新概念英语第三册课文(全60课)


    新概念英语第三册(60课)

    Lesson1  A puma at large
    Pumas are large catlike animals which are found in America When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted fortyfive miles south of London they were not taken seriously However as the evidence began to accumulate experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar  
    The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her It immediately ran away when she saw it and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered(adj困走投路) The search proved difficult for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening Wherever it went it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes Several people complained of 'catlike noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma but where had it come from As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape The hunt went on for several weeks but the puma was not caught It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside

     美洲狮种体形似猫动物产美洲伦敦动物园接报告说伦敦南45英里处发现美洲狮时报告没受重视着证越越动物园专家感必进行番调查声称见美洲狮描述情况竟出奇相似
    搜寻美洲狮工作座村庄开始里位妇女采摘黑莓时见猫离仅5码远刚见立刻逃走专家证实美洲狮非逼走投路决会伤事实搜寻工作困难常常早晨甲发现美洲狮晚20英里外乙发现踪迹走路总会留串死鹿死兔子类动物许方见爪印灌木丛中发现粘面美洲狮毛抱怨说夜里听见猫样声位商钓鱼见美洲狮树专家已完全肯定动物美洲狮呢?全国动物园没家报告丢美洲狮美洲狮定某位私收藏豢养知设法逃出搜寻工作进行星期始终未逮住美洲狮想宁静乡村里头危险野兽继续逍遥流窜真令担心
    Lesson 2  Thirteen equals one
    Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since
    One night however our vicar woke up with a start the clock was striking the hours Looking at his watch he saw that it was one o'clock but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped Armed with a torch the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on In the torchlight he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins our local grocer  'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ' asked the vicar in surprise
    'I'm trying to repair the bell' answered Bill' I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now You see I was hoping to give you a surprise'
    'You certainly did give me a surprise' said the vicar 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well Still I'm glad the bell is working again'
    'That's the trouble vicar' answered Bill 'It's working all right but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it'
    'We'll get used to that Bill' said the vicar 'Thirteen is not as good as one but it's better than nothing Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea'


     教区牧师总种样事筹集资金始终未筹足资金教堂钟修教堂钟前分昼夜点报时年前遭毁坏便声息
    天夜里牧师突然惊醒钟点报时表1点钟钟边敲13停牧师着支电筒走钟楼想究竟发生什事情着电筒光见马认出杂货店尔威尔金斯
    究竟面干什尔?牧师惊讶问
    想口钟修尔回答说星期天天夜里钟楼嗯想吃惊
    确实吃惊牧师说许时村里吵醒钟报时高兴
    问题里牧师尔回答说错钟报时恐怕1点钟总敲13已力
    家慢慢惯尔牧师说131总1敲强楼喝杯茶吧
    Lesson 3 An unknown goddess
    Some time agoan interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean(adj爱琴海n)island of Kea.An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.The city at one time must have been prosperousfor it enjoyed a high level of civilization.Housesoften three storeys highwere built of stone.They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.The city was even equipped with a drainage systemfor a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
    The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century BC until Roman times In the most sacred room of the temple clay fragments of fifteen statues were found Each of these represented  a goddess and had at one time been painted The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century BC Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century BC This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved It was very old and precious even then When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modernlooking woman She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip She was wearing a fulllength skirt which swept the ground Despite her great age she was very graceful indeed but so far the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity


    久前爱琴海基亚岛考古工作者项趣发现美国考古队阿伊亚里尼海角座古城里考察座庙宇座古城肯定度繁荣享高度文明房子般3层楼高石块修建里面房间墙壁装饰华丽城里甚敷设排水系统狭窄街道底发现许许陶土制作排水道
    考古工作者考察座庙宇公元前15世纪直罗马时代直祭祀祈祷场庙中神圣间殿堂里发现15尊陶雕碎片尊雕代表位女神度色中尊雕躯体公元前15世纪历史文物中发现身异处脑袋碰巧公元前5世纪文物中找脑袋定古希腊罗马时代发现受精心保护时属历史悠久珍奇物考古工作者碎片重新拼装起惊奇发现位女神原位相貌十分摩登女郎身高3英尺双手叉腰身穿条拖长裙年纪体态确实优美考古工作者未确定位女神身份
    Lesson4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs
    These days people who do manual work often receive far more money than clerks who work in offices People who work in offices are frequently referred to as' white collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work Such is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers This can give rise to curious situations as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation
     When he got married Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation Every morning he left home dressed in a smart black suit He then changed into overalls (n工作服) and spent the next eight hours as a dustman Before returning home at night he took a shower and changed back into his suit  Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she  never will for Alf has just found another job He will soon be working in an office as a junior clerk He will be earning only half as much as he used to but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money From now on he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr Bloggs' not 'Alf'


    事体力劳动收入般坐办公室高出许坐办公室常常称作白领工通常穿着硬领白衬衫系着领带班许常常情愿放弃较高薪水换取做白领工殊荣常情常常会引起种种奇怪现象埃尔斯米尔公司清洁工艾尔弗雷德布洛斯例子
    艾尔弗结婚时感非常难情没职业告诉妻子说埃尔斯米尔公司班天早晨穿身漂亮黑色西装离家班然换工作服8时清洁工晚回家前洗淋浴重新换身黑色西服两年艾尔弗直样事保守秘密艾尔弗妻子直知道嫁清洁工永远会知道艾尔弗已找薪职久坐办公室里工作挣钱现半觉位升高损失点钱值艾尔弗天晚穿西服称呼布洛格斯先生艾尔弗
    Lesson 5 The facts
    Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics Last year a journalist had been instructed by a wellknown magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic When the article arrived the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it The article began 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace' The editor at once
    sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall  
    The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts but he took a long time to send them Meanwhile the editor was getting impatient for the magazine would soon go to press He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams but received no reply He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired When the journalist again failed to reply the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written A week later the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well However he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15foot wall which surrounded the president's palace


     报刊杂志编辑常常读者提供成立关紧事实统计数字走极端年位记者受家名杂志委托写篇关非洲某新成立国总统府文章稿子寄编辑第句话拒绝予发表文章开头样:百级台阶通环绕总统高墙编辑立位记者发传真求核实台阶确切数字围墙高度
    记者立出发核实重事实长时间见数字寄期间编辑等耐烦杂志马付印记者先发两份传真方毫反应发份传真通知位记者说迅速答复解雇记者没回复编辑奈勉强原样发稿周编辑终接记者传真怜记者仅捕送进监狱终获准发回份传真传真中告诉编辑数通15英尺高总统府围墙1084级台阶时抓起
    Lesson 6  Smashandgrab
    The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening At this time of the morning the arcade was almost empty Mr Taylor the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display Two of his assistants had been working busily since 8 o'clock and had only just finished Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet After gazing at the display for several minutes Mr Taylor went back into his shop
    The silence was suddenly broken when a large car with its headlights on and its horn blaring roared down the arcade It came to a stop outside the jeweler's One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars While this was going on Mr Taylor was upstairs He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain The raid was all over in three minutes for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed Just as it was leaving Mr Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases but it was impossible to stop the thieves They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds

     皮卡迪利街附条著名拱廊街道家高档商店刚刚开始营业早晨时候拱廊街空珠宝店泰勒先生正欣赏新布置橱窗手两名店员早8点开始忙碌时刚刚布置完毕钻石项链戒指漂亮陈列黑色丝绒面泰勒先生站橱窗外凝神欣赏分钟回店里
    宁静突然破辆轿车亮着前灯响着喇叭呼啸着进拱廊街珠宝店门口停留驾驶座外两黑色长筒丝袜蒙面跳车铁棒商店橱窗玻璃砸碎开始发生时泰勒先生正楼店员动手窗外投掷家具椅子桌子飞落花流水拱廊街窃贼尊重雕击中忙着抢钻石首饰竟连疼痛顾场抢劫持续3分钟窃贼争先恐爬轿车惊速度开跑轿车离开时候泰勒先生店里出车追赶边车扔烟灰缸花瓶已法抓住窃贼已带着价值数千镑首饰逃夭夭
    Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies
    Children often have far more sense than their elders This simple truth was demonstrated rather dramatically during a civil defence exercise in a small town in Canada Most of the inhabitants were asked to take part in the exercise during which they had to pretend that their city had been bombed Airraid warnings were sounded and thousands of people went into special airraid shelters Doctors and nurses remained above ground while Police patrolled the streets in case anyone tried to leave the shelters too soon
    The police did not have much to do because the citizens took the exercise seriously They stayed underground for twenty minutes and waited for the siren to sound again On leaving the airraid shelters they saw that doctors and nurses were busy A great many people had volunteered to act as casualties Theatrical makeup and artificial blood had been used to make the injuries look realistic A lot of People were lying 'dead' in the streets The living helped to carry the dead and wounded to special stations A Child of six was brought in by two adults The child was supposed to be dead With theatrical makeup on his face he looked as if he had died of shock Some people were so moved by the sight that they began to cry However the child suddenly sat up and a doctor asked him to comment on his death The child looked around for a moment and said 'I think they're all crazy'


      种事情身出现?没裤子塞洗衣机然想裤子兜张面值纸币?裤子抢救出时没发现张纸币已变白纸白?英国犯种错误时必感绝(许国家种绝感觉)英国说值庆幸英国银行残钞鉴组负责理钱塞进机器塞狗提出索赔求起狗喜欢咀嚼钱币
    案例简巴特林关未婚夫约翰拥家生意兴隆家具店天约翰生意装3000 英镑钱包放进微波炉保存然简起骑马回家简微波炉煮晚饭意中中未婚夫钱包起煮想发现煮钱包钞票已化成灰时沮丧心情约翰找银行理理约翰钱包纸币残留物送英国银行纽卡斯尔专门部门——残钞鉴组鉴定残留物约翰回损失全部数额东西供识会钱家银行位女发言说年21000 起索赔求支付150万英镑
    Lesson8  A famous monastery
    The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy At 2470 metres it is the highest mountain pass in Europe The famous monastery of St Bernard which was founded in the eleventh century lies about a mile away For hundreds of years St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass These friendly dogs which were first brought from Asia were used as watchdogs even in Roman times Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains the Pass is less dangerous but each year the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty Despite the new tunnel there are still a few people who rashly  attempt to cross the Pass on foot
     During the summer months the monastery is very busy for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars As there are so many people about the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure In winter however life at the monastery is quite different The temperature drops to 30 and very few people attempt to cross the Pass The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy The dogs have greater freedom too for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter These young people who love the peace of the mountains always receive a warm
    Welcome at St Bernard's monastery
     

    圣伯纳德山口连接着瑞士意利海拔2473O米欧洲高山口11世纪建造著名圣伯纳德修道院位离山口1英里远方百年圣伯纳德修道院驯养狗拯救许翻越道山口旅游者生命先亚洲引进狗友早罗马时代门狗山里开挖隧道翻越山口已危险年派狗雪山里帮助遇困难旅游者修通隧道想险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口
    夏天月里修道院十分忙碌成千万驾车通山口道修道院参观太狗关专门围栏里然冬天修道院里生活番景象气温降零30度试图跨越山口寥寥修道士喜欢冬天太喜欢夏天冬天更扰生活狗较放出围栏四处遛达冬天常修道院参观批批滑雪者圣诞节复活节热爱高山清静环境年轻年受圣伯纳德道院热烈欢迎
    Lesson9 Flying cats 飞猫
    Cats never fail to fascinate human beings They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well They never become submissive like dogs and horses As a result humans have learned to respect feline independence Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives Apparently they is a good deal of truth in this idea A cat’s ability to survive falls is based on fact
    Recently the New York Animal Medical Centre made a study of 132 cats over a period of five months All these cats had one experience in common they had fallen off high buildings yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries Of course New Yorkis the ideal place for such an interesting study because there is no shortage of tall buildings There are plenty of highrise windowsills to fall from One cat Sabrina fell 32 storeys yet only suffered from a broken tooth Cats behave like welltrained paratroopers’ a doctor said It seems that the further cats fall the less they are likely to injure themselves In a long drop they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more At high speeds falling cats have time to relax They stretch out their legs like flying squirrel This increases their airresistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hit the ground


     猫总引起极兴趣友充满柔情神秘生活方式狗马样变结果已学会尊重猫独立性生中数猫存戒心感兴趣件事情种通俗信念——猫九条命显然种说法里面包含着许真实性猫跌落时够难死事实作
    纽约动物医疗中心132猫进行期5月综合研究猫历:高层建筑摔中8猫死震荡跌伤然纽约进行种趣试验理想方里根缺乏高楼厦高层窗槛坠落萨伯瑞猫32层楼掉摔断颗牙猫训练素跳伞队员 位医生说起猫跌落距离越长越会伤害长长跌落程中达时60里甚更快速度高速落中猫时间放松伸展四肢飞行中松鼠样样加空气阻力减少着时击力带震动
    Lesson10 The loss of Titanic
    The great ship Titanic sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th 1912 She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 89l Even by modern standards the 46000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship At that time however she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built but was regarded as unsinkable for she had sixteen water tight compartments Even if two of these were flooded she would still be able to float The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life
    Four days after setting out while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout After the alarm had been given the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision The Titanic turned just in time narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her Suddenly there was a slight trembling sound from below and the captain went down to see what had happened The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged Below the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly for five of her sixteen water
    tight compartments had already been flooded The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody 1500 lives were lost


     巨轮泰坦尼克号1912年4月10日南安普敦起锚驶纽约船载1316名客891名船员现代标准衡量45000 吨泰坦尼克号算艘巨轮时艘轮船仅造船史建造艘船认会沉没船16密封舱组成两舱进水漂浮水面然艘巨轮首航沉造成批员死亡永远记着艘巨轮沉没惨剧
    泰坦尼克起航第4天正行驶北西洋冰冷海面突然员发现座冰山警报响久巨轮急转弯避免冰山正面相撞泰坦尼克弯拐时紧贴着高出海面100英尺巨冰墙擦突然船舱部传声微颤音船长走船舱查究竟声音非常轻没会想船身已遭损坏面船长惊恐发现泰坦尼克号正急速沉16密封舱已5进水发出弃船命令百跳进冰冷刺骨海水里没足够救生艇运载客结果1500 丧生

    Lesson11 Not guilty
    Going through the Customs is a tiresome business The strangest thing about it is that really honest people are often made to feel guilty The hardened professional smuggler on the other hand is never troubled by such feelings even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase When I returned from abroad recently a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler
    'Have you anything to declare' he asked looking me in the eye
    'No' I answered confidently
    'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please '
    'Not at all' I answered
    The Officer went through the case with great care All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again Suddenly I saw the Officer's face light up He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight
    'Perfume eh' he asked sarcastically 'You should have declared that' Perfume is not exempt from import duty'
    'But it isn't perfume' I said' It's hairoil' Then I added with a smile' It's a strange mixture I make myself' As I expected he did not believe me
    'Try it' I said encouragingly
    The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth A few minutes later I was able to hurry away with precious chalkmarks on my baggage
     现海关官员相宽容通绿色通道没东西需申报时拦住甚诚实常弄觉罪似老练职业走私犯手提箱里藏着500金表处泰然次出国碰位特闲事年轻海关官员显然成走私犯
    您什需申报?直盯着眼睛问
    没信回答说
    请开手提箱?
    回答说
    位官员十分仔细箱子检查遍细心包装东西会工夫乱成团相信箱子关突然官员脸露出意神色箱底发现瓶高兴抓起
    香水嗯?讥讽说道刚应该申报香水进口税
    香水说发胶接着脸带微笑补充说:种配制奇特混合物
    闻闻吧催促说
    海关官员拧开瓶盖瓶子放鼻子底股怪味袭相信说真话分钟终放行手提划着宝贵粉笔记号行李匆匆离
    Lesson12 Life on a desert island
    Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines Life there is simple and good
    Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work The other side of the picture is quite the opposite Life on a desert island is wretched You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe waiting for a boat which never comes Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures but few of us have had the opportunity to find out
    Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired During the journey their boat began to sink They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food matches and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water but this did not prove to be a problem The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy As they had brought a spear gun with them they had plenty to eat They caught lobster and fish every day and as one of them put it 'ate like kings' When a passing tanker rescued them five days later both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave
    许荒岛生活种切实际想法时想象荒岛阳光终日普天堂里生活简单美成熟水果树掉根需劳动种想法恰恰相反认荒岛生活怕饿死鲁滨孙样天天盼船总没见船影许两种信处少机会弄究竟
    两座珊瑚岛呆5天真希呆日子驾着条严重损坏船维尔京群岛阿密修理途中船开始沉迅速食物火柴罐装啤酒救生筏装然加勒海划行英里座珊瑚岛岛没颗树没淡水算什问题皮艇蓄积雨水身带支捕鱼枪吃饭愁天天捕捉龙虾鱼正中位说吃国王样5天条油轮路搭救二位离开荒岛时真感遗憾呢
    Lesson13 It’s only me
    After her husband had gone to work Mrs Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom She was too excited to do any housework that morning for in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before she was impatient to try it on Though the costume consisted only of a sheet it was very effective After putting it on Mrs Richards went downstairs She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear
    Just as Mrs Richards was entering the diningroom there was a knock on the front door She knew that it must be the baker She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table Not wanting to frighten the poor man Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered Mrs Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter She tried to explain the situation saying' It's only me' but it was too late The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces When Mrs Richards walked towards him he fled slamming the door behind him
     理查兹夫等丈夫班走孩子送学然楼卧室天午兴奋什家务活想做晚丈夫起参加化装舞会算装扮成鬼模样头天晚已化装服做时急想试试化装服仅单制成十分逼真理查兹夫穿化装服楼想穿起否舒服
    理查兹夫刚刚走进餐厅前门传敲门声知道定面包师告诉面包师果开门直接进门面包放厨房桌理查兹夫想吓唬怜便赶紧躲楼梯储藏室里听见前门开走廊里响起重重脚步声突然贮藏门开男走进理查兹夫想定供电局查电表说声怕然想进行番解释已声惊退步理查兹夫走见砰声关门逃走
    Lesson14 A noble gangster
    There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for' protection' If the money was not paid promptly the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop Obtaining 'protechon money' is not a modern crime As long ago as the fourteenth century an Englishman Sir John Hawkwood made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters
    Six hundred years ago Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto Whenever the Italian citystates were at war with each other Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded In times of peace when business was bad Hawkwood and his men would march into a citystate and after burning down a few farms would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way In spite of this the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero When he died at the age of eighty the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader Signor Giovanni Haukodue'
     时期芝加哥店商行老板出笔钱歹徒换取保护果交款时歹徒会快捣毁商店破产榨取保护金种现代罪恶行径早14世纪英国约翰霍克伍德非发现情愿出笔钱愿毕生心血毁歹徒手
    600年前约翰霍克伍德爵士带着队士兵意利佛罗伦萨附驻扎快出名意利乔尼阿库托次意利城邦间伏霍克伍德士兵雇佣愿出高价君时期生意萧条时霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某城邦火烧毁两农场然提出缴纳保护金便动撤离霍克伍德种方法挣笔钱意利视作某种英雄80岁年死时佛罗伦萨举行国葬画纪念位骁勇战士杰出领袖乔尼阿库托先生
    Lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble
    Children always appreciate small gifts of money Father of course provides a regular supply of pocketmoney but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income With some children small sums go a long way If sixpences are not exchanged for sweets they rattle for months inside moneyboxes Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a moneybox For most of them sixpence is a small price to pay for a satisfying bar of chocolate
    My nephew George has a moneybox but it is always empty Very few of the sixpences I have given him have found their way there I gave him sixpence yesterday and advised him to save it Instead he bought himself sixpence worth of trouble On his way to the sweet shop he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain George took off
    his jacket rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover He could not find his sixpence anywhere and what is more he could not get his arm out A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter but George was firmly stuck The firebrigade was called and two firemen freed George using a special type of grease George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates
     孩子总喜欢零花钱爸爸妈妈然常孩子零花钱叔舅婶姨孩子额外收入源孩子说少量钱花长段时间果50便士换糖吃放储蓄罐里叮响月储蓄罐装满屈指数特节俭孩子部分孩子说50便士买块巧克力算什
    外甥乔治储蓄罐总空空少50便士硬币没存储蓄罐里昨天50便士存起钱买50便士麻烦糖果店路50便士掉行道跳掉进阴沟里乔治脱掉外套卷起袖子右胳膊伸进阴沟盖摸半天没找50便士硬币胳膊反倒退出时周围许位女士乔治胳膊抹肥皂黄油乔治胳膊然卡紧紧电话消防队两位消防队员种特殊润滑剂乔治解脱事没乔治伤心糖果店老板娘听说遇麻烦赏盒巧克力

    Lesson16 Mary had a little lamb
    Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening One evening however the lamb was missing The rope had been cut so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen When Dimitri came in from the fields his wife told him what had happened Dimitri at once set out to find the thief
    He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village After telling several of his friends about the theft Dimitri found out that his neighbour Aleko had suddenly acquired a new lamb Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb He told him he had better return it or he would call the police Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard It was true that he had just bought a lamb he explained but his lamb was black Ashamed of having acted so rashly Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped When he went outside half an hour later he was astonished to find that the little black lamb was almost white Its wool which had been dyed black had been washed clean by the rain
     玛丽丈夫迪米特里住希腊南部波拉考拉村庄里玛丽珍贵财产丈夫送白色羔羊白天玛丽羔羊拴里颗树天晚牵回家天晚羔羊失踪绳子割断明显羔羊偷走
    迪米特里里回妻子情况说马出找偷羔羊知道样村庄里抓住偷困难失窃事告诉朋友迪米特里发出邻居阿列科家突然羔羊迪米特里立刻阿列科家气呼呼指责偷羔羊告诉羊交否警察阿列科承认迪米特里领进院子错确刚买羔羊阿列科解释说羔羊黑色迪米特里鲁莽感意思阿列科道歉说错怪俩说话时候天起雨迪米特里便呆阿列科家里避雨直等雨停止半时屋里出时惊奇发现黑羔羊全身变成白色原羊毛染黑色雨水掉

    Lesson17 The longest suspension bridge in the world
    Verrazano an Italian about whom little is known sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer his name will probably remain immortal for on November 21st 1964 the greatest bridge in the world was named after him
    The Verrazano Bridge which was designed by Othmar Ammann joins Brooklyn to Staten Island It has a span of 4260 feet The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer Two great towers support four huge cables The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea These alone took sixteen months to build Above the surface of the water the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended Each of the four cables contains 26108 lengths of wire It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity However size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge Despite its immensity it is both simple and elegant fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'
     1524年位鲜知意利维拉萨诺驾船驶进纽约港该港名安古拉姆该港作样描述:理位置十分适宜位两座山中间条河中间流然维拉萨诺绝算伟探险家名字流芳百世1964年11月21日建成座世界长吊桥名字命名
    维拉萨诺桥奥斯马阿曼设计连结着布鲁克林斯塔顿岛桥长4260英尺桥身太长设计者考虑表形状两座巨塔支撑着4根粗钢缆塔身建巨水钢盘混凝土台台深入海底100英尺仅两座塔花16月建成塔身高出水面700英尺高塔支撑着钢缆钢缆悬吊着桥4根钢缆中根26108股钢绳组成估计桥摆满汽车桥总承载力13然座桥重特点仅规模强度桥结构简单造型优美实现设计者企图创造量细线条勾画出庞然物梦想

    Lesson18 Electric currents in modern art
    Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places Strange forms stand in gardens and outside buildings and shops We have got quite used to them Some socalled 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly fifty years
    In spite of this some peopleincluding myselfwere surprised by a recent exhibition of modern sculpture The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said 'Do not touch the exhibits Some of them are dangerous' The objects on display were pieces of moving sculpture Oddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody These objects however were different Lined up against the wall there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres The spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each other all the time In the centre of the hall there were a number of tall structures which contained coloured lights These lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment These Peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally but to give them electric shocks as well
     现代雕塑感惊讶种认现代艺术博物馆里观点错误艺术感兴趣会注意公场展示现代艺术品公园里楼商店外竖立着奇形怪状雕塑已司空见惯谓现代艺术品里已陈列80年
    举办次现代雕塑展览(包括)吃惊走进展厅首先张告示面写着切勿触摸展品某展品危险展品活动雕熟悉悬挂天花板造型奇特风飘荡雕塑品展品开眼界墙排列着许细长电线电线连着金属球金属球磁化互相间停相互吸引相互排斥展厅中央装彩色灯泡许高高构件灯泡刻停闪烁着失控制红绿灯黑盒子里迸出火花红色灯泡发怒似忽明忽暗倒展览古老电子设备设计奇形怪状展品仅感情强烈刺激想电击似

    Lesson19 A very dear cat
    Kidnappers are rarely interested in Animals but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs Eleanor Ramsay's cat Mrs Eleanor Ramsay a very wealthy old lady has shared a flat with her cat Rastus for a great many years Rastus leads an orderly life He usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock One evening however he failed to arrive Mrs Ramsay got very worried She looked everywhere for him but could not find him
    Three day after Rastus' disappearance Mrs Ramsay received an anonymous letter The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs Ramsay paid a ransom of &1000 Mrs Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door At first she decided to go to the police but fearing that she would never see Rastus again the letter had made that quite clearshe changed her mind She drew &1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper's instructions The next morning the box had disappeared but Mrs Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word Sure enough Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening He looked very well though he was rather thirsty for he drank half a bottle of milk The police were astounded when Mrs Ramsay told them what she had
    done She explained that Rastus was very dear to her Considering the amount she paid he was dear in more ways than one
     绑架者少动物感兴趣绑架者盯埃莉诺拉姆齐太太猫埃莉诺拉姆齐太太非常富老妇年直养猫拉斯起住公寓里拉斯特斯生活规律傍晚常常出溜达会总7点钟前回天晚出没回拉姆齐太太急坏四处寻找没找着
    拉斯特斯失踪3天拉姆齐太太收封匿名信写信声称拉斯特斯安然恙拉姆齐太太愿意支付1000 英镑赎金立猫送拉姆齐太太钱放纸盒里然纸盒放门口开始拉姆齐太太算报告警察害怕见拉斯特斯——点信说十分明白——便改变意银行取出1000 英镑绑架者求做第二天早晨放钱盒子见拉姆齐太太确信绑架者会履行诺言果然天晚7点正拉斯特斯准时回切正常口渴喝半瓶牛奶拉姆齐太太做事告诉警察警察听吃惊拉姆齐太太解释说心疼猫拉斯特斯想花笔钱心疼具双重意义

    Lesson20 Pioneer pilots
    In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of &1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel Over a year passed before the first attempt was made On July 19th 1909 in the early morning Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV' He
    had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship
    Two days later Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No XI' Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model A week before he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twentysix miles Latham however did not give up easily He too arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antonette' It looks as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel Both planes were going to take off on July 25th but Latham failed to get up early enough After making a short test flight at 415 am Bleriot set off half an hour later His great flight lasted thirty seven minutes When he landed near Dover the first person to greet him was a local policeman Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover but he was unlucky again His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time
     1908年诺斯克利夫勋爵出1000英镑作第飞越英吉利海峡奖励然年出尝试1909年7月19日凌晨休伯特莱瑟姆驾驶安特瓦特4号飞机法国海岸起飞海峡空飞行7英里引擎发生障降落海面安特瓦特号飞机海漂浮船莱瑟姆方获救
    两天路易斯布莱里奥驾驶名11号飞机加附布莱里奥1905年起便开始研制飞机11号飞机制作新型号周前成功进行次26英里陆飞行莱瑟姆肯轻易罢休天驾驶架新安特瓦特号飞机加附会场激烈飞越英吉利海峡竞争两天飞机算7月25日起飞莱瑟姆天起床晚布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作次短距离试飞半时便正式出发次伟飞行持续37分钟佛着陆第迎接名警察莱瑟姆周作次尝试飞离佛半英里方次遭厄运引擎障第二次降落海面

    Lesson21 Daniel Mendoza
    Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago In those days boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money Because of this they were known as 'prizefighters' However boxing was very crude for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match
    One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764 The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set Of rules Though he was technically a prizefighter Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport for he brought science to the game In his day Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity He was adored by rich and poor alike Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxingmatch when he was only fourteen years old This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn In fact Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight A match was held at Stilton where both men fought for an hour The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza but he was defeated Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England Meanwhile he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as &100 for a single appearance Despite this he was so extravagant that he was always in debt After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson he was quickly forgotten He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836
     两百年前拳击赛英国非常盛行时拳击手戴手套争夺奖金搏斗称作职业拳击手拳击十分野蛮时没赛规职业拳击手赛中受重伤甚丧命
    拳击史引注目物丹尼尔门萨生1764年1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第次拳击赛制定规拳击赛手套然门萨严格讲职业拳击手种粗野拳击变成种体育运动方面作出重贡献科学引进项运动门萨全盛时期深受家欢迎富穷祟拜备
    门萨14岁时参加场拳击赛举成名引起时英国拳坛名理查德汉弗莱斯注意动提出教授门萨年少门萨学会事实门萨久便名声振致汉弗莱斯反目敌两争吵休显易见较量番解决问题两斯蒂尔顿设赛场厮时公众笔赌注门萨身输门萨汉弗莱斯次拳击场较量门萨输场直1790年第3次垒门萨终击败汉弗莱斯成全英拳击冠军时建立拳击学校办成功连拜伦勋爵成学生门萨挣笔笔钱次出场费达100英镑收入少挥霍度常债台高筑杰克逊绅士拳击手击败快遗忘力债捕入狱1836年贫困中死

    Lesson22 By heart
    Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end In many ways this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter Yet this is not always the case
    A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years In the last act a gaoler would always come on to
    the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance he always insisted that it should be written out in full One night the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if after so many performances he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell Just then the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual It was simply a blank sheet of paper The gaoler looked on eagerly anxious to see if his fellowactor had at last learnt his lines The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds Then squinting his eyes he said 'The light is dim Read the letter to me' And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either the gaoler replied 'The light is indeed dim sire I must get my glasses' With this he hurried off the stage Much to the aristocrat's amusement the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner
     剧目十分成功致连续演年样怜演员倒霉需夜连着夜重复样台词演员定会台词背烂熟绝会场结巴情况总样
    位名演员出极成功剧目中扮演贵族角色贵族已巴士底狱关押20年幕中狱卒手持封信场然信交狱中位贵族贵族场戏念遍封信坚持求信全文写信纸
    天晚狱卒决定事开玩笑反复演出场否已信容记熟幕拉开幕戏开演贵族独坐铁窗阴暗牢房里时狱卒场手里着封珍贵信狱卒走进牢房信交贵族回狱卒贵族信没常样全文写全张白纸狱卒热切观察着急想解事否记熟台词贵族盯着纸秒钟然眼珠转说道:光线太暗请读封信说完子信递狱卒狱卒发现连字记住便说:陛光线确太暗眼镜边说着边匆匆台贵族感非常笑:会工夫狱卒重新登台副眼镜时封信然囚犯念起

    Lesson23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison
    People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten If you lived in the Mediterranean for instance you would consider octopus a great delicacy You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive On the other hand your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat the normally accepted practice in many northern countries The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives
    No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail Cooked in wine snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world There are countless people who ever since their early years have learned to associate snails with food My friend Robert lives in a country where snails are despised As his flat is in a large town he has no garden of his own For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him The idea never appealed to me very much but one day after a heavy shower I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants Acting on a sudden impulse I collected several dozen put them in a paper bag and took them to Robert Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift I left the bag in the
    hall and Robert and  I went into the livingroom where we talked for a couple of hours I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner Snails would of course be the main dish I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room To our dismay we saw that there were snails everywhere they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall I have never been able to look at a snail since then
     决定什吃什吃时候变合情理果住中海区会章鱼视作美味佳肴时理解什见章鱼恶心方面想动物油炸土豆会反胃北方许国家种普通烹方法遗憾 中部分生吃某种食品辈子样
    没种生物受赞美厌恶会超花园里常见蜗牛蜗牛加酒烧煮便成世界许方道珍奇名菜计数知道蜗牛做菜朋友罗伯特住厌恶蜗牛国家中住城市里公寓里没花园年直园子里蜗牛收集起捎开始想法没引起兴趣天场雨花园里漫目散步突然注意许许蜗牛心爱花木慢悠悠蠕动着时动逮十装进纸袋里带着找罗伯特罗伯特见高兴薄礼感满意纸袋放门厅里罗伯特起进起居室里聊钟头蜗牛事已忘干二净罗伯特突然提出定留吃晚饭提醒蜗牛然道菜喜欢意勉强着罗伯特走进起居室惊愕门厅里处爬满蜗牛:纸袋里逃出爬满厅眼蜗牛

    Lesson24 A skeleton in the cupboard
    We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation The terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cup board ' At some dramatic moment in the story the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody had in her youth poisoned every one of her five husbands
    It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction To varying degrees we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton and he is very proud of the fact George studied medicine in his youth Instead of becoming a doctor however he became a successful writer of detective stories I once spent an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house George showed me to the guestroom which he said was rarely used He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers I decided to hang in the cupboard one of the two suits I had brought with me I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified A skeleton was dangling before my eyes The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me Dropping my suit I dashed downstairs to tell George This was worse than 'a terrible secret' this was a real skeleton But George was unsympathetic 'Oh that' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend 'That's Sebastian You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time'
     说中常读表面受尊重物家庭着某种年知骇听闻秘密英语中生动说法形容种情况惊秘密称作柜中骷髅说某戏剧性时刻怕秘密泄漏出接着便某声誉扫读者说页解书中女公位家爱老妇年轻时连毒死5丈夫时禁会毛骨悚然
    种事发生说中非议种秘密连亲密朋友愿知道 中极少柜中骷髅认识唯柜中藏骷嵝便乔治卡尔顿甚引豪乔治年轻时学医然没医生成位成功侦探说作家次家里度周末愉快事永远会忘记乔治领进客房说间少开行装楼吃饭衬衫衣放进两空抽屉里然想身带两套西服中套挂衣柜里开柜门站柜门前惊呆具骷髅悬挂眼前柜门突然开轻微摇晃起觉马跳出柜门扑似扔西服楼告诉乔治骇听闻秘密更加惊东西具真正骷髅啊乔治动衷噢呀笑着说道俨然谈位老朋友塞巴斯蒂安忘前学医

    Lesson25 The Cutty Sark
    One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century the Cutty Sark can still be seen at Greenwich She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past Before they were replaced by steamships sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia  The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th 1872 on an exciting race to England This race which went on for exactly four months was the last of its kind It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae but on the Indian Ocean the Cutty Sark took the lead It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home but during the race she had a lot of bad luck In August she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty This greatly reduced the speed of the ship for there was danger that if she travelled too quickly this rudder would be torn away as well Because of this the Cutty Sark lost her lead After crossing the equator the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae Even this was remarkable considering that she had had so many delays There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily
     格林威治19世纪名帆船卡蒂萨克号停陆年接成千万参观者留深刻印象回忆起历史巨型帆船蒸汽船取代帆船前卡蒂萨克号类帆船中国运回茶叶澳利亚运回羊毛卡蒂萨克号帆船制造史建造快艘帆船唯高低塞姆皮雷号帆船两船1872年6月18日时海启航驶英国途中展开场激烈赛场赛持续整整4月类赛中次标志着帆船伟传统结束新纪元开始

    赛开始赛姆皮雷号率先抵达爪哇岛印度洋卡萨萨克号驶前面首先返抵英国确信疑赛中连遭厄运8月份卡蒂萨克号遭场特风暴袭击失舵船身左右摇晃法操船员备木板船赶制应急舵克服重重困难舵安装位样降低船航速船开太快否危险应急舵会刮走缘卡蒂萨克号落面跨越赤道船长船停港口换舵时赛姆皮雷号早已500英里遥换装新舵时分秒必争卡蒂萨克号已取胜抵达英国时塞姆皮雷号晚1星期考虑路次耽搁成绩已容易毫疑问果中途没失舵 卡帝萨克号肯定赛中轻易夺冠

    Lesson26 Wanted a large biscuit tin
    No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste we are no longer free to choose the things we want for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing An advertisement which begins with the
    magic word FREE can rarely go wrong These days advertisers not only offer free samples but free cars free houses and free trips round the world as well They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way During a radio programme a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory They offered to pay 2 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener The response to this competition was tremendous Before long biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow It weighed nearly 500 pounds A little later a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed The largest was 713 pounds It seemed certain that this would win the prize But just before the competition closed a lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2400 pounds It had been baked by a college student who had used over 1000 pounds of flour 800 pounds of sugar 200 pounds of fat and 400 pounds of various other ingredients It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated for they bought the biscuit from the student for 4800
     没避免受广告影响夸鉴赏力敏锐已法独立选购需东西广告身施加着种潜移默化影响做广告力图劝说买种产品种产品前已仔细研究性弱点进行分类
    做广告年前发现家喜欢免费东西免费神奇词开头广告少会失败目前做广告仅提供免费样品提供免费汽车免费住房免费周游世界设计数百计竞赛竞赛中赢巨额奖金电台电视做广告种手段吸引成百万注意力
    次电台播放节目里生产饼干公司请听众烘制饼干送工厂愿意磅10美元价钱买听众烘制饼干次竞赛听众中引起极热烈反响久形状异饼干陆续送工厂位女士手推车运饼干重达500磅左右相隔会男子带饼干饼干汽车行李箱挤满满送饼干仔细称量重达713磅饼干获奖疑竞赛截止时间际辆卡车驶进工厂运特重达2400磅饼干学生烘制1000磅面粉800磅食糖200磅动物脂肪400磅种原料饼干份量太重台起重机卡车卸饼干公司付出预计钱买学生烘制饼干支付24000美元

    Lesson27 Nothing to sell  and nothing to buy
    It has been said that everyone lives by selling something In the light of this statement teachers live by selling knowledge philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort
    Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives yet we might
    grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop Everyone has something to sell
    Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passersby But real tramps are not beggars They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others In seeking independence they do not sacrifice their human dignity A tramp may ask you for money but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people His few material possession make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease By having to sleep in the open he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do He may hunt beg or steal occasionally to keep himself alive he may even in times of real need do a little work but he will never sacrifice his freedom We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care
     说出售某种东西维持生活根种说法教师卖知识生哲学家卖智慧生牧师卖精神安慰生然物质产品价值金钱衡量估算提供服务价值极困难时挽救生命愿意付出占切外科夫提供种服务支付昂贵费抱怨社会情况技术必须付钱买商店里花钱买商品样东西出售
    条普遍规律前面流浪汉例外乞丐出售引起路怜悯真正流浪乞丐出售东西需东西追求独立时牺牲尊严游浪汉会讨钱怜意选择种生活完全清楚种方式生活果知道顿饭着落样千万桩愁事折磨没什财产够轻松奔波迫露天睡觉中许离然生存会猎乞讨偶尔偷两回确实需时候甚干点活决会牺牲说起流浪汉常常带轻蔑乞丐类中少够坦率说流浪汉简朴生活忧虑境况感羡慕呢?

    Lesson28 Five pounds too dear
    Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour Before she had anchored the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia silks from India copper coffee pots and beautiful handmade silverware It was difficult not to be tempted Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen but I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring I had no intention of buying one but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds Some of them were as big as marbles The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real As we were walking past a shop he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass It took me over half an hour to get rid of him
    The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches I examined one of the pens closely It certainly looked genuine At the base of the gold cap the words 'made in the USA' had been neatly inscribed The man said that the pen was worth &10 but as a special favour he would let me have it for &8 I shook my head and held up a finger indicating that I was willing to
    pay a pound Gesticulating wildly the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous but he eventually reduced the price to &3 Shrugging my shoulders I began to walk away when a moment later he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair he readily accepted the pound I gave him I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargainuntil I got back to the ship No matter how hard I tried it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word
    艘型班船进港时候许船载着种杂货快速客轮驶船未锚船纷纷爬客轮会工夫甲板摆满色彩斑斓波斯毯印度丝绸铜咖啡壶手工制作漂亮银器想东西动心困难船许游客开始商贩讨价价起定意岸前什买
    刚船截住兜售枚钻石戒指根想买掩饰样事实:钻石留深刻印象钻石玻璃球竭力想证明钻石真货路家商店时颗钻石劲橱窗玻璃留道深痕花半时摆脱纠缠
    兜售第二卖名贵钢笔手表仔细察枝钢笔确实假金笔帽方整齐刻美国制造字样说支笔值50英镑作特优惠愿意出30英镑成交摇摇头伸出5根手指表示愿出5镑钱激动着手势仿佛出价容忍终价钱降10英镑耸耸肩膀掉头走开会突然追笔塞手里然绝举起双手毫迟疑收付5镑钱回船前直绝妙讨价价洋洋意然摆弄枝漂亮钢笔吸进墨水直天枝笔连字没写
     
    lesson29 Funny or not
    Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics A Frenchman for instance might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke In the same way a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears
    Most funny stories are based on comic situations In spite of national differences certain funny situations have a universal appeal No matter where you live you would find it difficult not to laugh at say Charlie Chaplin's early films However a new type of humour which stems largely from America has recently come into fashion It is cal1ed' sick humour ' Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents Many people find this sort of joke distasteful The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself
    A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas From the moment he arrived there he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital Though the doctor did his best the patient's recovery was slow On Christmas day the man still had his right leg in plaster He spent
    a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing The following day however the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good The man took heart and sure enough on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital the man drank a little more than was good for him In the process he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg
     觉笑话否笑程度取决长幽默感民族着神秘莫测联系譬法国听完俄国笑话难发笑样道理令英国笑出泪笑话俄国听觉没什笑处
    部分令发笑事根喜剧情节编写民族滑稽情节产生普遍效果说生活里查理卓林早期电影难发笑然种新式幽默流行起种幽默美国作病态幽默喜剧演员根悲剧情节诸暴死重事等编造笑话许认种笑话低级庸俗面病态幽默实例作出判断
    圣诞节前周某摔断右腿送进医院进医院刻时缠住医生医生告诉什时候回家十分害怕医院圣诞医生竭力医治病恢复缓慢圣诞节天右腿着石膏床郁郁乐躺天想着错种种欢乐然第二天医生安慰说出院欢度新年性听振作精神果然夕时瘸拐参加晚会补偿住院段愉快历喝稍许点晚会情娱乐告诉家讨厌医院晚会结束时嘴里嘟哝着医院事突然踩块冰滑倒摔断左腿

    Lesson30 The death of a ghost
    For years villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted The farm was owned by two brothers Joe and Bert Cox They employed a few farm hands but no one was willing to work there long Every time a worker gave up his job he told the same story Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find the work had been done overnight Hay had been cut and cow sheds had been cleaned A farm worker who stayed up all night claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the
    moonlight In time it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them
    No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen This was indeed the case A short time ago villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died Everyone went to the funeral for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man After the funeral Joe and Bert revealed
    a secret which they had kept for over forty years Eric had been the eldest son of the family He had been obliged to join the army during the first World War As he hated army life he decided to desert his regiment When he learnt that he would be sent abroad he returned to the farm and his farther hid him until the end of the war Fearing the authorities Eric remained in hiding after the war as well His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert They did not even tell their wives When their father died they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding All these years Eric had lived as a recluse(隐遁者 寂寞者) He used to sleep during the day and work at night quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley When he died however his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer
     年村民直认恩利农场闹鬼恩利农场属乔考科斯鲍勃考科斯兄弟俩雇农工谁愿意长期工作次雇工辞职叙述着样事雇工说常常早起发现夜里活干干草已切牛棚扫干净彻夜未眠雇工声称见影月光收割庄稼着时间流逝考科斯兄弟雇心责鬼家活部分鬼干件事成公认事实
    谁没想农场竟会未露面事实确久前村民惊悉恩利农场鬼死家参加葬礼鬼正农场兄弟埃里克考科斯埃里克年轻时死葬礼乔鲍勃透露保守长达50年秘密
    埃里克家长子年龄两弟弟第二次世界战期间迫参军讨厌军旅生活决定逃离部队解派遣出国时逃回农场父亲藏起直战争结束害怕局埃里克战继续深藏露父亲告诉家埃里克战争中死外乔鲍知道秘密俩连妻子没告诉父亲死兄弟俩认责继续埃里克藏起年埃里克着隐士生活白天睡觉夜里出干活点知道已成恩利家场活鬼死弟弟觉法保守秘密

    Lesson31 A lovable eccentric
    True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary This invariably wins them the love and respect of others for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life
    Up to the time of his death Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman but the ordinary townfolk hardly knew anything about this side of his life He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died Dickie disliked snobs(势利) intensely Though he owned a large car he hardly ever used it preferring always to go on foot Even when it was raining heavily he refused to carry an umbrella One day he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly  heavy shower He wanted to buy a &300 fur coat for his wife but he was in such a bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve him Dickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag As it was extremely heavy he dumped it on the counter The assistant asked him to leave but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager Recognizing who the customer was the manager was most apologetic and 'reprimanded the assistant severely When Dickie was given the fur coat he presented the assistant with the cloth bag It contained &300 in pennies He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left 72000 pennies in all On another occasion he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists they had in fact been painted by Dickie It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about
     真正古怪意引注意顾社会俗意识作什特殊处总赢喜爱尊敬淡单日常生活增添色彩
    理查德科尔森生前镇名精明干钱商镇部分生活中方面知家迪基早世前久古怪行成传奇事
    迪基痛恨势利辆豪华轿车少常常喜欢步代车雨倾盆总拒绝带伞天遇场瓢泼雨淋透湿走进家高级商店妻子买块价值300英镑手表店员见浑身泥水样子竟肯接迪基二话没说走会带着布口袋回店里布袋沉重重布袋扔柜台店员迪基走开置理求见理理认出位顾客表示深深歉意严厉训斥店员店员迪基出块手表迪基布口袋递口袋里面装着300镑便士坚持店员点清硬币离硬币加起30000枚 次邀请著名评家参观私收藏现代画次展览引起报界广泛注意画名义名家作品事实迪基画花4年时间策划出精心设计闹剧想证明评家时解谈事情

    Lesson32 A lost ship
    The salvage operation had been a complete failure The small ship Elkor which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks was on its way home A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search The captain knew that another attempt would be made later for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion
    Despite the message the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more The seabed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found the contents of the seachest proved them wrong What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman Alan Fielding There were books clothing and photographs together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck Nothing of value was found but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest From a heavy gun that was raised the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser In another seachest which contained the belongings of a ship's officer there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th 1943 The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book parts of which it was still possible to read From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine This was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum
     捞工作彻底失败船埃尔科号巴伦支海搜寻星期正返航途中返航前该船船长收陆发电报指示放弃次搜寻船长知道日会作尝试试图寻找沉船载批珍贵金条
    船长接电报决定试试结实网海床搜索遍箱子海底捞时甲板激动已船员开始认沉船找着海底沉箱物品证明弄错事实发现艘沉没年船
    木箱装水手艾伦菲尔丁私财物中书箱衣服片水手收妻子信埃尔科号船长命令船员量沉船中捞物品没发现什值钱东西捞出众物品引起家极兴趣捞起门炮船长认艘船定艘巡洋舰海底沉箱中装船位军官财物中封写1943年3月14日信没写完封信中船长解沉船船名卡伦号捞东西中价值船航海日志中部分然清晰读船长已搞清材料拼凑起卡伦号年船护航驶俄国途中突然遭敌方潜水艇鱼雷袭击说法埃尔科号返航国防部位海军官员证实次捞物品均送军事博物馆

    Lesson33 A day to remember
    We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong A day may begin well enough but suddenly everything seems to get out of control What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of
    catastrophes While you are on the phone the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby crockery etc Meanwhile the meal gets burnt As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears your husband arrives unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner
    Things can go wrong on a big scale as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta a suburb of Sydney During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car This made the driver following her brake hard His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake As she was thrown forward the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road Seeing a cake flying through the air a lorrydriver who was drawing up alongside the car pulled up all of a sudden The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road This led to yet another angry argument Meanwhile the traffic piled up behind It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again In the meantime the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake It was just one of those days
    家事事心日子天开始时错突然间似切失控制情况常样许许事情偏偏赶时刻出问题件关紧事引起连串连锁反应假设做饭时孩子时电话铃响预示着连串意想灾难接电话时孩子桌布桌子扯家中陶瓷餐具半数摔碎时弄伤急急忙忙挂电话赶孩子餐具时饭烧糊切足急掉泪丈夫接着回事先没招呼带3客吃饭

    许悉尼郊区帕拉马塔发现样时乱子会闹天傍晚交通拥挤时辆汽车撞前面辆汽车两司机争吵起紧辆车司机碰巧初学者惊突然车停停头司机急刹车司机妻子正坐身边手里托着块蛋糕前蛋糕挡风玻璃飞出掉马路时辆卡车正边开辆汽车边司机见块蛋糕天降紧急刹车卡车装着空啤酒瓶成百瓶子势卡车面滑出车外落马路引起场唇枪舌剑争吵时面车辆排成长龙警察花时车辆开起段时间里卡车司机清扫百破瓶子两野狗片混乱中处贪婪吃掉剩蛋糕事事心天

    Lesson34 A happy discovery
    Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty dark disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors
    No one discovers a rarity by chance A truly dedicated searcher for art treasures must have patience and above all the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it To do this he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer Like a scientist bent on making a discovery he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded
    My old friend Frank Halliday is just such a person He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere &5 One Saturday morning Frank visited an antique shop in my neighbourhood As he had never been there before he found a great deal to interest him The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packingcase lying on the floor The dealer told him that it had just come in but that he could not be bothered to open it Frank begged him to do so and the dealer reluctantly prised it open The contents were disappointing Apart from an interestinglooking carved dagger the box was full of crockery much of it broken Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box and suddenly noticed a miniature Painting at the bottom of the packingcase As its composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well he decided to buy it Glancing at it briefly the dealer told him that it was worth &5 Frank could hardly conceal his excitement for he knew that he had made a real discovery The tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio and was worth thousands of pounds
     古玩店许说种特殊魅力高档点古玩店防尘文物漂亮陈列玻璃柜子里里令步太装腔作势古玩店谁壮着胆子敢里进常常希发霉阴暗杂乱章迷宫般店堂里杂乱摆放面堆堆式样破烂货里找件稀世珍品
    谁会子发现件珍品处找便宜必须具耐心重珍品时鉴珍品力做点少古董商样懂行必须专心致志进行探索科学家样抱样希终天努力会取丰硕成果
    老朋友弗兰克哈利戴正样次详细讲花50英镑便买位名家杰作星期六午弗兰克家附家古玩店未结果发现许趣东西午快弗兰克正准备离突然见板放着体积货箱古董商告诉货箱刚久嫌麻烦想开弗兰克恳求古董商勉强货箱撬开箱东西令失柄式样致雕花纹匕首外货箱装满陶器部分已破碎裂弗兰克轻轻陶器出箱子突然发现箱底幅微型画画面构图纸条想起幅熟悉意利画决定画买古董商漫心眼幅画告诉弗兰克画值50英镑弗兰克法掩饰兴奋心情明白发现件珍品幅画原柯勒乔幅未发现杰作价值十万英镑

    Lesson35 Justice was done
    The word justice is usually associated with courts of law We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it Judges however wise or eminent are human and can make mistakes
     There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract conception Reward or punishment are out quite independent of human interference At such times justice acts like a living force When we use a phrase like it serves him right we are in part admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord  
    When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store one morning the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right' The shop was an oldfashioned one with many large disused fireplaces and tall narrow chimneys Towards midday a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls As the cry was repeated several times she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the firebrigade The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys but as there were so many of them the firemen could not be certain which one it was They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney As it was extremely narrow the man was unable to move but the firemen were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall The sorrylooking blackened figure that emerged at once admitted that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney He had been there for nearly ten hours Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police
     正义词常常法庭连起某证确凿证明罪时候许会说正义伸张正义复杂法律机器组成部分寻求正义走条崎岖道路没握终正义法官聪明名毕竟会出差错
    情况正义种抽象概念奖惩实施受意志支配种时候正义种生命力量行职说罪应句话时候部分承认某种特定环境正义动起作
    天午偷家型珠宝店里抓住时候店员定会忍住说:罪应座老式改造房子店里许废置壁炉高窄烟囱快中午时候女售货员听见堵墙里传出种闷声闷气声种喊声重复次跑报告理理消防队挂电话喊声肯定烟囱里传出然烟囱太消防队员法确定底通击烟囱倾声确定传出声音烟囱凿透18英寸厚墙壁发现卡烟囱里烟囱太窄法动弹消防队员墙挖洞终解救出满脸沮丧浑身漆黑家伙烟囱里出承认头天夜里企图店里行窍烟囱卡住已烟囱里困10时甚没送交警察前正义已伸张

    Lesson36 A chance in a million
    We are less credulous than we used to be In the nineteenth century a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences most of them wildly improbable Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero's mother A longlost brother who was presumed dead was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's down fall And so on Modern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable Yet in real life circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible
    A German taxidriver Franz Bussman recently found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before While on a walking tour with his wife he stopped to talk to a workman After they had gone on Mrs Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother Franz poured scorn on the idea pointing
    out that his brother had been killed in action during the war Though Mrs Bussman was fully acquainted with this story she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right A few days later she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman Needless to say the man's name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz's longlost brother
    When the brothers were reunited Hans explained how it was that he was still alive After having been wounded towards the end of the war he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot Meanwhile his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed Hans returned to his
    family home but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants Assuming that his family had been killed during an airraid Hans settled down in a Village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since
     
    样轻易相信19世纪说家常说结尾处读者准备系列巧合——部分牵强附会极时读者愉快接受样事实低贱女佣实际公母亲公位长期失散兄弟家死实际直活着正策划暗算公等等现代读者会觉种天真结局完全法接受现实生活中时确实会出现巧合巧合19世纪说家外谁会相信
    孩子时候祖父讲位德国出租汽车司机弗朗兹巴斯曼找信已20年前死兄弟事次妻子徒步旅行途中停工交谈接着继续前走巴斯曼夫说工丈夫相貌甚猜测丈夫兄弟弗朗兹屑顾指出兄弟已战争中阵亡巴斯曼夫熟知情况然认想法百万分性天派男孩问否汉斯巴斯曼出巴斯曼夫料名字真汉斯巴斯曼确实弗朗兹失散年兄弟兄弟俩团聚时汉斯说明活战争结束时负伤送进医院部队失联系医院遭轰炸汉斯步行回西德时部队击溃档案材料全部毁战火汉斯重返里家已炸毁左邻右舍谁知原住户落汉斯全家空袭中遇难便距50英里外座村子里定居直日

    Lesson37 The Westhaven Express
    We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual After years of preconditioning most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables Ships may be delayed by storms air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather but trains must be on time Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong The truth is that when mistakes
    occur they are more likely to be ours than theirs
    After consulting my railway timetable I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes When I boarded the train I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well At the time this did not strike me as odd I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley a tiny station a few miles along the line Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals But when the train dawdled at station after station I began to wonder It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour but barely chugging along at thirty One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express but he had not even heard of it I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived Two hours later I was talking angrily to the stationmaster at Westhaven When he denied the train's existence I borrowed his copy of the timetable There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white Glancing at it briefly he told me to look again A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page It said 'This service has been suspended'
     已惯相信火车总准点年适应数火车时刻表产生种动摇信念轮船船期风暴推延飞机航班恶劣天气取消唯火车必然准点非寻常雪暂时乱铁路运行旦铁路真出问题便加思索责备铁路局事实差错铁路局
    查列车时刻表满意解趟威斯特海温快车趟直达车旅途总需1时17分钟车禁注意许车开始感奇怪想外想利快车便定火车开出英里站威德里停觉奇怪便特快车信号拦住火车站接着站前蠕动时便产生怀疑突然感趟快车没时速90英里速度呼啸前进卟哧卟哧前爬行时速仅30英里1时17分走半路程问位客开威斯特海温趟快车说未听说趟快车决定目铁路部门提意见两时气呼呼威斯特海温站站长说起事说根没趟车列车时刻表带着种胜利者调子告诉趟车白纸黑字明明白白印时刻表迅速扫视眼遍星形符号目光引页底部说明面写着:趟列车暂停运行

    Lesson38 The first calendar
    Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily
    accumulates What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word Films gramophone records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information They will be able as it were to see and hear us in action But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man
    Up to now historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect Historians have long been puzzled by dots lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls bones and the ivory tusk of mammoths The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35000 BC and ended about 10000 BC By correlating markings made in various parts of the world historians have been able to read this difficult code They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon It is in fact a primitive type of calendar It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression They had a definite meaning for they were as near as early man could get to writing It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20000 years earlier than has been supposed
     未历史学家写段历史时候会具格逐渐积累起庞材料知道选取必完全赖文字材料电影录光盘光盘驱动器提供令眼花缭乱量信息种手段够身境般观做事倾听讲话历史学家企图重现遥远项艰巨务必须根现充分线索进行推理起微足道遗物揭示类早期历史趣容
    历史学家迄认日历农业问世出现时面着解四季实际需期科学研究发现种假设正确
    长期历史学家直雕刻墙壁骨头古代长毛象象牙点线形形色色符号感困惑解痕迹游牧留生活公元前约35000年公元前10000年冰川期末期狩猎捕鱼生历史学家通世界留种痕迹放起研究终弄懂种费解代码发现代码昼夜更迭月亮圆缺关事实种原始日历家早知道画墙狩猎图景单纯艺术表现形式着定含义已接古代文字形式时种图画墙壁刻痕存间定联系类早致力探索四季变迁想早20000年

    Lesson39 Nothing to worry about
    The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes
    Bruce was not in the least perturbed Glancing at his map he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties He simply had no sense of danger at all No matter what the conditions were he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go
    As we bumped over the dusty track we swerved to avoid large boulders The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine Because of this we kept looking back wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes But there was worse to come Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure In response to renewed pleadings Bruce stopped Though we all got out to examine the fissure he
    remained in the car We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feet wide and four feet deep Even this had no effect Bruce engaged low gear and drove at a terrifying speed keeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zigzag course Before we had time to worry about what might happen we were back on the plain again Bruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across Bruce charged at it but in the middle the car came to a grinding halt A yellow light on the dash board flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine
     穿越原道路高低开车走远路面愈加崎岖想劝说布鲁斯车开回出发村庄路面布满石头坑坑洼洼布鲁斯点慌乱瞥眼图告诉前面走20英里村庄说布鲁斯总低估困难压根没点危险感认路面情况车必须高速度前进
    尘士飞扬道路颠簸车子东拐西弯躲开圆石车轮搅起石块锤击车身发出祥锤击声想念迟早会飞起石块油箱砸开窟窿者发动机砸坏时掉头怀疑车否留机油汽油痕迹
    突然石块见前面片唯障碍簇簇灌木丛长长松口气更糟糕事情等着离远处出现裂缝次央求布鲁斯心车停纷纷车察裂缝呆车告诉裂缝长50码宽2英尺深4英尺没产生影响布鲁斯挂慢档两前轮分搁裂缝两边着弯弯曲曲裂缝发疯速度前开未担心果车已重新开布鲁斯眼图告诉座村庄离15英里障碍片约半英里宽浅水塘布鲁斯水塘车开水塘中嘎吱声停住仪表盘盏黄灯闪着刺眼光芒布鲁斯兴致勃勃宣布发动机里没油

    Lesson40 Who’s who
    It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke the hoax Inviting the firebrigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no selfrespecting student would ever indulge in Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill As soon as he had hung up he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away they were not to take him seriously He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information
    The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on Sure enough a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen he threatened to remove them by force The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help Shortly afterwards four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen As the men refused to stop working the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper He threatened to call the police At this the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest Pretending to speak seriously one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken
    to the station Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a callbox Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax
     谁弄清什学生更喜欢恶作剧学生擅长种特殊恶作剧——戏弄请消防队扑灭场根没火种低级骗局尊心学生决会做学生常常做制造种笑局面家笑场然受害者笑出
    学生见两工学校门外风钻干活马电话报告警察说两学生装扮成工正风钻破坏路面挂电话马工告诉警察走开回事工说学生常装扮成警察聊开玩笑警察工学生事先通报情况表示感谢
    学生躲附拱形门廊里见听现场发生切果然警察礼貌请工离开中工粗鲁回句警察威胁强行离开工说悉听尊便警察电话会工夫4警察规劝工离开工拒绝停手中活警察想夺风钻两工奋力抗争中发火威胁说警察警察听讥讽说必俩已逮捕中工装模作样问道带警察局前否电话警察意陪投币电话前工真警察挂电话恍然悟原成场骗局受害者

    Lesson41 Illusions of Pastoral peace
    The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me City born and city bred I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window or something you occasionally visit during the weekend Most of my friends live in the city yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months Even
    he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life He is forever talking about the friendly people the clean atmosphere the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living Nothing can be compared he maintains with the first cock crow the twittering of birds at dawn the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures This idyllic pastoral scene is
    only part of the picture My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings which are interrupted only by an occasional visit to the local cinemavirtually the only form of entertainment He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work Why people are prepared to tolerate a four hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond my ken They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong
    If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer You never have to travel miles to see your friends They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning As the play draws to its close they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort The latest exhibitions films or plays are only a short bus ride away Shopping too is always a pleasure There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the necessities of life as they can carry Nor is the city without its moments of beauty There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every
    day are tucked a way in their homes in the country It has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers who appreciate all these things obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country
     宁静乡村生活没吸引生城市长城市总认乡村透火车车窗样偶尔周末游玩景象许朋友住城市提起乡村马会变欣喜狂交口称赞宁静乡村生活种种优点中真农村住足6月回存幻觉乡村生活城市生活优越滔滔绝谈友农民洁净空气贴然环境悠闲生活节奏坚持认凌晨雄鸡第声啼黎明时分鸟吱喳欢冉冉升起阳染红树木牧场番美景伦种田园诗般乡村风光仅仅侧面朋友没提电视机前度漫长寂寞冬夜——电视唯娱乐形式说商店货物品种单调天乡赶城里工作幸什情愿天路奔波4时换取值怀疑乡间优点法理解愿意住属城市省诸便节约量开支
    果愿舍弃乡生活点点乐趣话会发出城市提供生活美东西朋友根跋涉英里住附时聊天晚起娱乐乡村熟年进城回回戏作种特殊享受戏件事需精心计划戏快演完时否赶末班火车回家犯愁种焦虑城里未体验坐公汽车站路新展览电影戏剧买东西种乐趣物品种繁必二等品凑合乡里进城采购欣喜狂次回家时买足外商品直动方罢休连走路摇摇晃晃城市非没良辰美景寒冷潮湿冬夜里广告灯箱发出暖光会某种安慰周末成千万进城班回乡间寓空旷街市笼罩着种宁静气氛没什时宁静更令难忘城里切心里明白偏执拗装出喜欢住乡村样子说直谜

    Lesson42 Modern Cavemen
    Cave exploration or potholing as it has come to be known is a relatively new sport Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures men down to the depths of the earth It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a potholer's motives For him caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber They arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave Precautions of this sort are necessary for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the potholer The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble It extends to a depth of 3723 feet This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunnelled a course through a flaw in the rocks The entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps As it is only six feet across it is barely noticeable The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French potholer Berger Since its discovery it has become a sort of potholers' Everest Though a number of descents have been made much of it still remains to be explored
    A team of potholers recently went down the Gouffre Berger After entering the narrow gap on the plateau they climbed down the steep sides of the cave until they came to a narrow corridor They had to edge their way along this sometimes wading across shallow streams or swimming across deep pools Suddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave They plunged into the lake and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy let the current carry them to the other side To protect themselves from the icy water they had to wear special rubber suits At the far end of the lake they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water In this part of the cave they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks the potholers arrived at an enormous cavern the size of a huge concert hall After switching on powerful arc lights they saw great stalagmites—some of them over forty feet highrising up like treetrunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof Round about piles of limestone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow In the eerie silence of the cavern the only sound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them
     洞穴勘查——洞穴勘探——项较新体育活动寻求独处愿寻求意外发现机会欲吸引深处想洞穴探险者动机作出满意解释洞穴探险者说洞穴种特殊魅力高山登山者特殊魅力样什洞空引发种探险种模模糊糊理解
    探测非常深洞穴星期日午漫步胜种活动需军事行动般周密布署预见力时需花费整整8天时间搭起绳梯建立供应基然深洞穴里作出样准备必法预见洞穴探险者究竟会遇什性质困难世界深洞穴格里诺布尔附高弗伯杰洞深达3723英尺深邃洞穴条暗泉刷岩石中缝隙慢慢变形成洞洞口丹芬阿尔卑斯山高原仅6英尺宽难发现法国著名洞穴探险家伯杰偶然机会发现洞口话洞许会知发现洞成洞穴探险者珠穆朗玛峰次进入洞探险尚少东西勘探
    队洞穴探险者高弗伯杰洞里高原窄缝进着笔直陡峭洞壁爬条狭窄走廊侧着身子前走时浅溪时游深潭突然道瀑布前瀑布奔泻注入洞底处湖里跳入湖中种器具装充气橡皮艇听水流带岸湖水冰冷刺骨必须穿种特制橡皮服保护湖头见堆堆湖水刷岸碎石听见种连续断轰鸣声发现山洞顶部孔里喷出水柱跌落水潭中发出声音洞穴探险者岩石缝里挤身巨洞里相音乐厅开强力弧光灯见株株巨石笋高达40英尺树干似长着洞顶悬挂钟乳石相接周围堆堆石灰石彩虹样闪闪发光洞里种怕寂静唯听见声响高高圆顶间断滴水嘀嗒声

    Lesson43 Fully insured
    Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything Insuring public or  private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world If however you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather Needless to say the bigger the risk an insurance company takes the higher the premium you will have to pay It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique
    Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal so they insured it for the trip Shortly after it was launched the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate At the same time a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own Modern dances proved to be more than the disk could bear for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water
    The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish Shivering in their wet clothes the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish They had little difficulty in finding it but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation The dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank For one agonizing moment the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water The men were now obliged to try once more This time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal The winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck Several minutes later the dish was successfully hauled above the surface of the water Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal There was danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again By working at tremendous speed the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned
    保险公司般说愿意承保切东西承办公财产私财产保险世界部分国家正常业务果举办次露天游园会盛宴避免碰天气遭受损失样保险说保险公司承担风险越付保险费越高航运公司捞沉船提出索赔常事某局捞焙制馅饼盘子提出索赔倒件新鲜事
    馅饼盘子确实少见18英尺长6英尺宽某方局买焙制巨馅饼年度交易会助兴馅饼委员会确认运输盘子佳方案通运河水运盘子运输安全投保盘子水久馅饼委员会成员家酒店庆贺时候许十岁孩子爬盘子举行集会跳起舞盘子难承受舞会进行程中盘子倾覆沉入7英尺深水中
    馅饼委员会汽车修理库老板电话闻讯开着辆急修车前捞盘子孩子穿着湿衣服哆嗦着3工轮潜入水中确定盘子位置没费事找盘子盘子捞出难题盘子四边十分光滑盘边拴绳索链条时损坏难办终链条固定盘子端台功率绞车开动起盘子慢慢浮出水面轻轻拽运河岸边令忐忑安瞬间盘子晃晃悠悠岸突然失衡跌回水中工次次沉重金属夹子盘子夹住便盘子安装铁链次盘子必须垂直吊出水面盘子边紧着运河河岸绞盘机次启动位工发动急修车引擎分钟盘子成功拽出水面波浪盘子两侧急涌出运河里掀起股浪波浪河岸折回时次盘子拖进水里危险工动作迅速终赶股浪返回前盘子拽岸

    Lesson44 Speed and comfort
    People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land sea or air Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey Reading is only a partial solution for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep During the day sleep comes in snatches At night when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so If you are lucky enough to get a couchette you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling or fumbling to find your passport when you cross a frontier Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted Long car journeys are even less pleasant for it is quite impossible even to read On motorways you can at least travel fairly safely at high speeds but more often than not the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic By comparison trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks play games swim meet interesting people and enjoy good foodalways assuming of course that the sea is calm If it is not and you are likely to get seasick no form of transport could be worse Even if you travel in ideal weather sea journeys take a long time Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of travelling on a ship
    Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them They also have the grave disadvantage of being the most expensive form of transport But nothing can match them for speed and comfort Travelling at a height of 30000 feet far above the clouds and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience You do not have to devise
    ways of taking your mind off the journey for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly For a few hours you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services But even when such refinements are not available there is plenty to keep you occupied An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys You really see the shape of the land If the landscape is hidden from view you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping However you decide to spend your time one thing is certain you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey
     出远门常常需决定走旱路水路坐飞机少够真正喜欢坐时火车车厢快变拥挤闷热想摆脱开旅途困扰难书解决部分问题车轮铁轨间单调嘎喳声快会送进入梦乡白天忽睡忽醒夜晚真想睡难入睡走运弄卧铺夜间半时间会盯着车顶盏蓝灯睡着觉然查票摸索车票旦抵达目总疲惫堪汽车作长途旅行更加舒服连书公路少相快速度安全前行旅行部分时间花路少服务设施交通拥挤相坐船旅行环游文明世界种享受甲板伸展四肢做游戏见种趣享种美味佳肴——然切海风浪静情况果海肆虐起晕船种难受劲种旅行方式会带风浪静坐船旅行占长时间没少会享受坐船旅行乐趣牺牲假期时间
    飞机危险著称连老资格旅行者怕飞机飞机缺点昂贵速度舒适言飞机伦腾云驾雾30000 英尺高空500英里时速旅行种历令心旷神怡必想办法摆脱旅途困扰飞机会迅速送目时躺扶手椅享受着旅途欢乐真正会享受某航班场电影喝香槟没消遣条件总事做飞机观察世界非寻常奇妙美景毫费劲飞越高山幽谷确饱览风貌果种景色遮住观赏展现面前数英里连绵断云海时阳光灿烂天空清澈明朗旅途稳丝毫妨碍阅读睡眠算消磨时间件事肯定抵达目时感精神焕发毫倦意着漫长旅途辛苦花天时间休息恢复精神

    Lesson45 The power of press
    In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned However this freedom can easily be abused Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves Acting on the contention that facts are sacred reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government
    The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight dramatically illustrates the power of the press The family lived in Aberdeen a small town of 23000 inhabitants in South Dakota As the parents had five children life was a perpetual struggle against poverty They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even more pressing economic problems If they had only had one more child the fact would have passed unnoticed They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets four girls and a boy an event which radically changed their lives The day after the birth of the five children an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers The news was of national importance for the poor couple had become the parents of the only quintuplets in America
    The rise to fame was swift Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs Gifts poured in not only from unknown people but from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new 100000 home Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences The event brought serious changes to the town itself Plans were announced to build a huge new highway as Aberdeen was now likely to attract thousands of tourists Signposts erected on the outskirts of the town directed tourists not to Aberdeen but to 'QuintCity USA' The local authorities discussed the possibility of erecting a 'quint museum' to satisfy the curiosity of the public and to protect the family from inquisitive tourists While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery their parents were paying the price for fame It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives They had become the victims of commercialization for their names had acquired a market value The town itself received so much attention that almost every one of the inhabitants was affected to a greater or less degree
     民国家里限制新闻企图理然受谴责然种容易滥常轶事政治事件更引起公众注意喜欢关生活报道否样喜欢关生活报道难说记者事实点行事发表关生活细节时会事造成极痛苦新闻具巨威力仅寻常家生活带重变化甚推翻政府
    面户穷夜间出名发财事戏剧性说明新闻报道威力户家住南达科州口23000 镇镇名阿拜丁家里已5孩子全家常年贫困中挣扎第6孩子问世面着更严峻济问题果添1孩子件事会引起注意家会继续克服济拮奋斗默默闻活出意料生五胞胎4女1男事生活发生根变化五胞胎降生第二天架飞机飞抵阿拜丁机带60名记者摄影师
    家迅速出名电视摄机报纸消息传送全国报纸杂志出高价购买文字图片独家报道权素昧生寄量礼物婴食品婴肥皂制造厂商产品做广告寄量礼物家住旧家舍座价值50万美元新住宅取代记者纷纷求会见请律师充家发言举行记者招会眼五胞胎静静躺医院婴室氧气帐里父母名声付出代价法正常生活成商业化受害者名字具市场价值孩子立成商品5新家庭成员

    Lesson46 Do it yourself
    So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer for there are countless doityourself publications Armed with the right tools and materials newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes Men of all ages spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces layingout their own gardens building garages and making
    furniture Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own record players and radio transmitters Shops cater for the doityourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home Such things provide an excellent outlet for pentup creative energy but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen
    Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile Even husbands who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians carpenters plumbers and mechanics When lights fuse furniture gets rickety pipes get clogged or vacuum cleaners fail to operate wives automatically assume that their husbands will somehow put things right
    The worst thing about the doityourself game is that sometimes husbands live under the delusion that they can do anything even when they have been repeatedly proved wrong It is a question of pride as much as anything else  Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawnmower It had broken down the previous summer and though I promised to repair it I had never got round to it I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself One Saturday afternoon I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it As far as I could see it only needed a minor adjustment a turn of a screw here a little tightening up there a drop of oil and it would be as good as new Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple The mower firmly refused to mow so I decided to dismantle it The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawnmower But I was extremely pleased with myself I had traced the cause of the trouble One of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused
    to work after I had reassembled it for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere I gave up in despair The weeks passed and the grass grew When my wife nagged me to do something about it I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawnmower which I have promised to repair one day
     现动手做事热情高结果专业工赖越越少出版计数教动手做事书报杂志没说某事知新婚夫妇找合适工具材料喜气洋洋开始布置新房特男常利空闲时间安装壁炉布置花园建造车库制作家具热衷动手甚组装电脑满足动手热需商店仅初学者提供专门咨询服务顾客准备种零件供买回家安装东西潜创造力提供绝妙武幸非工巧匠
    妻子常常认丈夫聪明干甚连枚钉子钉直男认天生电工木匠水工机械师电灯保险丝烧断家具榫头松动道堵塞吸尘器动时妻子认丈夫总办法动手例子中糟糕时甚男接连失败误什行原面子
    年春天妻子请检查家割草机台割草机年夏天坏答应修直没抽出时间愿听妻子建议说会修星期六午割草机拉花园里仔细检查番需稍加调整紧紧螺丝固定加滴油会新样事实修理工作远简单修完割草机纹丝动决定拆开会工夫割草机便拆成金属零件乱七八糟堆花园里非常高兴找毛病驱动轮子链条断节买根新链条面令眼花缭乱拼板重新组装起等装完台割草机然动动倒感吃惊原简单剩形状奇特零件似里装奈罢休星期草长起妻子喋喋休想点办法告诉买台新割草机草长说家现已丛林包围深草丛中某方台正生锈割草机答应某日修理割草机

    Lesson47 Through the earth’s crust
    Satellites orbiting round the earth have provided scientists with a vast amount of information about conditions in outer space By comparison relatively little is known about the internal structure of the earth It has proved easier to go up than to go down The deepest hole ever to be
    bored on land went down 25340 feet considerably less than the height of Mount Everest Drilling a hole under the sea has proved to be even more difficult The deepest hole bored under sea has been about 20000 feet Until recently scientists have been unable to devise a drill which would be capable of cutting through hard rock at great depths This problem has now been solved Scientists have developed a method which sounds surprisingly simple A new drill which is being tested at Leona Valley Ranch in Texas is driven by a turbine engine which is propelled by liquid mud pumped into it from the surface As the diamond tip of the drill revolves it is lubricated by mud Scientists have been amazed to find that it can cut through the hardest rock with great ease The drill has been designed to bore through the earth to a depth of 35000 feet It will enable scientists to obtain samples of the mysterious layer which lies immediately below the earth's crust This layer is known as the Mohorovicic Discontinuity but is commonly referred to as 'the Moho'
    Before it is possible to drill this deep hole scientists will have to overcome a number of problems Geological tests will be carried out to find the point at which the earth's crust is thinnest The three possible sites which are being considered are all at sea two in the Atlantic Ocean and  one in the Pacific Once they have determinded on a site they will have to erect a drilling vessel which will
    not be swept away by ocean currents The vessel will consist of an immense platform which will rise to 70 feet above the water It will be supported by six hollow columns which will descend to a depth of 60 feet below the ocean surface where they will be fixed to a huge float A tall steel tower rising to a height of nearly 200 feet will rest on the platform The drill will be stored in the tower
    and will have to be lowered through about 15000 feet of water before operations can begin Within the tower there will be a laboratory living accommodation and a helicopter landing station Keeping the platform in position at sea will give rise to further problems To do this scientists will have to devise methods using radar and underwater television If during the operations the drill has to be withdrawn it must be possible to reinsert it Great care will therefore have to be taken to keep the platform steady and make it strong enough to withstand hurricanes If the project is successful scientists will not only learn a great deal about the earth but possibly about the nature of the universe itself
     污染口密度工业化星球付出代价开始考虑垃圾问题时4种付垃圾方法:倾倒焚烧垃圾变成生材料试图少产生垃圾直试4种方式世界范围仅产生垃圾量覆盖危险
    然垃圾星球污染问题方面日益增长廉价食物需求导致种形式污染工业化农作方式生产出廉价肉类制品——牛肉猪肉鸡肉杀虫剂化肥生产出廉价谷物蔬菜廉价食物付出代价已太高:牛肉中疯牛病鸡肉鸡蛋中沙门氏菌奶制品中利斯特杆菌果想放弃肉类变成位素食者两者择:选价格昂贵机培植蔬菜认享新鲜色拉新鲜蔬菜饮杯害水时候实际次断吃进杀虫剂
    种更加隐蔽害污染专门影响城镇区侵袭日常生活噪音防盗警报器白天黑夜时候会响起作骚扰路行实际帮助窃贼入室行窃街汽车防盗警报断吼极度烦燥原关噪音作调查(令吃惊)指出夜间连续断狗声1级7级刻度表应列严重噪间污染调查揭示喜欢量噪间源:夏天呜呜作响割草机公寓楼里深夜聚会喧哗声声吵闹邻居式样车辆特穿越寂静村庄集装箱卡车头顶飞飞机直升机带公场音量开功率收音机新技术噪音作贡献许反移动式电话特饭店公交通车等公场移动电话移动电话声交谈干扰思路破坏朋友起轻声聊天乐趣关噪音污染调查揭示种出意外时会引意外时会引发笑老式噪音源竟然鼾声类方面罪魁祸首调查指出2035岁左右男鼾60岁年龄段数字升令惊愕60数字相5 女性常鼾余常睡吹号似着呼噜男吵醒弄睡着噪声方点肯定:寂静已变成种珍贵回忆

    Lesson48 The silent village
    In this muchtravelled world there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyableas my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans
    We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity These attracted many visitors for they were not only of great architectural interest but contained a
    large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well On the day before our departure several bus loads of tourists descended on the town This was more than we could bear so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside Taking a path which led out of the town we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood We expected the path to end abruptly but we found that it traced its way through the trees We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream We could see that the path continued on the other side but we had no idea how we could get across the stream Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank In it there was a boatman fast asleep We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side Though he was reluctant to do so at first we eventually persuaded him to take us The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses Even under a clear blue sky the village looked forbidding as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks The village seemed deserted the only sign of life being an uglylooking black goat tied to a tree on a short length of
    rope in a field nearby Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch All at once I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate We offered them food and spoke to them kindly but they remained motionless I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers When we later walked down the main street of the village we were followed by a silent procession of children The village which had seemed deserted immediately came to life Faces appeared at windows Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors We needed no further warning Turning back down the main street we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting
     旅游频繁世界成千万游足迹未方总偏僻方村民热情客外国旅游者隔绝国胞隔绝游客抱敌意真正偏僻村庄旅游件愉快事情妻子次周游巴尔干半岛时深体会
    座镇逗留天参观附许古老教堂教堂吸引量游客仅建筑风格奇特量保存完壁画离开镇前天镇辆满载游客公汽车难忍受决定利天乡间游走条出镇路穿块农田片茂密树林原路会突然终止没想树林中继续前延伸树林中跋涉两时条深溪边路深溪岸继续前伸展知越道深溪突然妻子发现岸边泊着条船船船夫呼呼睡轻轻唤醒请摆渡溪开始愿意劝说终意
    着路座落陡峭山坡村庄条未修筑弯弯曲曲道路路两边排列着矮农舍农舍全灰色土坯建成晴朗蓝天底村庄会令感难亲村里似居住唯生命迹象附田里面目憎黑山羊截短绳拴棵树田边堵东倒西歪篱笆墙坐开听沙丁鱼罐头吃顿野外午餐突然注意妻子十分惊恐抬头发现群衣衫褴褛孩团团围住默作声着吃饭东西吃客客气气交谈动动认陌生面前表现出害羞村里街道行走时候队默作声孩子头刚似空荡荡村庄子活跃起窗口露出张张面孔穿着衬衣男站屋子外面凶狠盯着披黑纱巾老妇站门口偷偷瞅着令害怕处没点声音毫疑问访受欢迎需进步警告便掉转身子着条街道加快步伐快速深溪边走希船夫等着

    Lesson49 The Ideal Servant
    It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation domestic servants Aunt Harriet lived in that
    leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework She had a huge rambling country house called 'The Gables' She was sentimentally attached to this house for even though it was far
    too big for her needs she persisted in living there long after her husband's death Before she grew old aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly I often visited The Gables when I was a boy No matter
    how many guests were present the great house was always immaculate The parquet floors shone like mirrors highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed cleaned and polished She always referred to them as' the shifting population' for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names Though my aunt pursued what was in those days an enlightened policy in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day she was extremely difficult to please While she always decried the fickleness of human nature she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie Bessie worked for aunt Harriet for three years During that time she so gained my aunt's confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff
    Aunt Hariet could not find words to praise Bessie's industry and efficiency In addition to all her other qualifications Bessie was an expert cook She acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before aunt Harriet discovered her 'little weakness' After being absent from The Gables for a week my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner Not only was the meal well below the usual standard but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily She bumped into the furniture and  kept mumbling about the guests When she came in with the last course—a huge puddingshe tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air narrowly missed my aunt and crashed on the dining table with considerable force Though this occasioned great mirth among the guests aunt Harriet was horrified She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk The guests had of course realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and long before the final catastrophe had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement The poor girl was dismissed instantly After her departure aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe They had mysteriously found their way there from the winecellar
     姑妈哈丽特年前世倒件事果活天热衷话题佣发表意见哈丽特生活悠闲年代家务事雇佣代劳乡幢巨杂乱房子作山墙庄园幢房子感情难舍难分房子实太丈夫世年然执意长年住哈丽特姑妈年轻时喜欢摆宴席招宾客时候常山墙庄园作客少宾客房子里总收拾干干净净镶木板洁明镜擦发亮银器陈列明亮玻璃柜里连姑夫量藏书保存奇迹般尘染哈丽特姑妈统率着支见佣军停擦拭清扫刷洗称佣流动口匆匆甚没机会知道姓名姑妈佣时算开明佣天工作超8时难称心意方面总批评性三暮四方面持恒寻找理想佣贝西伤心找直死
    贝西哈丽特家干3年期间赢姑母赏识甚家哈丽特知该什言辞赞扬贝西勤奋高效贝西种领外烹饪师担理想仆角色3年哈丽特终发现弱点次姑妈星期没山墙庄园住天午出意回带批客吩咐贝西准备晚饭结果仅饭菜远时做贝西走起路似东倒西歪撞家具嘴里断咕咕哝哝议客端着道菜——盘布丁——走进屋时毯绊跤布丁飞半空姑母身边擦然狠狠砸餐桌件事引起客欢笑哈丽特着实吓跳认定贝西喝醉客然贝西开门刻起出长段时间里乱子发生前努力克制没笑出声贝西解雇贝西走哈丽特姑妈发现贝西前衣柜里整整齐齐放着堆堆形状导酒瓶子酒瓶神知鬼觉酒窖里

    Lesson50 New Year Resolutions
    The New Year is a time for resolutions Mentally at least most of us could compile formidable lists of ' do's' and' don'ts ' The same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity We resolve to get up earlier each morning eat less find more time to play with the children do a thousand and one jobs about the house be nice to people we don't like drive carefully and take the dog for a walk every day Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment If we remain inveterate smokers it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure Most of us fail in our efforts at selfimprovement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways Aware of these pitfalls this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself I limited myself to two modest ambitions to do physical exercises every morning and to read more of an evening An allnight party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year but on the second I applied myself assiduously to the task The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up The selfdiscipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable  Nevertheless I managed to creep down into the livingroom for two days before anyone found me out After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition It was this that betrayed me The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance That was really unsettling but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family goodhumouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea However my enthusiasm waned The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero By January 10th I was back to where I had started from I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book one night however feeling cold and lonely I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read That proved to be my undoing for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading In fact I have just bought a book entitled 'How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute' Perhaps it will solve my problem but I just haven't had time to read it
     新年决心时候少数心里会编排出份应做什应做什令生畏单子相决心单调规律年复年出现决心天早晨起早吃少花点时间孩子起做游戏做量家务喜欢友善心驾车天带着狗散步等等验告诉事办果烟瘾戒掉屡戒屡败失信心数想完善遭失败规划宏根没时间实施犯根性错误决心家宣布样旦滑回老惯眼里会显更加难堪深知问题年计划严加保密定两项适中务天早锻炼身体天晚点书新年夕举办次通宵晚会理直气壮新年头天免两项务新年第二天全力赴着做
    早锻炼11分钟算起床前进行求时早11分钟床拽起种约束艰苦开头两天成功蹑手蹑脚楼起居室谁没发现毯跳蹦扭曲身子摆出种姿势弄浑身舒服然坐桌边吃早饭副筋疲力样子正副模样泄露秘密第二天早晨全家结队起居室表演真意思心气顶住全家嘲笑奚落久家常时热情减退花锻炼时间逐渐减少慢慢11分钟减零1月10日恢复原作息时间辩解说早晨少耗费精力锻炼晚班回家书时头脑更清醒天晚极力摆脱电视诱惑坐房间里两眼盯书天夜里感冷孤单便楼坐电视机前假装书完会恢复前坏惯屏幕前起瞌睡没放弃书决心事实刚买分钟读千字诀窍书许书解决问题直没时间书

    Lesson51 Automation
    One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers They are already widely used in industry and in universities and the time may come when it will be possible
    for ordinary people to use them as well Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put
    thousands of unrelated facts in order These machines can be put to varied uses For instance they can provide information on the best way to prevent traffic accidents or they can count the number
    of times the word 'and' has been used in the Bible Because they work accurately and at high speeds they save research workers years of hard work This whole process by which machines can be used to work for us has been called automation In the future automation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences
    Some time ago an expert on automation Sir Leon Bagrit pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could 'think' There is no possibility that human beings will be 'controlled by machines' Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving on their performance they need detailed instructions from human beings in order to be able to operate They can never as it were lead independent lives or 'rule the world' by making decisions of their own
    Sir Leon said that in the future computers would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information Computers could be plugged into a national network and be used like radios For instance people going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions car drivers could be given alternative routes when there are traffic jams It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort for many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure to understand each other Computers will also be used in hospitals By providing a machine with a patient's symptoms a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness Similarly machines could be used to keep a check on a patient's health record and bring it up to date Doctors will therefore have immediate access to a great many facts which will help them in their work Bookkeepers and accountants too could be relieved of dull clerical work for
    the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of figures could be done entirely by machines Computers are the most efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit to the way they can be used to improve our lives
     众周知预测未非常困难举例子吧20世纪70年代中叶谁想20世纪末时候家庭计算机会电视机样普遍?70年代计算机已相普公司政府部门组织中称机计算机机确实常常占装空调间房间雇专职技师专门编写软件运行然种计算机然存许功已体积功齐全电脑——常说PC机——代
    1975年美国推出台称牛郎星原始机型严格说起称第台家电脑指方70年代末牛郎星出现种称苹果机型80年代初计算机行业王牌公司美国国际商机器公司(IBM)生产出世界第台电脑种电脑采种称磁盘操作系统(DOS)工作程序种程序时规模微软公司生产IBM电脑规模模仿简陋初级阶段现已普简便家电脑媒体微机发展
    想想发展时间短更觉英国莱昂巴格瑞特着非力60年代预言天知道计算机途巴格瑞特根接受计算机学会思考计算统治世界种想法种想法时愿意相信巴格瑞特预示天计算机手计算机办公室员会计免枯燥重复劳动计算机功现变常然莱昂巴格瑞特根没预测国际交互网——计算机连结电话线路便世界方立进行联系世界范围通讯系统——发展法预测利国际交互网获取关已知专题信息便家里屏幕阅读果愿意话甚印出计算机已变体积越越功越越价格越越低莱昂巴格瑞特预测非方果什天活着话概告诉50年会发生什事情

    Lesson52 Mud is mud
    My cousin Harry keeps a large curiously shaped bottle on permanent display in his study Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick greyish substance If you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud If you expressed doubt or surprise he would immediately invite you to smell it and then to rub some into your skin This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might entertain The bottle really does contain perfumed mud How Harry came into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating Further more the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years
    Harry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive cosmetic shops and make outrageous requests for goods that do not exist He would invent fanciful names on the spot On entering a shop he would ask for a new perfume called 'Scented Shadow' or for 'insoluble bath cubes' If a shop girl told him she had not heard of it he would pretend to be considerably put out He loved to be told that one of his imaginary products was temporarily out of stock and he would faithfully promise to call again at some future date but of course he never did How Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me
    Harry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought his precious bottle of mud One day he went to an exclusive shop in London and asked for 'Myrolite' The shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word slowly stressing each syllable When the girl shook her head in bewilderment Harry went on to explain that 'myrolite' was a hard amberlike substance which could be used to remove freckles This explanation evidently conveyed something to the girl who searched shelf after shelf She produced all sorts of weird concoctions but none of them met with Harry's requirements When Harry put on his act of being mildly annoyed the girl promised to order some for him Intoxicated by his success Harry then asked for perfumed mud He expected the girl to look at him in blank astonishment However it was his turn to be surprised for the girl's eyes immediately lit up and she 'fetched several botties which she placed on the counter for Harry  to inspect For once Harry had to admit defeat He picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle and discreetly asked the price He was glad to get away with a mere five guineas and he beat a hasty retreat clutching the precious bottle under his arm From then on Harry decided that this little game he had invented might prove to be expensive The curious bottle which now adorns the bookcase in his study was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics
     堂兄哈里书房里直摆着形状古怪瓶子瓶子呈淡绿色细心客快会发现瓶里装种黏稠颜色发灰东西问哈里瓶里装着什会告诉香水泥果表示怀疑惊奇会立请闻闻然取出抹皮肤简单试验会消存切疑虑瓶里装确香水泥哈里种稀奇古怪东西里趣事挺爱讲听外瓶香水泥治年坏惯
    哈里认走进家名贵化妆品商店荒唐提出买种根存商品件开心事会场编造出稀奇古怪货名走进商店会提出种名香影新型香水什溶浴皂女售货员告诉未听说东西会装出十分遗憾安样子爱听售货员说想出种东西暂时脱销煞介事许诺改天光顾然会实想出哈里表演中样装出正样子
    毋须暗示哈里会讲起买瓶珍贵香水泥天伦敦家高级商店买种密诺莱特东西店员露出诧异神色哈里慢慢字顿说遍词女售货员迷惑解摇摇头哈里便进步解释密诺莱特种质坚硬状似琥珀东西雀斑解释显然女售货员启示货架接着货架寻找出种样稀奇古怪化妆品没样够符合哈里求哈里装出高兴样子时女售货员答应定货哈里骗术感洋洋意提出买香水泥原想女售货员会惊奇着知措没料回该轮吃惊女售货员听完哈里话马眼睛亮出瓶东西放柜台哈里挑选哈里认输挑出瓶子谨慎问价庆幸破费20英镑便脱身宝贵瓶子放腋夹着溜吉认识发明恶作剧付出代价书房书柜里摆着瓶形状古怪香水泥第次次购买稀化妆品

    Lesson53 In the public interest
    The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers The system has worked so well that it has been adopted in other countries like Denmark Norway Finland and New Zealand Even countries with large populations like Britain and the United States are seriously considering imitating the Swedes
    The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants collectors can make mistakes or act overzealously in the belief that they are serving the public As long ago as 1809 the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman' but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'JO' or 'Ombudsman' The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society As complaints must be made in writing the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection If a citizen's complaint is justified the Ombudsman will act on his behalf The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work
    A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been illtreated by the police simply because he was a foreigner The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusation It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files It was only possible for the Ombudsman to
    find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him he would be prosecuted The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed
     斯堪纳维亚半岛国实行开明社会政策受全世界推崇瑞典已逐渐形成种完善制度保护公民受专横称职政府官员欺压种制度行效已国家采纳
    瑞典首先认识政府工作员文职员警官卫生稽查员税务员等等会犯错误者公众服务事情做头早1809年瑞典会建立保护公民利益制度议会代表政利益委员会委派位称职选专门调查国家意见官衔司法特派员瑞典般JO司法特派员司法特派员受政治压力制约听取社会阶层种意见进行调查意见均需书面形式提出司法特派员年均收1200封信8位律师作助手协助工作封信详细批阅司法特派员工作没什秘密言信件公开供公众监督果公民意见正确司法特派员便伸张正义司法特员采取行动意见性质善意批评某位官员甚议会提议修改某项法律述事件司法特派员工作典型例子
    住瑞典乡村外国写信司法特派员抱怨说受警察虐原外国司法特派员立写信警察局长请寄送事关材料材料中没文字记载证明外国说情况符合事实警察局长矢口否认指控司法特派员难处理收住村庄外国写封容类似投诉信时立派出位律师前调查律师证实警察确实次粗鲁外国警察歧视外国事官方档案中加记载司法特派员派代表核事实解真相事警察受严厉斥责告知果投诉受起诉司法特派员时采取行动迅速制止起愉快事件然件事未注意

    Lesson54 Instinct or cleverness
    We have been brought up to fear insects We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good Man continually wages war on item for they contaminate his food carry diseases or devour his crops They sting or bite without provocation they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights or beat against our lighted windows We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps but of quite harmless ones like moths Reading about them increases our understanding with out dispelling our fears Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly
    organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch No matter how much we like honey or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess we have a horror of being stung Most of our fears are unreasonable but they are impossible to erase At the same time however insects are strangely fascinaing We enjoy reading about them especially when we find that like the praying mantis they lead perfectly horrible lives We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their business unaware (we hope) of our presence Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle
    Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house I am especially proud of it not only because it has survived several severe winters but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches During the summer I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves They were visited by a laop colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them I immediately embarked on an experiment which even though it failed to get rid of the ants kept me fascinated for twentyfour hours I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it For a long time I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair Instead I saw that they had discovered a new route They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of
    the tree I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods
     幼昆虫惧怕中长昆虫作害益少东西类断昆虫斗争昆虫弄脏食物传播疾病吞噬庄稼缘叮咬夏天晚未邀请便飞房间里者着露出亮光窗户乱扑乱撞日常生活中憎恶蜘蛛黄蜂类令讨厌昆虫憎恶害飞蛾等阅读关昆虫书增加解消恐惧心理知道勤奋蚂蚁生活具高度组织性社会里群蚂蚁精心准备午间野餐爬行时法抑制反感爱吃蜂蜜读少关蜜蜂具神秘识方灵感书然十分害怕蜂蜇恐惧部分没道理法消时知什昆虫迷喜欢关昆虫书尤解螳螂等着种令生畏生活时更加爱读关昆虫书喜欢入迷做事知道(愿)身边蜘蛛扑苍蝇时队蚂蚁抬着巨死甲虫凯旋时谁感敬畏呢?
    年夏天花天时间站花园里观察成千蚂蚁爬棵心爱桃树树干棵树着房子遮挡面暖墙生长棵树感特豪仅度寒冬终活时结出甘甜桃子夏天发现树叶开始枯萎结果树叶背面找成串作蚜虫虫子蚜虫遭窝蚂蚁攻击蚂蚁身获种蜜动手作项试验项试验没摆脱蚂蚁着迷24时条胶带桃树底部包蚂蚁接蚜虫胶带极粘蚂蚁敢面爬长段时间里见蚂蚁围着树底部回转悠知措半夜着电筒花园里满意(时惊奇)发现蚂蚁围着胶带团团转力第二天早起床希见蚂蚁已放弃尝试结果发现找条新路径正着房子外墙爬然爬树叶懊丧感败足智谋蚂蚁手蚂蚁已快找相应策付套完全科学办法

    Lesson55 From the earth greatings
    Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of the universe Radio telescopes have one big advantage over conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very distant stars These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space The most powerful signals that have been received have been emitted by what seem to be truly colossal stars which scientists have named 'quasars'
    A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our conception of the nature of the universe The radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in England was for many years the largest in the world A new telescope over twice the size was recently built at Sugar Grove in West Virginia Astronomers no longer regard as fanciful the idea that they may one day pick up signals which have been sent by intelligent beings on other worlds This possibility gives rise to interesting speculations Highly advanced civilizations may have existed on other planets long before intelligent forms of life evolved on the earth Conversely intelligent being which are just beginning to develop on remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in thousands of years' time or when life on earth has become extinct Such speculations no longer belong to the realm of science fiction for astronomers are now exploring the chances of communicating with living creatures (if they exist) on distant planets This undertaking which has been named Project Ozma was begun in 1960 but it may take a great many years before results are obtained
    Aware of the fact that it would be impossible to wait thousands or millions of years to receive an answer from a distant planet scientists engaged in Project Ozma are concentrating their attention on stars which are relatively close One of the most likely stars is Tau Ceti which is eleven light years away If signals from the earth were received by intelligent creatures on a planet circling this
    star we would have to wait twentytwo years for an answer The Green Bank telescope in West Virginia has been specially designed to distinguish between random signals and signals which might be in code Even if contact were eventually established astronomers would not be able to rely on language to communicate with other beings They would use mathematics as this is the
    only truly universal language Numbers have the same value anywhere For this reason intelligent creatures in any part of the universe would be able to understand a simple arithmetical sequence They would be able to reply to our signals using similar methods The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures A single picture would tell us more than thousands of words In an age when anything seems to be possible it would be narrowminded in the extreme to ridicule these attempts to find out if there is life in other parts of the universe
     天文学方面新发展够银河系星系发现行星重成相说行星发光寻找行星证明相困难行星发现生命会变艰难第需解答问题颗行星否够维持生命条件举例说太阳系里生命说金星温度太高火星温度太低球提供理想条件里植物动物进化40亿年时间
    颗行星否够维持生命取决恒星——太阳——亮度设想颗恒星太阳亮热20倍颗行星维持生命离开恒星非常远反果恒星维持生命行星离恒星轨道运行极条件生命发展找样颗行星呢?现没台现存远镜发现生命存开发样台远镜会21世纪天文学重研究课题
    放置球远镜法观察行星生命球周围温暖气层远镜散出热量根找行星更物体台放置围绕球轨道远镜——非常成功哈勃远镜——太阳系中尘埃微粒法胜远镜放置木星样遥远行星外层空间搜寻生命越接太阳系边缘尘埃越稀薄旦找样颗行星想办法恒星射光线遮暗样彻底见颗行星分析气层首先寻找植物种绿行星容易生存细菌正细菌生产出球呼吸氧气球发展部分进程中细菌球唯生命形式作球居民总存样希:绿拜访交流种希总科幻说中存果够颗行星找诸细菌种低等生命发现彻底改变法正美国国家航空宇宙航空局丹尼尔戈尔丁指出方发现生命会改变切类努力想法会发生变化

    Lesson56 The river beside our farm
    The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has always played an important part in our lives Without it we could not make a living There is only enough spring water to supply the needs of the house so we have to pump from the river for farm use We tell the river all our secrets We know instinctively just as beekeepers with their bees that misfortune might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related to it
    We have special river birthday parties in the summer Sometimes we go upstream to a favourite backwater some times we have our party at the boathouse which a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving In a heatwave we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most exciting of all We welcome the seasons by the river side crowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring holding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve giving thanks for the harvest in the autumn and throwing a holly wreath into the current in the winter After a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom god to extremes We are lucky in that only the lower fields which make up a very small proportion of our farm are affected by flooding but other farms are less favourably sited and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners
    One bad winter we watched the river creep up the lower meadows All the cattle had been moved into stalls and we stood to lose little We were however worried about our nearest neighbours whose farm was low lying and who were newcomers to the district As the floods had put the telephone out of order we could not find out how they were managing From an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their land joined ours and at the most critical juncture we took turns in watching that point The first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down Next came a horse swimming bravely but we were afraid that the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted Suddenly a raft appeared looking rather like Noah's ark carrying the whole family a few hens the dogs a cat and a bird in a cage We realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood for their house which had sound foundations would have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank We still think it a miracle that they were able to do so
     形成农场东部边界条河流直生活中发挥着重作没条河法生存泉水满足家庭生活水必须河里抽水农业生产条河倾诉秘密懂养蜂蜜蜂样生活中重事件告诉条河祸头
    夏天条河举办特殊生日宴会时溯流喜爱回水河汊举办时船坞举办船坞农场位前辈块草盖草紧挨着专供游泳跳水深水池天气炎热时便选择半夜举办生日聚会种聚会令激动河边迎接年四季春天河边年轻姑娘戴花冠夏天河边欢庆仲夏前夜秋天河边丰收感恩冬天河中抛撒冬表花环
    久雨河水会泛滥成灾里气候少发生异常河水极少泛滥值庆幸低洼受洪水影响低洼农场例农场势欠佳洪水时会农场带灾难
    年冬天天气眼着河水浸没势较低草场牲口已提前转移畜圈里没造成什损失邻担心农场势低洼新乍洪水造成电话中断法解情况顶楼窗口农场农场接壤处段河流览余紧急时刻轮流监视段河流险情灾难第迹象死羊流接着匹活马勇敢水搏击担心洪水力量岸前筋疲力突然出现筏子起诺亚方舟面载着全家老母鸡狗猫鸟笼里头鸟意识定断涨洪水吓坏房子基牢固洪水灭顶会倒塌家男手船篙水淹没草场希够钩住筏子角拽出激流拖回岸边终成功认奇迹

    Lesson57 The return of the native
    I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map I had expected to be near my objective by now but everything still seemed alien to me I was only five when my father had taken me abroad and that was eighteen years ago When my mother had died after a tragic accident he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness Everything around him was full of her presence continually reopening the wound So he decided to emigrate In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us so that he gradually ceased to grieve He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care but I lacked for nothing for he was both father and mother to me He always meant to go back one day but not to stay His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mother's grave He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and when he knew that he was dying he made me promise to go on my own
    I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps which I found most helpful on the cross country journey but which I did not think I should need on the last stage It was not that I actually remembered anything at all But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone after leaving the nearest town so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory Well I had been wrong for I was now lost
    I looked at the map and then at the milometer I had come ten miles since leaving the town and at this point according to my father I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance I could see no valley no farms no cottages and no church spireonly a lake I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route taking frequent glances at the map I landed up at the same corner The curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country as you sometimes do in dreams And as in a nightmare there was nobody in sight to help me Fortunately for me as I was wondering what to do next there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback riding in my direction I waited till he came near then I asked him the way to our old village He said that there was now no village I thought he must have misunderstood me so I repeated its name This time he pointed to the lake The village no longer existed because it had been submerged and all the valley too The lake was not a natural one but a man made reservoir
     停车汽车发动机冷时查图想离目已远周围切陌生5岁年父亲带出国18年前事时母亲次事中惨死父亲未快悲痛孤独中恢复身边切母亲影子断勾起伤感决定移居国新国家里父亲专心致志俩开创种新生活慢慢伤心父亲没娶没母亲环境里长成什缺父亲母亲总想回国愿长期住样已根深深扎异国土 想家乡父老乡亲母亲扫墓计划回国前月突然身患绝症知道已奄奄息答应定单独回乡趟
    飞机租辆车买详图册乡间行车途中觉非常快家倒觉没什倒非背熟图父亲详细讲离乡镇路标处见什相信段路说会熟悉唉实际错现迷路
    图查里程表镇出走10英里父亲说法面前应山谷农场村舍远远见老家村子里教堂尖顶现出山谷见农舍见教学尖顶见片湖泊想定什方拐错弯驾车返回镇重新路线行驶结果刚拐弯处奇怪湖没图标出感时作梦样迷迷糊糊闯进恶梦境恶梦里样见帮助幸运正走投路时天边出现骑马骑等走问老家路说村子已没想定误解意思说遍村庄名字次手指湖村庄已复存已水淹山谷水淹没天然湖泊座工修建水库

    Lesson58 A little spot of bother
    The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived Her shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest but when she got out at her own floor both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open She was thinking that she must reprimand her daily maid the next morning for such a monstrous piece of negligence when she remembered that she had gone shopping after the maid had left and she knew that she had turned both keys in their locks She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open yet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out Looking into the drawing room she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves but then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her so she went to fetch the porter from his basement By this time her legs were beginning to tremble so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea while he telephoned the police Then her composure regained she was ready to set off with the porter's assistance to
    search for any intruders who might still be lurking in her flat
    They went through the rooms being careful to touch nothing as they did not want to hinder the police in their search for fingerprints The chaos was inconceivable She had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable magpie at hoarding and it seemed as though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over At least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her Then a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat The inspector began to look for fingerprints while the constable checked that the front door locks had not been forced thereby
    proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony There was no trace of fingerprints but the inspector found a dirty red bundle that contained jewellery which the old lady said was not hers So their entry into this flat was apparently not the burglars' first job that day and they must have been disturbed The inspector then asked the old lady to try to check what was missing by the next day and advised her not to stay alone in the flat for a few nights The old lady thought he was a fussy creature but since the porter agreed with him she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she described as a little spot of bother
     老妇回居住公寓楼心里高兴商店买东西搞筋疲力回家路走步感手里篮子重点电梯想着午餐休息楼层走出电梯两件事忘干净突然发现家门开着心想明天午定训斥干家务帮手竟疏忽意突然记起帮手出买东西前走记两钥匙门锁慢慢走进前厅立发现房门敞开着记出门买东西前老规矩房门锁起居室里写字台边片狼籍事情清楚外出时窃贼闯进家门第条件反射房间搜寻窃贼转念想年纪找起室找门时两腿累开始发抖坐喝杯浓茶时门警察挂电话刻老妇镇定准备门协助搜寻躲藏房里窍贼
    俩搜遍房间心翼翼接触东西怕妨碍警察寻找指纹房间里紊乱状况法想老妇套公寓里住30年名副实收藏家件东西翻出里里外外遍样倒容易年前该扔掉东西找出会位巡官带着名警察讲述发现公寓遭劫巡官开始搜寻指纹警察检查发现门锁头撬迹象证明窍贼者万钥匙者翻越阳台进巡官没发现指纹发现装珠宝肮脏红包袱老妇说明显闯进套公寓窃贼天首次作案定受惊吓巡官请老妇次日前设法查清丢什劝夜独公寓夜老妇觉巡官惊怪然门意意见电话女求援说碰点麻烦

    Lesson59 Possession amassing and collecting
    People tend to amass possessions sometimes without being aware of doing so Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned Those who never have to change house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter They leave un wanted objects in drawers cupboards and attics for years in the belief that they may one day need just those very things As they grow old people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons lack of physical and mental energy both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away and sentiment Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past perhaps with relatives who are dead and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste Among these I would list string and brown paper kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened to save buying these two requisites Collecting small items can easily become a mania I know someone who always cuts out from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money As she is not rich the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote but she is never sufficiently strongrminded to be able to stop the practice It is a harmless habit but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it loose bits of paper fall out in every direction

    △scoop n 抢先获新闻利润等Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages It provides relaxation for leisure hours as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy One does not have to go outside for amusement since the collection is housed at home Whatever it consists of stamps records first editions of books china glass antique furniture pictures model cars stuffed birds toy animals
    there is always something to do in connection with it from finding the right place for the latest addition to verifying facts in reference books This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject but also in general matters which have some bearing on it There are also other benefits One wants to meet likeminded collectors to get advice to compare notes to exchange articles to

    select vt 挑选选择show off the latest  find So one's circle of friends grows Soon the hobby leads to travel perhaps to a meeting in another town possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen for collectors are not confined to any one country Over the years one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then if successful to larger audiences In this way selfconfidence grows first from mastering a subject then from being able to talk about it Collecting by occupying spare time so constructively makes a person contented with no time for boredom
     喜欢收藏东西时没意识样做确实旦意中收藏品中找某件东西时种惊喜感觉必搬家成种容收藏家专门收藏称作杂货东西抽屉里碗柜中阁楼堆放着东西放年相信总天需正东西年老喜欢收藏东西出两原:体力精力均告佳二者清东西必少素原感情素东西搁时间久便会充满着岁月联系方说死亲戚关东西慢慢获种超出身价值

    construct vt 建设修建 居家度日目收藏某东西防止浪费东西中想举出线绳包装纸例节俭开包裹便两样必备东西收藏起省日买收集玩艺容易着迷认识总喜欢报纸剪流行服装图样等钱时买服装富裕买起服装性十分渺茫缺乏足够坚强意志收集活动停种惯害写字台里堆满满致次开抽屉总带出许纸片四处飞扬

    have fun with 玩开心作种严肃业余爱收藏活动完全外回事具许益处闲暇中休息欣赏收藏珍品总会充满乐趣必走户外寻求娱乐收藏品存放家中收藏品什邮票唱片头版书籍瓷器玻璃杯老式家具绘画模型汽车鸟类标玩具动物新增添收藏品寻找摆放位置核参考书中事实总事做种爱仅选择专题中受教育关般事物中获长进外益处收藏者会见情趣相投收藏者获取教益交流验交换收藏品炫耀新收藏朋友圈子样断扩久种爱便开始旅行许城市参加会议出国寻找件珍品收藏家分国籍积年验会成种爱权威应邀型集会作非正式讲话果讲更发表演说样信心断增强先掌握门学问接够发表见解收藏活动通富建设性利业余时间感心满意足聊日

    sickness n 疾病恶心
    Lesson60 The importance of Punctuality

    wedding n 婚礼Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs of a civilized society Without it nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion everything would be in a state of chaos Only in a sparsely populated rural community is it possible to disregard it In ordinary living there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality The intellectual who is working on some abstruse problem has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine It is hard for energetic quickminded people to waste time so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment If no accidents occur on the way like punctured tyres diversions of traffic sudden descent of fog they will be on time They are often more industrious useful citizens than those who are never late The overpunctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance Some friends of my family had this irritating habit The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests Then they arrived just when we wanted them

    pollution n 污染弄脏 

    mark out 划线标出……界线If you are catching a train it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute too late Although being early may mean wasting a little time this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one and you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on
    it An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you Such an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was travelling alone
    She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her She gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket To her horror he said that she was two hours too soon She felt in her handbag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down all the details of the journey and give it to the porter He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop but only to take on water not passengers The girl asked to see a timetable feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake The porter went to fetch one and arrived back with the stationmaster who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic 'o' beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station this little 'o' indicated that the train only stopped for water Just as that moment the train came into the station The girl tears streaming down her face begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van But the stationmaster was adamant rules could not be broken And she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind

    ceremony n 典礼仪式礼节准时文明社会中进行切社交活动时必须养成惯准时事成事事会陷入混乱堪境口稀少农村忽视准时惯日常生活中容忍定程度准时专心钻研某复杂问题知识分子搞手头研究切协调致组织周密赴宴迟会谅解准时常常掐钟点致常常受责备精力充沛头脑敏捷极愿意浪费时间常想做完件事赴约路没发生爆胎改道突然起雾等意外事决会迟迟相常常更勤奋公民早迟样令讨厌客提前半时达令讨厌家朋友令恼火惯唯办法请客晚半时样恰求时间达

    ambulance n 救护车 果赶火车早总晚怕早会然早意味着浪费点时间误火车等时坐班车浪费时间少避免种正火车驶出站时赶车站车感沮丧更难堪情况然时赶站台眼睁睁着趟火车启动抛姑娘第次单独出门碰种情况
    火车进站20分钟前进车站父母三说果误趟车东道朋友接两趟应该行李交搬运工车票搬运工说早两时听吃惊钱包里摸出张纸条面父亲次旅行详细说明张纸条交搬运工搬运工说正纸条说确趟火车时刻站停站装邮件载旅客姑娘求时刻表相信父亲事弄错搬运工跑回取时刻表时请站长站长着时刻表挥手指着趟列车站时刻旁边圆圈标记标记表示列车装邮件停车正时火车进站女孩泪流满面央求声响押车员车厢里算站长态度坚决规章制度破坏姑娘眼趟火车消逝方撇
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