动领袖he was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England and was recognized throughout his life as the leader of the movement 爱默生首先强调义思想独立强 he believed above all in individualism independence of mind and selfreliance崇尚英勇忌讳变化突思想he admired courage he was not afraid of changing or clashing ideas
2． 1836 年出版第书然Nature 真正功成名益两次学术演讲美国学者神学院致辞The American Scholar and The Divinity School Address 许演讲收录笔集中演讲中重著作1850年代表1856年英国1847年诗集问世 Many of his lectures were later distilled into his famous Essays Among his most important works are Representative Men and English Traits His Poems appeared in 1847
3． 认诗作缺乏诗形式语太粗糙诗歌受高度评价样工整韵律动形象艺术品样非常适合现代读者口味in his day Emerson’s poems were criticized for their lack of form and polish In recent years hower his poetry has received high praise His harsh rhythms and striking images appeal to many modern readers as artful techniques
4． 散文诗歌样极富性许笔日记中词条演讲中容笔记里东西等整理出作品缺乏较组织结构然构句水相高超推敲句子仅思想深刻难忘怀his prose style is sometimes as highly individual as his poetry Many of his essays were put together from his journal entries speeches and random notes and they are often somewhat disorganized Yet his skill in polishing each sentence into a striking thought makes his writing memorable
5． 美国学者称知识分子独立宣言 our intellectual Declaration of Independence
6． 教材作品：然：Nature
助：SelfReliance

Ⅵ Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗18171862
1． 爱默生忠实信徒爱默生许理付诸实践he was Emerson’s truest disciple who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories
2． 1854年梭罗根沃尔登湖畔居住两年历写出名作沃尔登Walden the superb book came out of his twoyear’s residence at Walden Pond 部书中阐释体验种生活原认星期工作天剩六天时间思索认类心灵助独立重应该发现生活方式he explained many of the beliefs that led him to try this kind of life He thought it better for a man to work one day a week and the rest of the week could be devoted to thought For Thoreau as for Emerson selfreliance and independence of mind ranked above all each should find out his own way of living
3． 1849年根1846年坐监历写著名笔民反抗文章中梭罗阐述观点政府压力应该违背良知From his experience in jail came his famous essay Civil Disobedience which stated Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government
4． 教材作品：沃尔登 生活方生活：Walden Where I Lived and What I Lived For

Ⅶ Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑18041864
1．七尖角阁房子讲述作者家族段历史 The House of the Seven Gables deals with the effects of a curse and though the tale itself is fiction the germ of the story sprang from the author’s family history
2．通观察聆听谈话获创作素材听家讲新英格兰口头事民间传说种鬼怪趣事Hawthorne gathered his material by observing and listening to others whose talk was filled with New England Lore legend and superstition
3．海关楼 The Custom House
1852年福谷浪漫史The Blithedale Romance
1846年完成宏篇巨著古厦青苔splendid stories called Mosses from an Old Manse
1860年创作出宝石神The Marble Faun
5． 霍桑独特表现够通极具象征意义事触摸类灵魂深处道德品质例证便波士顿清教徒引娱红字说字幅画面事件够达特定效果讲述关罪事罪影响获拯救事Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston The Scarlet Letter In this novel each word image and event works toward a single effect It is a complex story of guilt its effects upon various persons and how deliverance is obtained for some of them
6． 短篇说中通活生生极象征意味想象体现类社会重道德问题his ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appear strongly in his short stories霍桑杰出处事安放设置正义标准中讲述书中讲正义标准成时道德参考it was Hawthorne’s ability to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol 霍桑埃德加·阿伦·坡称美国短篇说现代艺术师创作独二说形式样Hawthorne shares with Edgar Allan Poe the distinction of advancing the art of the short story giving to the form qualities that are uniquely American霍桑麦尔维尔样采讲事手法探讨生活意义 to Hawthorne and Melville hower the telling of a tale was a way of inquiring into the meaning of life
7． 作品：伊桑·布兰德伙子布朗海德格博士体验野心勃勃客巨石脸Ethan Brand Young Goodman Brown Dr Heidegger’s Experiment The Ambitious Guest The Great Stone Face
8． 教材作品：红字：The Scarlet Letter

Ⅷ Herman Melville赫尔曼·麦尔维尔18191891
1．白鲸讲述追捕想象中神秘白鲸漫长海事书达象征义手法创作高峰种写法强烈吸引现社会读者 Moby Dick a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale The book is steeped in symbolism another strong appeal to readers of his century
2．1846年泰皮出版称食族生活 Typee became known as the man who lived among cannibals 1847年续集欧穆样获成功Omoo
1849年雷德Bedburn
1850年白外衣WhiteJacket
1891年利·伯德Billy Budd
3．两部哲学性说玛皮埃尔two other philosophical novels Mardi Pierre 代笔者巴特贝诗歌风味短篇事Bartleby the Scrivener 两短篇说班托·西兰尼利·伯德（部）two celebrated short novels Benito Cereno and Billy Budd 利·伯德白鲸样运船象征社会苦苦追寻探讨类善恶问题船社会缩影里面种样物uses a ship as symbol of society and searchingly examines the problems of good and evil Ahab’s ship was like a world in miniature with characters from all walks of life
4．教材作品：白鲸：Moby Dick

Ⅸ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗18071882
1．18331835创作完成散文浪漫作品海外记游his prose romance OutreMer
2．海华沙中采芬兰民间事写作手法追忆美洲印第安传说using Finish folk meter in his celebration of American Indian Legends in Hiawatha成诗歌成写种文学体裁his greatest virtue is that he made poetry seem worth reading and worth writing
3．1838年第部诗集名夜吟Longfellow’s first collection of poems entitled Voices of the Night
1839年浪漫散文作品许珀里翁出版Hyperion the prose romance
1841年歌谣Ballads and other Poems
1842年奴隶制度诗篇Poems on Slavery
1847年诗歌伊吉林Evangeline
1855年海华沙歌Song of Hiawatha
1858年迈克尔·斯坦狄什求婚The Courtship of Miles Standish
戏剧作品迈克尔·安吉洛dramatic work Michael Angelo
翻译作品神曲翻译成高Divine Comedy
4．作品：金星号遇难生礼赞精益求精乡村铁匠逝青春
The Wreck of the Hesperus A Psalm of Life Excelsior The Village Blacksmith My Lost Youth
5．朗费罗世安葬威斯敏斯特教堂诗角美国惟获殊荣诗诗歌高雅宜纯正韵味受欢迎after his death he became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s corner of Westminster Abbey The gentleness sweetness and purity for which his poetry was popular during his lifetime
6．教材作品：生礼赞：A Psalm of Life
奴隶梦：The Slave’s Dream
逝青春My Lost Youth
海华沙歌 海华沙禁食The Song of Hiawatha Hiawatha’s Fasting


PartⅣ The Literature Of Realism现实义文学
1 美国国战争Civil War 18611865美国现实义文学：寻找描写美国真实生活方法声称事件重遥运事件样艺术创作源泉they sought to portray American life as it really was insisting that the ordinary and local were as suitable for artistic portrayal as the magnificent and the remote
2 现实义词源法语realisme 种文学原强调描写生活强调真实性现实性Realism had originated in France as realisme a literary doctrine that called for reality and truth in the depiction of ordinary life 现实义求创作素材绝真实夸张缩William Dean Howells(豪厄斯) defined realism as nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material反表现失意绝类苍白力说强调现实义作品发掘出生活中微笑方面美国坚信国家充满希什奇迹发生国家作文学应该特征表现出he spoke out against the writing of a bleak fiction of failure and despair He called for the treatment of the Smiling aspects of life as being the more American insisting that American was truly a land of hope and of possibility that should be reflected in its literature
3 美国现实义文学总体说生活表面现象进行乐观处理局限然伟现实义师亨利·詹姆斯马克·吐温摆脱十九世纪美国进行肤浅描写局限詹姆斯作品中物性心理进行深度探讨运深厚复杂写作方式复杂历进行揣摩马克·吐温破乡土说狭窄局限前未描述广阔美国生活the bulk of America’s literary realism was limited to optimistic treatment of the surface of life Yet the greatest of America’s realists Henry James and Mark Twain moved well beyond a superficial portrayal of nineteenthcentury America James probed deeply into the individual psychology of his characters writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience Mark Twain breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before or since
4 美国新现实义然义师崇尚粉饰太写作方法设法力客观真实展现出受环境出身局限层民种济阶层物真正生活强调世界非道德性认没意志生活状况受生活环境出身局限认宗教真理虚幻类世俗现实生活痛苦死亡切烟消云散naturalism a new and harsher realism America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness presenting characters of low social and economic classed who were dominated by their environment and heredity the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral that men and women had no free will that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment that religious truths were illusory that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death

Ⅰ Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼18191892
1 美国文学史极重具创新精神作家草叶集中系列诗歌美国文学史第部真正史诗one of the great innovators in American literature In the cluster of poems he called Leaves of Grass he gave America its first genuine epic poem创造种诗体做诗种诗歌中没固定节拍没规律韵脚惠特曼认传统格律诗适合表达民声the poetic style he devised is now called free versethat is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme Whitman thought that the voice of democracy should not be haltered by traditional forms of verse
2 1855年出版草叶集第部中部分作品表达题类然部分诗歌描写令作者痴迷纽约少量诗歌战进行描写诗歌中惠特曼种具民思想普通社会层体理念机结合起most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature However a small number of very good poems deal with New York the city that fascinated Whitman and with the Civil War In his poetry Whitman combined the ideal of the democratic common man and that of the rugged individual 诗重新进行定义认诗英雄救世先知诗通真理表达引导众in his poetry Whiman combined the ideal of the democratic common man and that of the rugged individual He envisioned the poet as a hero a savior and a prophet one who leads the community by his expressions of the truth
3 教材作品：歌：Song of Myself
坐眺着：I Sit and Look Out
敲呀敲呀鼓啊：DrumTaps Beat Beat Drums

Ⅱ Emily Dickinson爱米丽·狄金森18301886
1 诗歌古怪简洁做众流行诗概念保持惊冷漠通件具体家庭事种闲适生活阐明事理描写成令痴迷诗歌she wrote her whimsical darting verse with sublime indifference to any notion of being a democratic or popular poet Her work illustrated the fact that one could take a single household and an inactive life and make enchanting poetry out of it
2 姐姐终身未嫁直住起1862年完全世隔绝生活没离开家乡没朋友聚会狄金森世隔绝受桩满爱情影响源独特性源世隔绝愿诗歌没受生活局限相反诗歌极富创造性想象力she and her sister remained at home and did not marry After 1862 she became a total recluse not leaving her house nor seeing even close friends Her later retirement from the world though perhaps affected by an unhappy love affair seems mainly to have resulted from her own personality from a desire to separate herself from the world The range of her poetry suggests not her limited experiences but the power of her creativity and imagination
3 世时发表仅七首诗爱米丽没时标准修改作品意出版作品Emily however refused to revise her poems to fit the standards of others and took no interest in having them published in fact she had only seven poems published during her lifetime
4 诗歌富激情诗歌短诗建立简单意象象征狄金森抒情诗歌中生活中部分重事件进行探讨Emily Dickinson’s poetry comes out in bursts The poems are short many of them being based on a single image or symbol But within her little lyrics Miss Dickinson writes about some of the most important things in life
5 教材作品：品味未酿造饮料：I taste a liquor never brewed
意识场葬礼：I Felt a Funeral in My Brain
鸟着径：A Bird came Down the Walk
美死：I Died for Beautybut Was Scarce
听苍蝇嗡嗡声死时：I Heard a Fly Buzzwhen I died
等候死神：Because I Could not Stop for Death

Ⅲ Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽雅特·彻·斯托18111896
1 出生名门父亲莱曼名牧师父亲家手遮天非常专横兄妹非常严厉希家里男孩子成传教士女孩子够嫁传教士she was born into a respectable family that was to become famous her father Lyman was a renowned clergyman The family was dominated by the father who ruled with the kind of wrathful severity that he imagined were the chief characteristics of the God he worshiped and feared The boys were expected to become preachers the girls to marry preachers
2 1851年6月5日系列说汤姆叔叔屋第集民族时代专栏开始连载1852年4月1日集刊登完成the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin or The Man That Was a Thing began serially in the National Era on June 5 1851 and the last installment appeared on April 1 1852
3 部说翻译成40种文字全球数百万计广泛阅读部说成功源该作品倾注作者两公受痛苦压迫深刻感受作者解放奴隶决心感动Since then has been published in some forty languages and has been read by millions of people around the world The power of the novel unquestionably comes from the investment of the author’s sense of her own suffering and oppression (as well as her determination to be free) in the characters of Tom and his fellow slave Eliza the protagonists of the book’s two main plots
4 汤姆叔叔屋题解A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin with documented case histories to support what she had portrayed fictionally 1856年德雷德阴暗沼事Dred A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp attempt to repeat the theme and extend the argument of her masterpiece that a society resting on slavery could not long survive
5 教材作品：汤姆叔叔屋：Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Ⅳ Mark Twain 马克·吐温18351910
1 原名Samuel Langhorne Clemens 塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯1847年父亲世开始家出版社学徒工1853年开始全国旅行期间做印刷排字时工结识船长霍勒斯·克斯便开始水生活his formal education ended soon after his father’s death in 1847 when he became a printer’s apprentice From 1853 he traveled widely as a journeyman printer in the eastern states and in the west he met Horace Bixby the captain of the boat and turned to a career on the river国战争爆发离开密西西河先军队志愿者华达州掏金做木材投机生意新闻记者he left the Mississippi at the outbreak of the Civil War and became in swift succession and army volunteer a goldprospector in Nevada a timber speculator and a journalist
2 弗吉尼亚企业杂志职期间开始笔名马克·吐温意口寻十二尺深while working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise he adopted the pseudonym Mark Twain the way of a boatman taking soundings and meaning two fathoms ie twelve feet
3 1865年第书跳蛙出版Jumping Frog
1869年傻子国外旅行记Innocents Abroad
1872年艰苦岁月Roughing It
1873年镀金时代The Gilded Age
1876年汤姆·索亚历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
1883年密西西河生活Life on the Mississippi
1884年哈克贝里·费恩历险记Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
1894年傻瓜威尔逊Pudd’nhead Wilson
1900年败坏哈德莱堡The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg
1906年什？What is Man
1916年神秘客The Mysterious Stranger
4 晚年悲观失十九世纪美国社会价值观接受直坚定怀疑者时通时事恶毒评疏缓压力晚景凄凉亲相继离he pointed towards his uneasy acceptance of the values of nineteenthcentury American society he wrote three works expressing his acute pessimism From that time until his death he maintained a bitter skepticism relieved at times by outraged commentary on world affairs His last years were saddened by personal bereavement
5 教材作品：汤姆·索亚历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Ⅴ O Henry 欧·亨利 18621910
原名威廉·悉尼·波特（笔名欧·亨利）William Sidney Porter
1 撰写事特感兴趣安斯利杂志出版便邀请纽约专门写稿he wrote stories for different magazines and when there came a big demand for his stories the publishers of Ainslee’s Magazing invited him to come to New York
2 欧·亨利写事部分讲纽约穷苦生活写方类似辛酸生活讲述事般短情节安排巧妙引入胜事幽默趣结果出意料事中许俚语方性语言表达美国外读者理解容困难表达方式作者种特色够事中物场景结合起Many of his stories tell about the lives of poor people in New York as well as in other places his works abound in goodnatured humor His stories are usually short the plots are exceedingly clever and interesting humor abounds and the end is always surprising Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions that make them hard to be understood by people outside of America Such forms of speech are used to give what is called local to make the stories fit in with the characters and scenes described
3 欧·亨利认十分谦虚害羞喜交成名样His own estimate of himself was always a very modest one and he was shy and retiring in the presence of friends yet his fame
4 说集四百万his best volume The Four Million 单部说：旧知麦珙礼物市政报告没讲完事月亮女神吝啬爱装饰房间his best individual stories Retrieved Reformation The Gift of the Magi A Municipal Report An Unfinished Story Phoebe A Lickpenny Lover The Furnished Room
5 教材作品：警察赞美诗：The Cop and the Anthem

Ⅵ Henry James亨利·詹姆斯18431916
1 部分教育家里完成全家欧洲频繁旅行接受教育重源泉he received the major part of his education at home his family’s travels in Europe were another source of education for Henry
2 1871年第部说观察守护Watch and Ward
1875年罗德里克·赫德森Roderick Hudson
1877年美国讲述国际性话题书中认美国丰富彩欧洲生活相显没底蕴The American with its international theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity of European life
1878年达西·密勒评该作品美国姑娘嘲弄正部作品首次获国际声誉Daisy Miller which one American critic described as an outrage to American girlhood but which brought James his first international fame
1881年贵妇画早期作品中部The Portrait of a Lady the finest example of James’s early work
3 第二创作时期作品：
1886年波士顿The Bostonians
1886年卡萨玛西玛公The Princess Casamassima
1890年悲惨缪斯The Tragic Muse
4 第三阶段作品：
1902年鸽翼The Wings of the Dove
1903年The Ambassadors
1904年金碗The Golden Bowl
时写法日趋成熟灵活许评家声称阶段 exemplify the mature and formidable style of a third literary period which critics have come to praise as The Major Phase
5 豪厄斯样影响时世接段时间里祖国批语物情感塑造较封闭狭物社会范围较限遭时评家功击阶段创作作品晦涩难懂风格气遭时嘲讽实读者提出更高求步心灵感应作品中微妙处求读者受教育样求读者作者样慌忙慢慢咀嚼Unlike Howells James’s greatest influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed He had been attacked for criticizing his native land and for the narrow emotional and social range of his characters And he had been ridiculed for the obscure and costive style of his final period a style that was able to express the subtlest meanings but was based on the assumption that the reader was as well educated as exquisitely attuned and in as little hurry as the author
6 原说种新闻形式讲述浪漫事说转变成社会环境中面种种突进行深刻转变文学形式心理感受进行反映种文学形式定义感受高形式helping to transform the novel from its alliances with journalism and romantic storytelling into an art form of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting society chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the highest form of experience
7 教材作品：贵妇画：The Portrait of A Lady

Ⅶ Jack London杰克·伦敦18761916
1 极端贫困中长时候开始事低贱危险工作生存尝生活艰辛定决心通学提高生活状况方面he grew up in extreme poverty from earliest youth he supported himself with menial and dangerous jobs experiencing profoundly the struggle for survival
2 1900年第事集狼子：The Son of the Wolf
1903年荒野呼唤：The Call of the Wild
1903年深渊中The People of the Abyss
1904年海狼The Sea Wolf
1905年附级斗争The War of the Classes
1906年白牙White Fang
1908年铁蹄The Iron Heel
1909年纯传说马丁·伊登部作品研究杰克·伦敦核心学术文献 Martin Eden a central document for London scholars
1910年革命Revolution
作品生活法The Law of Life
3 说中受接受住时间考验关强者弱者间原始动心魄较量描写类作品直久衰总惯场景放抗力骇海北极荒野等背景描写the most enduringly popular of his stories involved the primitive (and melodramatic) struggle of strong and weak individuals in the context of irresistible natural forces such as the wild sea or the arctic wastes
4 伦敦创作然中生存抗争关类说继续全球受欢迎作品中伦敦切表面现象予剥离直剩赤裸裸梦直原始质朴种质朴具古代神话中怪异震憾力量London’s stories of man in and against nature continue to be popular all over the world In them London strips everything down to the symbolic starkness of dream to a primordial simplicity that has the strange and compelling power of ancient myth
5 教材作品：海狼The Sea Wolf
马丁·伊登Martin Eden

Ⅷ Theodore Dreiser西奥·德莱塞18711945
全名西奥·赫尔曼·阿尔伯特·德莱塞Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser
1 母亲里学会善幼心里滋生弱者情心理父亲里继承注重道德品质面失败失绝时表现出坚强屈意志from his mother he seems to have absorbed a quality of compassionate wonder from his father he seems to have inherited moral earnestness and the capacity to persist in the face of failure disappointment and despair
2 德莱塞年幼时生活非常幸贫穷生活稳定家庭年轻时德莱塞爱动稀里糊涂点害羞说中男女公样充满种稀奇古怪幻相实际教育部分生活历独立阅读独立思考Dreiser’s childhood was decidedly unhappy The large family moved from house to house in Indiana dogged by poverty insecurity and internal division Dreiser as a youth was as ungainly confused shy and full of vague yearnings as most of his fictional protagonists male and female his education was to come from experience and from independent reading and thinking
3 1900年第部说嘉莉妹妹说讲述嘉莉·米贝发迹G·W·赫兹伍德悲剧性陨落该书通物描写描绘时转型社会剧中物没悔心逃脱惩罚语较激烈 Sister Carrie which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G·W·Hurstwood It depicted social transgressions by characters who felt no remorse and largely escaped punishment and it used strong language and used names of living persons
4 成功短篇说尼吉尔·杰夫巴塞尔·洛格劳女his best short fictions Nigger Jeff and Butcher Rogaum’s Daughter
1910年珍妮姑娘Jannie Gerhardt
欲三部曲：1912年金融家1914年巨1947年斯葛作品通三部作品开始转变描述助悲惨公事转描写社会商业占支配位力 Trilogy of Desire The Financier The Titan The Stoic Dreiser shifted from the pathos of helpless protagonists to the power of those unusual individuals who assume dominant roles in business and society
5 1915年天Genius 1928年德莱塞访苏印象记Dreiser Looks at Russia
6 1925年出版恢宏成功说美国悲剧表达金钱万样题作者通传性生活环境社会现实工业化细节等交织成幅气势恢宏场面描写书中年轻公行方式获满足唯方式断获取财富果必助婚姻the identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreiser’s greatest and most successful novel An American Tragedy The Center of this immense novel’s thick texture of biographical circumstance social fact and industrial detail is a young man who acts as if the only way he can be truly fulfilled is by acquiring wealththrough marriage if necessary
7 教材作品：嘉莉妹妹：Sister Carrie

PartⅤTwentiethCentury Literature二十世纪文学
Ⅰ Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德18851972
1 埃兹拉·卢米斯·庞德Ezra Loomis Pound位非常具性诗传统令深刻胆创新熟练结合起he had a distinct poetic personality he combined a command of the older tradition with impressive and often daring originality位产笔作家断纽约伦敦巴黎杂志撰稿然作品汇集起便组成令兴奋文学世界坚持私扶持刚入道没什影响认前途文学艺术家重T·S·爱略特帮助he was a prolific essayist for the little magazines of New York London Paris which then constituted a large and exciting literary world He unselfishly and persistently championed the experimental and often unpopular artists Most important of all perhaps was the advice and encouragement which he gave to T·S· Eliot
2 庞德爱略特作品求读者熟悉古典作品包括意利英国文艺复兴时期作品特欧洲陆区文学包括法国象征义庞德保持作品艰深晦涩风格 both Pound and Eliot required of their readers a familiarity with the classics the productions of Italian and English Renaissance and specialized areas of Continental literature including the works of the French symbolists Pound’s continued to draw fundamentally upon his formidably recondite culture
3 塞克斯图·普罗佩提斯致敬Homage to Sextus Propertius 物（面具）Personae or Masks
1920年休·赛尔温·毛伯利作关战战争实质讽刺类代表作Hugh Selwyn Mauberley considered as a satire of the materialistic forces involved in World WarⅠ
1917年开始创作诗集截止1959年总首数已达109首点象丁神曲三部分组成结构较松散作品中公喜剧性神认类文明毁灭类三时期古时期复兴时期现代时期缺乏信 The Cantos began in 1917 by 1959 the numbered 109 poems The progressive series exceeding the proposed limit of one hundred poems are loosely connected cantos like Dante’s Divina Commedia in three sections but representing a comedy human not divine dealing with the wreck of civilizations by reason of the infidelity of mankind in the three epochsthe ancient world the Renaissance and the modern period
4 二战期间庞德代表意利政府运广播形式美国军队进行强烈谴责回国作美国公民叛国罪遭起诉法庭审查时判罪1958年叛国起诉撤消返回意利1972年判世during World War Ⅱ Pound on behalf of the Italian government conducted radio broadcasts beamed at the American troops He was returned to the United States as a citizen accused of treason but on examination he was declared insane After the treason charges were dismissed in 1958 Pound returned to Italy where he died in 1972
5 教材作品：台古钢琴：A Virginal
次致意：Salutation the Second
合：A Pact
铁站台In a Station of the Metro
长干行The RiverMerchant’s Wife A Letter

Ⅱ Edwin Arlington Robison埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊18691935
1 二十世纪产美国新代诗罗宾逊律诗形式镇背景创作部名蒂尔伯里镇诗集出生加德纳镇改名蒂尔伯里 one of the most productive of the new poets of the 20th century Gardiner later became Tilbury Town the title of an early collection of Robinson’s poetry and the background for a series of vivid character sketches in verse
2 罗宾逊凄凉贫穷中开始诗歌创作走诗路居住纽约环境差方时零工维持生活 Robison began his career as a poet in bleakness and poverty He lived in difficult circumstances in New York City working at various odd jobs 西奥·罗斯福总统知生活艰难情况1905年安排纽约海关开始担职员The President Theodore Roosevelt learning of the poet’s difficulties in 1905 gave Robinson a clerk’s job in the customhouse in New York
3 1904年克雷格舰长Captain Craig
4 1922 1925 1928年连续三次获普利策文学奖he was honored with the Pulitzer Prize in …
理查·珂利米尼弗·契维现实义创作取较范例Richard Cory and Miniver Cheevy are good example of his realistic attitudes
·琼生招斯特拉福德朋友部关莎士亚性格特点精彩评Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford a brilliant commentary on Shakespeare’s character
默林兰斯洛特特拉斯特拉姆关亚瑟王事作品隐藏性中缺点阴暗面进行深刻剖析出圆桌骑士团衰落直灭亡原 Merlin Lancelot Tristram were about Arthurian legends Robinson typically explored the dark hidden faults in human character that led to the decline and fall of the Round Table
5 教材作品：山古屋：The House on the Hill
理查·珂利：Richard Cory
米尼弗·契维：Miniver Cheevy

Ⅲ Robert Frost罗伯特·弗洛斯特18741963
1 世时弗洛斯特已成美国民族诗翘首四次获普利策奖美国国会通庆祝生日议案87岁高龄时美国总统约翰·F·肯尼迪职仪式中念首诗歌by the end of his life he had become a national bard he won four Pulitzer Prizes the United States Senate passed resolutions honoring his birthdays and when he was eightyseven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F· Kennedy
2 1912年决定闯荡文坛航海英国1913年伦敦出版第诗集男孩意志in 1912 he decided to venture everything on a literary career He sailed for England 1913 in London his first book A Boy’s Will was published
3 1914年第二部诗集波士顿北回美国a second volume of poems North of Boston then Frost returned
1916年山陵Mountain Interval
1923年新罕布什尔New Hampshire
1928年河西流WestRunning Brook
1936年片农场A Further Range
1942年智慧树A Witness Tree
1947年绒毛锈线菊Steeple Bush
1962年空旷In the Clearing
4 弗洛斯特反时许诗歌改革原相反奉行旧瓶装新酒原采旧形式表达新容采新英格兰乡村朴实语特偏传统抒情类叙事类短精悍格式作然义诗明显作品中体现浪漫义作家风格然喻象征穷宝藏作品中没宗说教冥想玄思诗歌浅显明常探讨黑暗中神秘宇宙万物中种荒凉嘈杂风景实类身居住世界外种表现世界复杂助孤寂Frost had rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporanes choosing instead the oldfashioned way to be new He employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short traditional forms of lyric and narrative As a poet of nature he had obvious affinities with romantic writers He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol but he had little faith in religious dogma or speculative thought His poetry for all its apparent simplicity often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where men stand alone unaided and perplexed
5 教材作品：摘罢苹果：After ApplePicking
没走路：The Road Not Taken
雪夜林边立：Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
部分：Departmental
设计：Design
数：The Most of It

Ⅳ Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡18781967
1 世时获极高评价成美国电视观众熟悉诗美国听读诗作吟唱民间事听讲述关林肯种奇闻轶事he lived to enjoy enormous popular acclaim by the end of his life he had become a familiar figure to national television audiences who listened to him read his poems sing folk ballads and relate anecdotes about Lincoln
2 前辈惠特曼样桑德保诗作描绘美国民生活方方面面描写草原西部东部风光现代城市作花边勾画出幅优美图景民粹义者激进观点出发桑德堡歌颂社会遗弃歌颂城市文明作出贡献移民普通老百姓歌颂工业文明化程中已逝存活 with the precedent of Whitman behind them they present a sweeping panorama of American life encompassing priairie eastern and western landscapes as well as vignettes of the modern city They celebrate from the standpoint of a Populist radical the lives of outcasts the contributions of immigrants and common people to urban culture and the occupations of those who have survived or been sacrificed in the rise of industrial civilization
3 1914年芝加哥诗集Chicago Poems
1918年剥玉米Cornhuskers
1920年烟钢Smoke and Steel
1922年太阳烧灼西方石板Slabs of the Sunburnt West
诗作冰冷墓Cool Tombs 闪烁深红Flash Crimson
1936年民People Yes
1927年美国歌谣汇编The American Songbag
1919年芝加哥种族动乱The Chicago Race Riots
路特拜事集The Rootabaga Stories (for Children)
4 1929摄影家斯泰肯1932年玛丽·林肯二部传记性质作品his biographies Steichen the Photographer and Mary Lincoln 散文代表作亚拍拉罕·林肯部纪念性颂扬类传记His major work in prose was monumental and celebratory biography of Abraham Lincoln
5 教材作品：芝加哥：Chicago
港湾：The Harbor
雾：Fog
冰冷墓Cool Tombs
闪烁深红Flash Crimson
民The People Yes

Ⅴ Wallace Stevens华莱士·斯蒂文斯18791955
1 位极天分业余诗太注重文坛荣誉位更关注作品身种完美作品动机初源秩序理念秩序真理然宇宙天然致次序类体发现种致性特权Wallace Stevens created his poetry as a gifted nonprofessional less concerned about promoting his literary his literary reputation than about perfecting what he wrote His work is primarily motivated by the belief that ideas of order that is true ideas correspond with an innate order in nature and the universe and that it is the high privilege of individuals and mankind to discover this correspondence
2 1923年风琴Harmonium
1935年关秩序思想Ideas of Order
1937年带蓝吉The Man With the Blue Guitar
1942年世界部分Parts of a World
1947年入夏Transport to Summer
1950年秋天曙光The Auroras of Autumn
1951年必天Necessary Angel
1954年诗歌选集Collected Poems获国家图书奖普利策奖he received the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize
1957年遗著Opus Posthumous
1966年书信集Letters
作品：谐音Harmonium 星期六早晨Sunday Morning
3 作品滑稽新奇怪诞尝试种实验性写作风格作品中法式优雅奇异幻想古怪声音引入胜类深测书名等期作品中反映理想现实中交叉矛盾构造系列立冥想哲理成份越越作杰出文化精英作品时艰深时古奥承认作品建造座殿堂Stevens invoked the comic the strange the bizarre He adopted a variety of experimental styles created poetic surfaces of Frenchified elegance exotic imagery odd sounds curious analogies and inscrutable titles The problem of the interrelation between the ideal and the real became a constant theme in his later poetry and led him to elaborate a series of oppositions he became in his later work increasingly meditative and philosophical an intellectual elitist at times difficult and obscure who wrote as he admitted for a gallery of one’s own
4 教材作品：彼·昆士弹琴Peter Quince at the Clavier
坛子轶事：Anecdote of the Jar
冰淇淋皇帝：The Emperor of IceCream

Ⅵ Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·斯特恩斯·爱略特18881965
1948年诺贝尔奖（won the Nobel Prize in 1948）
1 1917年第诗集普鲁弗洛克观察his first book of poems Prufrock and Other Observations部分作品样部作品触性中软弱沮丧等弱点正确思索国家民宗教信仰等丧失like much of his later work it concerns various aspects of the frustration and enfeeblement of individual character as seen in perspective with the decay of states peoples and religious faith
2 1920年第四部诗集发行第首诗老头his fourth volume Poems with Gerontion as it’s leading poem published 1920年出版诗集圣林中收入篇杂文传统天文章中作者第次阐释审美观提出美学原理成现代评极效种评判标准知识情感体验融合程度集中程度爱略特判定诗歌坏标准in 1920 also appeared The Sacred Wood containing among other essays Tradition and the Individual Talent the earliest statement of his aesthetics The aesthetic principle which he first elaborated in this essay provided a useful instrument for modern criticism The degree to which fusion and concentration of intellects feeling and experience were achieved was Eliot’s criterion for judging the poem
3 荒原现代文学中典作品讲述题第次世界战启示荒原意味着西方文明衰落现代精神文化颓废采讽刺性量文学引该作品中作者创造种新文学形式相关题连续运动中构成交响效果 The Waste Land one of the major works of modern literature Its subject the apparent failure of western civilization which World War I seemed to demonstrate suggested the spiritual debility of the modern individual and his culture while in satirical counterpoint his Sweeney poems had symbolized the rising tide of anticultural infidelity and human baseness It used abundant of literary reference It also introduced a formthe orchestration of related themes in successive movements
4 1925年空心The Hollow Men
1930年灰星期三AshWednesday
1943年四四重奏Four Quartets
1924年第二卷评集德赖登致敬Homage to John Dryden his second volume of criticism
1932年萎缩争Sweeney Agonistes 耶利尔诗集Ariel Poems
1935年教堂凶杀案Murder in the Cathedral
1936年诗歌选集文集古代现代Collected Poems Collected Essays Ancient and Modern
1933年诗歌法评法The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism
1952年完美诗歌剧作The Complete Poems and Plays
5 戏剧作品：1939年家庭重聚The Family Reunion
1949年鸡尾酒会The Cocktail Part
1953年机秘书The Confidential Clerk
1958年政界元老The Elder Statesman
6 教材作品：J·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克情歌The Love Song of J·Alfred Prufrock
序曲Preludes
三贤哲旅程Journey of the Magi
空心 老盖伊文钱吧The Hollow Men A Penny for the Old Guy

Ⅶ F· Scott Fitzgerald F·司格特·菲茨杰拉德18961940
1 1920年第说间天堂This Side of Paradise取名声迎娶美泽达won success fame and Zelda 说描写美国躁动青年放荡意生活该作品商业立刻获极成功泽达菲茨杰拉德决心说中描述种放荡羁生活甚The book with its portrayal of the casual dissipations of flaming youth was an immediate commercial success and Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald attempted to live up toor even beyondhis fictional portraits of scandalous young men and women
2 第二说漂亮该死The beautiful and Damned
爵士时代事集Tales of the Jazz Age
蔬菜邮递员总统The Vegetable or from Postman to President
3 1925年起盖茨The Great Gatsby1934年夜色温柔Tender Is the Night两部说中菲茨杰拉德提示外表闪耀着天真时代中刺耳喧嚣运生动优雅散文揭露美国拜金义空虚表现美国爱情豪华生活种欲止境追求had revealed the stridency of an age of glittering innocence In vivid and graceful prose he had at the same time portrayed the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unending American dream of love splendor and fulfilled desires
4 教材作品：起盖茨The Great Gatsby

Ⅷ Ernest Hemingway厄恩斯特·海明威18991961
1954年现代叙述艺术精湛技巧获诺贝尔文学奖he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his mastery of the art of modern narration 1961年家杀
1 战中作美国法国救护队名志愿驾驶员军队服役转移意利前线受重伤 In World WarI he volunteered to serve as a driver for an American ambulance unit in France then transferred to duty on the Italian front where he was seriously wounded
2 极推动报告文学发展认报告文学句子结构简单语节制想象简练采受感情影响戏剧化语调he developed a spare tight reportorial prose based on simple sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary precise imagery and an impersonal dramatic tone
3 1923年第书三事十篇诗歌Three Stories and Ten Poems
4 1926年太阳样升起The Sun Also Rises 海明威逐渐成格特鲁特·斯泰说迷惘代代言 Hemingway became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called a lost generation
5 充斥现代社会生活中聊失败死亡等海明威时做出消极评种生虚义观点进行修改反复运坚定语气声称勇气方式美生活海明威类伟莫压力显示容限度挖掘成纯粹 His works have sometimes been read as an essentially negative commentary on a modern world filled with sterility failure and death Yet such a nihilistic vision is repeatedly modified by Hemingway’s affirmative assertion of the possibility of living with style and courage To Hemingway man’s greatest achievement is to show grace under pressure or purity of line through the maximum of exposure
6 1929年永武器A Farewell to Arms
1932年死午Death in the Afternoon
1935年非洲青山The Green Hills of Africa
1940年丧钟谁呜For Whom the Bell Tolls
1950年河入林Across the River and into the trees
1952年老海The Old Man and the Sea (triumphant even in defeat)
7 教材作品：永武器A Farewell to Arms

Ⅸ John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克19021968
1 斯坦贝克时代社会问题探讨尤产农民苦难描写1940年获普利策奖1962年获诺贝尔文学奖 Steinbeck’s treatment of the social problems of his time particularly the plight of the dispossessed farmer earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and in 1962 a Nobel Prize for literature
2 二十世纪三十年代美国萧条时期杰出说家was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s
3 苦难生活着直接接触部分作品表达移民工层社会情作品反映体力劳动者真实生活 His sympathy for the migrant workers and the downtrodden so evident in his writing was the result of firsthand knowledge of their struggles His writing reflected his concern with the rituals of manual labor
4 1935年托蒂亚Tortilla Flat
胜负未决战斗In Dubious Battle
1937年鼠Of Mice and Men
1938年长谷The Long Valley
1939年愤怒葡萄The Grapes of Wrath 作品讲述奥克斯长期遭受干旱沙暴袭击沙尘谷区移民加利福尼亚段事事移民梦想破灭悲惨结局中结束书中肯定普通老百姓生活生命抗争顽强品质 showed the migration of the Okies from the Dust Bowls to California a migration that ended in broken dreams and misery but at the same time affirmed the ability of the common people to endure and prevail
19441年科特兹海The Sea of Cortez
5 教材作品：愤怒葡萄The Grapes of Wrath

Ⅹ William Faulkner威廉·福克纳18971962
1950年获诺贝尔文学奖
1 1．1931年圣殿Sanctuary 1927年沙里斯Sartoris开始认识乡枚邮票值写乡辈子写完素材素材升华成说基础心欲达种绝高境界开金矿创造宇宙then he discovered as he said later that my own little postage stamp of native soil was worth writing about and that I would never live long enough to exhaust it and that by sublimating the actual into the apocryphal I would have complete liberty to use whatever talent I might have to its absolute top It opened up a gold mine of other people so I created a cosmos of my own
2 1929年喧嚣骚动The Sound and the Fury
1930年弥留际As I Lay Dying
1932年八月光Light in August
1934年马蒂诺医生事选Doctor Martino and Others Stories
1949年树林Big Woods
1936年押沙龙押沙龙Absalom Absalom
1942年吧摩西Go Down Moses
史努家族三部曲第1部1940年乡村第2部1957年镇第3部宅the trilogy on the Snopes family The Hamlet The Town The Mansion
3 福克纳生密西西度游历非常广泛作品中心题局限牛津密西西河甚美国类心灵突宇宙永恒题although his home was always in Mississippi Faulkner traveled extensively His central theme however was not Oxford or Mississippi or even America It was as he put it the universal theme of the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself
教材作品：艾米莉姐玫瑰：A Rose for Emily




















附：作者作品
殖民义时期 The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰·史密斯 Captain John Smith
殖民第次弗吉尼亚垦荒发生种事件真实介绍
A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony
弗吉尼亚图附：乡村描述
A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country
弗吉尼亚通史 General History of Virginia
2．威廉·布拉德福德 William Bradford
普利茅斯开发历史 The History of Plymouth Plantation
3．约翰·温思罗普 John Winthrop
新英格兰历史 The History of New England
4．罗杰·威廉姆斯 Roger Williams
开启美国语言钥匙A Key into the Language of America
美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南
Or A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England
5．安妮·布莱德斯特 Anne Bradstreet
美洲诞生第十谬斯
The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

二理性革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1杰明·富兰克林 Benjamin Franklin (17061790)
※传 The Autobiography
穷理查德年鉴 Poor Richard’s Almanac
2托马斯·佩 Thomas Paine (17371809)
※美国危机 The American Crisis
收税官案子 The Case of the Officers of the Excise
常识 Common Sense
权 Rights of Man
理性时代 The Age of Reason
土公 Agrarian Justice
3托马斯·杰弗逊 Thomas Jefferson (17431826)
※独立宣言 The Declaration of Independence
4菲利浦·弗瑞诺 Philip Freneau (17521832)
※野忍冬花 The Wild Honey Suckle
※印第安坟 The Indian Burying Ground
※致凯提·迪德 To a CatyDid
想象力量 The Power of Fancy
夜屋 The House of Night
英国囚船 The British Prison Ship
战争期弗瑞诺诗歌集
The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War
札记 Miscellaneous Works

三浪漫义文学 The Literature of Romanticism
1华盛顿·欧文 Washington Irving (17831859)
※作者叙 The Author’s Account of Himself
※睡谷传奇 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
见闻札记 Sketch Book
乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔 Jonathan Oldstyle
纽约外史 A History of New York
布雷斯布里奇庄园 Bracebridge Hall
旅行者事 Tales of Traveller
查理二世快乐君 Charles the Second Or The Merry Monarch
克里斯托弗·哥伦布生航海历史
A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus
格拉纳达征服编年史A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada
哥伦布伴航海发现
Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus
阿尔罕布拉 Alhambra
西班牙征服传说 Legends of the Conquest of Spain
草原游记 A Tour on the Prairies
阿斯托里亚 Astoria
博纳维尔船长历险记 The Adventures of Captain Bonneville
奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯 Life of Oliver Goldsmith
乔治·华盛顿传 Life of George Washington
2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀 James Fenimore Cooper (17891851)
※莫希干 The Last of the Mohicans
间谍 The Spy
领航者 The Pilot
美国海军 US Navy
皮袜子事集 Leather Stocking Tales
包括杀鹿者探路 The Deerslayer The Pathfinder
莫希干 The Last of the Mohicans
拓荒者草原 The Pioneers The Praire
3威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特 William Cullen Bryant (17941878)
※死思考 Thanatopsis
※致水鸟 To a Waterfowl
4埃德加·阿伦·坡 Edgar Allan Poe (18091849)
※海伦 To Helen
※乌鸦 The Raven
※安娜贝尔·李 Annabel Lee
※鄂榭府崩溃记 The Fall of the House of Usher
金瓶子城方德先生 Ms Found in a Bottle
述异集 Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
5拉尔夫·沃尔·爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson (18031882)
※然 Nature
※助 SelfReliance
美国学者 The American Scholar
神学院致辞 The Divinity School Address
笔集 Essays
代表 Representative Men
英国 English Traits
诗集 Poems
6亨利·戴维·梭罗 Henry David Thoreau (18171862)
※沃尔登 生活方 生活
Walden Where I Lived and What I Lived For
民反抗 Civil Disobedience
7纳撒尼尔·霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne (18041864)
※红字 The Scarlet Letter
七尖角阁房子 The House of the Seven Gables

海关楼 The Custom House
福谷浪漫史 The Blithedale Romance
古夏青苔 Mosses From an Old Manse
宝石神 The Marble Faun
伊桑·布兰德 Ethan Brand
伙子布朗 Young Goodman Brown
海德格博士体验 Dr Heidegger’s Experiment
野心勃勃客 The Ambitious Guest
巨石脸 The Great Stone Face
8赫尔曼·麦尔维尔 Herman Melville (18191891)
※白鲸 Moby Dick
泰皮 Typee
欧穆 Omoo
雷德车 Bedburn
白外衣 WhiteJacket
利·伯德 Billy Budd
玛 Mardi
皮埃尔 Pierre
班托·西兰尼 Benito Cereno
9亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (18071882)
※生礼赞 A Psalm of Life
※奴隶梦 The Slave’s Dream
※逝青春 My Lost Youth
※海华沙歌 海华沙禁食
The Song of Hiawatha Hiawatha’s Fasting
海外记游 OutreMer
海华沙 Hiawatha
夜吟 Voices of the Night
许珀里翁 Hyperion
歌谣 Ballads and other Poems
奴隶制度诗篇 Poems on Slavery
伊吉林 Evangeline
迈克尔·安吉洛 Michael Angelo
金星号遇难 The Wreck of the Hesperus
精益求精 Excelsior
乡村铁匠 The Village Blacksmith

四现实义文学The Literature of Realism
1沃尔特·惠特曼 Walt Whitman (18191892)
※歌 Song of Myself
※坐眺着 I Sit and Look Out
※敲呀敲呀鼓啊 DRUMTAPS Beat Beat Drums
草叶集 Leaves of Grass
2爱米丽·狄金森 Emily Dickinson (18301886)
※品味未酿造饮料 I taste a liquor never brewed
※意识场葬礼 I felt a Funeral in my Brain
※鸟着径 A Bird came down the Walk—
※美死 I died for Beautybut was scarce
※听苍蝇嗡嗡声—死时
I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—
※等候死神 Because I could not stop for Death—
3哈丽雅特·彻·斯托 Harriet Beecher Stowe (18111896)
※汤姆叔叔屋 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
汤姆叔叔屋题解 A Key to Uncle Tom’s cabin
德雷德阴暗沼事
Dred A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
4马克·吐温 Mark Twain (18351910)
※汤姆·索亚历险记 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
跳蛙 Jumping Frog
傻子国外旅行记 Innocents Abroad
艰苦岁月 Roughing It
镀金时代 The Gilded Age
密西西河生活 Life on the Mississippi
哈克贝里·费恩历险记Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
傻瓜威尔逊 Pudd’nhead Wilson
败坏哈德莱堡The Man that Corrupted Hadleybury
什？ What is Man
神秘客 The Mysterious Stranger
5欧·亨利 O· Henry (18621910)
※警察赞美诗 The Cop and the Anthem
四百万 The Four Million
旧知 Retrieved Reformation
麦珙礼物 The Gift of the Magi
市政报告 A Municipal Report
没讲完事 An Unfinished Story
月亮女神 Phoebe
吝啬爱 A Lickpenny Lover
装饰房间 The Furnished Room
6亨利·詹姆斯 Henry James (18431916)
※贵妇画 The Portrait of A Lady
观察守护 Watch and Ward
罗德里克·赫德森 Roderick Hudson
美国 The American
达西·密勒 Daisy Miller
波士顿 The Bostonians
卡萨玛西玛公 The Princess Casamassima
悲惨缪斯 The Tragic Muse
鸽翼 The Wings of the Dove
The Ambassadors
金碗 The Golden Bowl
7杰克·伦敦 Jack London (18761916)
※海狼 The Sea Wolf
※马丁·伊登 Martin Eden
狼子 The Son of the Wolf
荒野呼唤 The Call of the Wild
深渊中 The People of the Abyss
海狼 The Sea Wolf

阶级斗争 The War of the Classes
铁蹄 The Iron Heel
马丁·伊登 Martin Eden
革命 Revolution
生活法 The Law of Life
白牙 White Fong
8西奥·德莱塞 Theodore Dreiser (18711945)
※嘉莉妹妹 Sister Carrie
尼吉尔·杰夫 Nigger Jeff
巴塞尔·洛格劳女Butcher Rogaum’s Daughter
珍妮姑娘 Jannie Gerhardt
金融家 The Financier
巨 The Titan
斯葛 The Stoic
天 Genius
德莱塞访苏印象记 Dreiser Looks at Russia

五二十世纪文学Twentieth—Century Literature
1埃兹拉·庞德 Ezra Pound (18851972)
※台古钢琴 A Virginal
※次致意 Salutation the Second
※合 A Pact
※铁站台 In a Station of the Metro
※长干行 The RiverMerchant’s WifeA Letter
2埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊Edwin Arlington Robinson (18691935)
※山古屋 The House on the Hill
※理查·珂利 Richard Cory
※米尼弗·契维 Miniver Cheevy
蒂尔伯里镇 Tilburg Town
克雷格舰长 Captain Craig
·琼生招斯特拉福德朋友
Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford
默林 Merlin
兰斯洛特 Lancelot
特拉斯特拉姆 Tristram
3罗伯特·弗洛斯特 Robert Frost (18741963)
※摘罢苹果 After ApplePicking
※没走路 The Road Not Taken
※雪夜林边立 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
※部分 Departmental
※设计 Design
※数 The Most of It
男孩意志 A Boy’s Will
波士顿北 North of Boston
山陵 Mountain Interval
新罕布什尔 New Hampshire
河西流 WestRunning Brook
片农场 A Further Range
智慧树 A Witness Tree
绒毛锈线菊 Steeple Bush
空旷 In the Clearing
4卡尔·桑德堡 Carl Sandburg (18781967)
※芝加哥 Chicago
※港湾 The Harbor
※雾 Fog
※冰冷墓 Cool Tombs
※闪烁深红 Flash Crimson
※民 The People Yes
芝加哥诗集 Chicago Poems
剥玉米 Cornhuskers
烟钢 Smoke and Steel
太阳烧灼西方石板Slabs of the Sunburnt West
美国歌谣汇编 The American Songbag
芝加哥种族动乱 The Chicago Race Riots
路特拜事集 The Rootabaga Stories
摄影家斯泰肯 Steichen the Photographer
玛丽·林肯 Mary Lincoln
亚伯拉罕·林肯 Abraham Lincoln
5华莱士·斯蒂文斯 Wallace Stevens (18791955)
※彼·昆士弹琴 Peter Quince at the Clavier
※坛子轶事 Anecdote of the Jar
※冰淇淋皇帝 The Emperor of IceCream
风琴 Harmonium
关秩序思想 Ideas of Order
带蓝吉 The Man with the Blue Guitar
世界部分 Parts of a World
入夏 Transport to Summer
秋天曙光 The Auroras of Autumn
必天 Necessary Angel
诗歌选集 Collected Poems
遗著 Opus Posthumous
谐音 Harmonium
星期六早晨 Sunday Morning
6托马斯·斯特恩斯·爱略特 Thomas Stearns Eliot (18881965)
※J·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克情歌
The Love Song of J· Alfred Prufrock
※序曲 Preludes
※三贤哲旅程 Journey of the Magi
※空心 老盖伊文钱吧The Hollow Men A Penny for the Old Guy
普鲁弗洛克观察 Prufrock and Other Observations
诗集 Poems
圣林 The Sacred Wood
传统天 Tradition and the Individual Talent
荒原 The Waste Land
空心 The Hollow Men
灰星期三 AshWednesday
四四重奏 Four Quartets
德赖登致敬 Homage to John Dryden
萎缩争 Sweeney Agonistes
耶利尔诗集 Ariel Poems
教堂凶杀案 Murder in the Cathedral
诗歌法评法The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism
家庭重聚 The Family Reunion
鸡尾酒会 The Cocktail Party
机秘书 The Confidential Clerk
政界元老 The Elder Statesman
完美诗歌剧作 The Complete Poems and Plays
7F·司特·菲茨杰拉德 F· Scott Fitzgerald (18961940)
※起盖茨 The Great Gatsby
间天堂 This Side of Paradise
漂亮该死 The Beautiful and Damned
爵士时代事集 Tales of the Jazz Age
蔬菜 The Vegetable
邮递员总统 from Postman to President
夜色温柔 Tender Is the Night
8厄恩斯特·海明威 Ernest Hemingway (18991961)
※永武器 A Farewell to Arms
三事十篇诗歌Three Stories and Ten Poems
太阳样升起 The Sun Also Rises
丧钟谁鸣 For Whom the Bell Tolls
死午 Death in the Afternoon
非洲青山 The Green Hills of Africa
河入林 Across the River and into the Trees
老海 The Old Man and the Sea




















9约翰·斯坦贝尔 John Steinbeck (19021968)
※愤怒葡萄 The Grapes of Wrath
科特兹海 The Sea of Corctz
长谷 The Long Valley
鼠 Of Mice and Men
胜负末决战斗 In Dubious Battle
托蒂亚 Tortilla Flat
10威廉·福克纳 William Faulkner (18971962)
※艾米莉姐玫瑰A Rose for Emily
圣殿 Sanctuary
沙里斯 Sartoris
喧嚣骚动 The Sound and the Fury
弥留际 As I Lay Dying
八月光 Light in August
马蒂诺医生事选 Doctor Martino and Others Stories
武士行动 Knight’s Gambit
树林 Big Woods
押沙龙押沙龙 Absalom Absalom
吧摩西 Go Down Moses
乡村 The Hamlet
镇 The Town
宅 The Mansion


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