务型阅读专项突破
l 知识点1务型阅读概况
综观年全国中考试题务型阅读考查题型：阅读简答题阅读填表题总体两部分构成：短文阅读务
l 知识点2阅读填表式务型阅读题型分类
1 信息查找直接获取答案型
解题思路：类题属细节题直接原文中够找问题题干原文致相需词需变换形式直接文中进行摘抄
l 例题
例1：
原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (联系) your personality
题目：Your in music is related to your personality
例2：
原文：Music tells us who we are Music reflects the creators’ thinking and values as well as the social environment it came from
题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses people’s thinking and ______
例3：
原文：Be active and have a positive attitude (积极态度) towards life Develop confidence in yourself
题目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself
例4：
原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确) by changing abbreviations into whole words symbols into words and shortened sentences into longer sentences Use them to answer your questions If neces
sary ask your teacher for help
题目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions
例5：
原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state driver’s exam they can begin driving themselves to school
题目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests
例6：
原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result
题目：Remembering your motives not your
2 信息转换间接获取答案型
类题实际做题环节时应注意根问题查找定位信息信息仅线索某种提示非终答案定记加工分析转换成种表达方式方正确答案
常见转换方式：
1)词性转换
名词动词形容词副词等词类间转化
初中范围常见词性转换：
A）名词变形容词：
★加y
直接加y healthhealthy frostfrosty rainrainy difficult—difficulty
双写字母加y sunsunny fogfoggy
e加y noisenoisy
★加ful者less
hopehopefulhopeless meaningmeaningfulmeaningless wonderwonderful cheercheerful colourcolouful cheercheerful successsuccessful
endendless
B）形容词变副词：
★直接加ly carefulcarefully beautifulbeautifully badbadly excitedexcitedly
★y结尾y变ily angryangrily heavyheavily noisynoisily happyhappily
★le结尾le变ly comfortablecomfortably possiblepossibly simplesimply
★e加ly truetruly
C）动词形容词变名词：
★加ment
agree—agreement treattreatment advertiseadvertisement punishpunishment
improveimprovement developdevelopment
★加ion
collectcollection donatedonation educateeducation organizeorganization inventinvention
★加ness
richrichness kindkindness illillness uglyugliness sicksicknesssadsadness
D）动词变形容词：
★加ed ing
surprise surprising surprised exciteexciting excited tiretiring tired pleasepleasing(pleasant) pleased
l 例题
例1：
原文：Don＇t wave your hands to the waiters Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them But in France some bread and water will come first then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant Have enough patience(耐心)
题目：Englishmen can’t be ________ enough for meals while Frenchmen can
例2：
原文：Most teens don＇t know what their mom＇s favorite is You do Then what are you waiting for Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up she＇ll be surprised to see it
题目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a ________
例3：
原文：As long as you have studied well you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test
题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test
例4：
原文：Selfrespect is a very important part of a great life
题目：Keeping a sense of selfrespect is of great to a great life
例5：
原文：If we look for good qualities in other people it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves
题目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more
例6：
原文：Why do we need sleep Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question However tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature great weight loss and finally sickness
题目：Why do we need sleep Nobody can answer the question ________
2)词意转换
词汇转换包括义词反义词等功代型转换
初中范围（牛津教材）出现：
A) 单词前加否定前缀构成形容词反义词：
★般情况形容词前加un
eg necessaryunnecessary welcomeunwelcome comfortableuncomfortable
★种特殊情况需形容词前加in ir im dis等：
eg 加in activeinactive correctincorrect
加ir regularirregular
加im possibleimpossible patientimpatient politeimpolite
加dis honestdishonest
B) 常见反义词：
cheapexpensive longshort samedifferent hotcold happysad fastslow easydifficult
generousselfish modestproud strongweak hardworkinglazy cleversilly rememberforget
C) 常见义词：
happinessjoy strong powerful sad unhappy afraid worried energetic lively calm relaxed
influence affect know realize need require hope wish
l 例题
例1：
原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide
题目： to understand new information
例2：
原文：It is said that you won’t want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue(五岳) but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it
题目：It is said that you won’t to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after from it
例3：
原文：Be sure to remember the following safety tips
题目：Don’t _______ the safety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurricane
例4：
原文：If your mind is full of problems in the past you will always feel ashamed and sad
题目：Don’t let your mind filled the mistakes in the past
例5：
原文：It isn’t right to feel better by putting others down
题目：It is to feel better by putting others down
3)句子结构转换
语法匹配 (to ing ed 动语态转换)连词介词运固定句型义句等属句子结构转换容
l 例题：
例1：
原文：In classroom your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say
题目：The information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes
例2：
原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them
题目：Do something to attract the attention
例3：
原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another language
题目：It Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign language
3 信息纳题综合概括获答案
根问题查找定位信息找性东西纳词特征包括：概括性（程度覆盖栏信息)针性（量体裁衣适度)醒目性（简洁）
常见概括性词汇类需学生掌握：
原：cause(s) reason(s)
结果结： result(s) conclusion(s)
目：purpose aim
建议提示： advice suggestion(s) tip(s)
问题：problem(s) trouble
方式方法：method(s) means way(s) manner solution(s)
措施行动：measureaction
特性特点：characteristics feature
处坏处：advantage(s) disadvantage(s)
题：theme(s) topic(s) subject(s)
数字数：data figure(s)
种类：type(s) kind(s)
形势情形： situation(s) condition(s) case(s)
重性意义：importance(s) meaning(s)
l 例题：
例1：
原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep First you should have regular sleep habits Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day You also need to make your bedroom a cool dark quiet place to sleep so that heat light and noise do not disturb you At night you should also avoid things that contain caffeine such as chocolate coffee tea and many soft drinks as caffeine may keep you from sleeping
题目：The title to improve sleep quality
Have regular sleep habits
Make your bedroom cool dark and quiet
Don’t drink anything with caffeine at bedtime
例2：
原文：Nowadays in school lifea lot of students develop a fear of tests It’s not because tests are something to be afraid of Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they don’t have enough selfconfidence and they don’t always think they are well prepared If you follow the tips below it’s not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests
题目：Title to overcome your fear of tests
例3：
题目：Statistics (统计) about school kids’ not having breakfast
ReasonsThey stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes
______ They can’t listen carefully in class They feel sleepy all day
SuggestionsThe morning meal is necessary for it provides much energy
例4：
原文：Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way Science explains how the sun rises and sets Music explores the emotive meanings We need every possible way to discover and response to our world because no one way can get it all
题目：A way to know the world
We can’t discover and respond to our world in just one way Science explains how nature ______
例5：
原文：Music is a form of thought as powerful as science It is a way we human beings talk to each other Through the language we express our feelings our discoveries our ideas our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared with others When we do not let our children receive good music education we take away from them the meanings that music expresses Science does not tell us what it means to be human Music does
题目：Music from science tells us what it means to be human
l 三年九年级期末务型汇编
年份区域
题
文章类型
20172018玄武
A new invention the Plant Lamp
科技说明文
20172018鼓楼
Negative Thoughts
议文
20162017玄武
How to develop respect for yourself
议文
20162017鼓楼
A Father’s Letter to his Child
信件
20152016玄武
The World is Getting Smaller
议文
20152016鼓楼
Kobe—One of the Best Basketball Players
物传记
20172018学年南京市玄武区九年级学期期末
Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa a small village in Peru South America However things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains destroyed the only power cables in the area The villagers were forced to use oil lamps which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce
Luckily researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb
While that may sound amazing and even impossible the science behind the idea is quite simple As plants create their food (using the sun’s energy water and chemicals from the soil) they also produce waste which they return to the soil Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(电子) The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries for later use The researchers say a single charge (电荷)can power a 50walt LED light for two hours enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done
The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017 So far they have been a huge success Elmer Ramirez the UT professor who invented the lamp believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people especially small rainforest communities 42 of whom have no electricity
A new invention the Plant Lamp
The problem in the small village
The people living in Nuevo Saposoa always have much ____56______ getting electricity However things went ____57____ for the only power cables there was destroyed by heavy rains The villagers had to use oil lamps ___58_____ they are expensive to use and can be bad for health
The ___59____ to solve the problem
Some researchers made a new kind of lamp It can be powered by _____60_____ objects found in the rainforestplants and soil
The lamp takes ____61____ from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it light up an LED light bulb
The science explanation
Plants create their food and produce waste which is ____62___ to the soil at the same time Some tiny animals feed on the waste and produce electrons
The UT team can get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries The researchers say a 50walt LED light can be powered by a single charge for local villagers to ______63____ their evening work
Conclusion
Ten Plant Lamps were given to the villagers and they have been very ____64______ since then Elmer Ramirez the inventor of the lamp ___65___ that Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people
20172018学年南京市鼓楼区九年级学期期末
In our daily life many people always have negative(消极) thoughts Being in a negative space is harmful to our life and study If you keep them in mind you will lose hope sooner or later Let’s drive away some of the most common negative thoughts
No one cares about me
Sometimes you say that your family and friends don’t care about you Maybe you’re being too negative and misunderstand the gestures of love they show you They don’t even have to be big gestures but there are many countless little things they do for you Maybe you just pay no attention to them and take them as granted Perhaps you think they don’t care about you so you don’t make any effort in your relationships Start showing people you care so they can show you back in the same way And if you don’t have good relationships with the people you know what’s stopping you from making new friends
Why is she better off
Comparing yourself to someone else is never positive There’s always going to be someone who is younger prettier smarter or richer than you If you keep admiring what someone else has then this may cause you to lose the balance in your mind which will open a whole other negative can of worms Remember what they don’t have is your whole package Be proud of what you have because if you want to play the comparison game remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are
I’ll never reach my goal
If you think you’re not going to be able toget there think again There are many people who are worse off and have overcome more difficulty than what you are facing
Everything is within your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude
Title 76 thoughts
Harm
● Being in a negative space does 77 to our life and study
● 78 them in mind will make you lose hope sooner or later
Aspects of negative thoughts
● No one 79 about me
You are too negative to 80 the gestures of love your family and friends show you
● Why is she better off
Keeping admiring what someone else may cause the 81 of the balance in your mind
● I’ll never reach my goal
82 on driving away the negative thoughts
● Make an effort in your relationships and start showing people you care so they can show you back in the same way And if you don’t get 83 well with the people you know what’s stopping you from making new friends
● Be 84 of what you have because if you want to play the comparison game remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are
Conclusion
● Everything is 85 your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude
20162017学年南京市玄武区九年级学期期末
Selfrespect is a very important part of a great life Selfrespect is a feeling of being happy about one’s characters abilities and beliefs If we are short of selfrespect we will be unsafe Developing selfrespect means developing selfconfidence to deal with whatever life throws at us The following are some ways we can improve our selfrespect
There is great social stress from parents work and society to become a certain person and to achieve certain goals A real selfrespect is important that you believe in your own values and remember what is important to you Other people think you should behave in a certain way but it doesn’t mean they are right Everyone needs to follow his or her own path Even if others don’t respect your decision it is important that you do
Nobody likes criticism(批评) To keep a sense of selfrespect we need to learn how to deal with criticism Don’t take criticism personally Don’t get sad by the things other people say or do Maybe it is completely untrue so pay no attention to it If there is some truth we can use it to develop our characters However it is important not to take criticism too personally
Jealousy(嫉妒) of other people’s success is a common way of losing our happiness and selfrespect Jealousy is simply envy of other people’s success We feel unhappy when we cannot enjoy their success The truth is that there will always be some people more successful than us The method for lasting selfrespect is to be happy with others’ success
If you have no respect for others how can you have selfrespect It isn’t right to feel better by putting others down If we look for good qualities in other people it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves
Forgive others and yourself Don’t live in the past but move on from the past mistakes and difficult situations If your mind is full of problems in the past you will always feel ashamed and sad Selfrespect comes when we value our attitude towards life and other people
Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result It is the nature of life that things will not turn out as we hoped but it is a mistake to link our sense of selfrespect to the achievement of targets
Title
How to develop respect for yourself
Theme
Keeping a sense of selfrespect is of great _____56______ to a great life
Idea of selfrespect
Selfrespect is a feeling of being happy with one’s characters abilities and beliefs It can make one_____57______selfconfidence of dealing with all kinds of problems in one’s life
_____58______ to develop Selfrespect
Being true to yourself[源Z|xx|kCom]
Believe in your own values and _____59_____ your own path[源学科网ZXXK][源Z#xx#kCom]
Learning to deal with criticism
●Never get_____60______ by things other people do or say
●Pay no attention to untrue criticism and try to make progress from true criticism
Avoiding jealousy
●Jealousy will lead to the _____61______ of your happiness and selfrespect
●Learn to be _____62_____ when others become successful
Respecting others
●It is_____63_____ to feel better by putting others down
●Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more easily
Forgiving
Move on from the past mistakes made by others or yourself
Don’t let your mind filled _____64______ the mistakes in the past
Remembering your motives not your _____65_____
It is normal that we work with strong motives but fail to make achievement
20162017学年南京市鼓楼区九年级学期期末
Dear Seth
You’re only three years old and at this point in your life you can’t read much less understand what I’ll tell you in this letter But I’ve thought a lot about the life that you have ahead of you and about my role as a dad in trying to prepare you for the difficulties that you’ll face
I hope to help you along your path by sharing some of the best of what I’ve learned As with any advice take it with a grain of salt What works for me might not work for you
Life can be unkind
There will be people in your life who won’t be very nice They’ll laugh at you or try to hurt you because you’re different There’s not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them and learn to choose friends who are kind to you and who make you feel good about yourself When you find friends like this treasure them spend time with them and love them
Be open to life anyway
Yes you’ll find unkindness and pain in your journey through life but don’t let that close you to new things Don’t move back from life don’t hide or wall yourself off Be open to new things new experiences new people
Life isn’t a competition
You will meet many people who will try to do better than you in school in college at work To them life is a competition But here’s the secret life isn’t a competition It’s a journey Learn to enjoy the journey and make it a journey of happiness of continual improvement of love
Love should be your rule
If there’s a single word you should live your life by it should be this love It might sound out of date I know but trust me there’s no better rule in life Love not only your loved ones but your neighbors your coworkers strangers even your enemy The person who is hardest on you unkind to you love him He is most in need of your love And most of all love yourself and learn to love yourself for who you are
Finally know that I love you and always will You are starting out on an unknown tiring scary but badly wonderful journey and always remember I will be there for you when I can
Love
Your Dad
A father’s ____76____ to his child
Reasons
____77____
Life can be unkind
You may meet some ____78____people in your life
To learn to deal with them
To choose the right friends and ____79____ them spend time with them and love them
Be open to life anyway
There will be unkindness and pain in your ____80____ through life
Be ____81____ to new things new experiences new people
Life isn’t a ____82____
You will meet many people who will try to do better than you
Learn to enjoy the journey and make it a journey of ____83____ of continual improvement of love
Love should be your rule
It’s the ____84____ rule in life
Love yourself and ____85____ around you
20152016学年南京市玄武区九年级学期期末
Telephone television radio telegraph and the Internet all help people communicate with each other As a result ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world For example within seconds people can know the results of an election in another country An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours Help is on the way Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world information travels fast
How has this speed of communication changed the world To many people the world has become smaller Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller It means that the world seems smaller Two hundred years ago communication between the continents took a long time All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America This time difference influenced people’s actions For example one battle or fight in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided A peace agreement had already been signed Peace was made in England but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America During these six weeks the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed In the past communication took much more time than it does now
There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today
With the help of modern technology it’s much easier to get more information within a short time Our lives are becoming faster and faster
Title The World is Getting（66）__________
Theme
(67)________Between people or countries is becoming much easier because of television telephone radio telegraph and the Internet
Ideas and news of events spread quickly (68) _______ the world
Examples
(nowadays)
People can know the ___69___ of a vote that is being held in another their
country within seconds
An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a TV
set
People from distant countries give their __70____ within hours when they
know the news of a disaster like an earthquake or a flood
Examples
(in the __71___)
Two (72) _________ago communication between the continents took a
long time
War of New Orleans was fought __73____of this time difference
The news of peace agreement signed in England ___74___ six weeks
to reach America
Conclusion
People spend ___75____time getting information than they did in the past So it’s much easier to communicate with others
20152016学年南京市鼓楼区九年级学期期末
LOS ANGELES Kobe Bryant has decided to retire （退役）after this season ending his 20year career with the Los Angeles Lakers The 37yearold Bryant made the announcement in a post on November 29 2015 on the The Players＇ Tribune on Sunday
Bryant went straight from high school in suburban Philadelphia in 1996 and he got five championship rings and 17 AllStar selections during twenty years the longest tenure（期限） with one team in NBA history Bryant also won two Olympic gold medals But Bryant＇s last three seasons have ended early because of getting hurt during the matches and he played in only 41 games over the last two years He has struggled bravely in the first 15 games of this season with mostly young teammates on a rebuilding base making a careerworst 32 percent of his shots and dealing with pain and tiredness every day
In recent months Bryant repeatedly said he didn＇t know whether he would play another season clearly hoping for a getting better for his health and the Lakers＇ future
Neither has happened and the everimpatient Bryant didn＇t wait any longer to decide his future The thirdleading scorer in NBA history wrote a poem called Dear Basketball to announce his decision My heart can take the pounding My mind can handle the grind But my body knows it’s time to say goodbye
Kobe Bryant is one of the greatest players in the history of our game NBA Commissioner Adam Silver said Only 13 players in league history played on more championship teams than Bryant
And that’s OK Kobe wrote in his poem I’m ready to let you go I want you to know now So we both can savor（品味） every moment we have left together the good or the bad We have given each other all that we have
Kobe Bryantone of the greatest 76 players
Personal
information
He 77 from a high school in Philadelphia in 1996
He is the only player who plays for the longest time with one team in NBA history
78
He got five championship rings and 17 Allstar selections during twenty years
He won two 79 gold medals
He was the 80 player in the league history who played on the most championship teams
Difficulties
His last three seasons ended early because he got 81 during the matches
He made a careerworst of his shots because of his pain and 82
Neither his 83 nor Lakers’ fortunes got better in recent months
Feelings in
his poem
He had to say goodbye not because of his 84 and mind but because of his body
He showed his deep 85 for the game
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l 知识点1务型阅读概况
综观年全国中考试题务型阅读考查题型：阅读简答题阅读填表题总体两部分构成：短文阅读务
l 知识点2阅读填表式务型阅读题型分类
1 信息查找直接获取答案型
解题思路：类题属细节题直接原文中够找问题题干原文致相需词需变换形式直接文中进行摘抄
l 例题
例1：
原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (联系) your personality
题目：Your in music is related to your personality
例2：
原文：Music tells us who we are Music reflects the creators’ thinking and values as well as the social environment it came from
题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses people’s thinking and ______
例3：
原文：Be active and have a positive attitude (积极态度) towards life Develop confidence in yourself
题目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself
例4：
原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确) by changing abbreviations into whole words symbols into words and shortened sentences into longer sentences Use them to answer your questions If neces
sary ask your teacher for help
题目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions
例5：
原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state driver’s exam they can begin driving themselves to school
题目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests
例6：
原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result
题目：Remembering your motives not your
2 信息转换间接获取答案型
类题实际做题环节时应注意根问题查找定位信息信息仅线索某种提示非终答案定记加工分析转换成种表达方式方正确答案
常见转换方式：
1)词性转换
名词动词形容词副词等词类间转化
初中范围常见词性转换：
A）名词变形容词：
★加y
直接加y healthhealthy frostfrosty rainrainy difficult—difficulty
双写字母加y sunsunny fogfoggy
e加y noisenoisy
★加ful者less
hopehopefulhopeless meaningmeaningfulmeaningless wonderwonderful cheercheerful colourcolouful cheercheerful successsuccessful
endendless
B）形容词变副词：
★直接加ly carefulcarefully beautifulbeautifully badbadly excitedexcitedly
★y结尾y变ily angryangrily heavyheavily noisynoisily happyhappily
★le结尾le变ly comfortablecomfortably possiblepossibly simplesimply
★e加ly truetruly
C）动词形容词变名词：
★加ment
agree—agreement treattreatment advertiseadvertisement punishpunishment
improveimprovement developdevelopment
★加ion
collectcollection donatedonation educateeducation organizeorganization inventinvention
★加ness
richrichness kindkindness illillness uglyugliness sicksicknesssadsadness
D）动词变形容词：
★加ed ing
surprise surprising surprised exciteexciting excited tiretiring tired pleasepleasing(pleasant) pleased
l 例题
例1：
原文：Don＇t wave your hands to the waiters Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them But in France some bread and water will come first then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant Have enough patience(耐心)
题目：Englishmen can’t be ________ enough for meals while Frenchmen can
例2：
原文：Most teens don＇t know what their mom＇s favorite is You do Then what are you waiting for Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up she＇ll be surprised to see it
题目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a ________
例3：
原文：As long as you have studied well you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test
题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test
例4：
原文：Selfrespect is a very important part of a great life
题目：Keeping a sense of selfrespect is of great to a great life
例5：
原文：If we look for good qualities in other people it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves
题目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more
例6：
原文：Why do we need sleep Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question However tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature great weight loss and finally sickness
题目：Why do we need sleep Nobody can answer the question ________
2)词意转换
词汇转换包括义词反义词等功代型转换
初中范围（牛津教材）出现：
A) 单词前加否定前缀构成形容词反义词：
★般情况形容词前加un
eg necessaryunnecessary welcomeunwelcome comfortableuncomfortable
★种特殊情况需形容词前加in ir im dis等：
eg 加in activeinactive correctincorrect
加ir regularirregular
加im possibleimpossible patientimpatient politeimpolite
加dis honestdishonest
B) 常见反义词：
cheapexpensive longshort samedifferent hotcold happysad fastslow easydifficult
generousselfish modestproud strongweak hardworkinglazy cleversilly rememberforget
C) 常见义词：
happinessjoy strong powerful sad unhappy afraid worried energetic lively calm relaxed
influence affect know realize need require hope wish
l 例题
例1：
原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide
题目： to understand new information
例2：
原文：It is said that you won’t want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue(五岳) but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it
题目：It is said that you won’t to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you won’t wish to see even wu yue after from it
例3：
原文：Be sure to remember the following safety tips
题目：Don’t _______ the safety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurricane
例4：
原文：If your mind is full of problems in the past you will always feel ashamed and sad
题目：Don’t let your mind filled the mistakes in the past
例5：
原文：It isn’t right to feel better by putting others down
题目：It is to feel better by putting others down
3)句子结构转换
语法匹配 (to ing ed 动语态转换)连词介词运固定句型义句等属句子结构转换容
l 例题：
例1：
原文：In classroom your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say
题目：The information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes
例2：
原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them
题目：Do something to attract the attention
例3：
原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another language
题目：It Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign language
3 信息纳题综合概括获答案
根问题查找定位信息找性东西纳词特征包括：概括性（程度覆盖栏信息)针性（量体裁衣适度)醒目性（简洁）
常见概括性词汇类需学生掌握：
原：cause(s) reason(s)
结果结： result(s) conclusion(s)
目：purpose aim
建议提示： advice suggestion(s) tip(s)
问题：problem(s) trouble
方式方法：method(s) means way(s) manner solution(s)
措施行动：measureaction
特性特点：characteristics feature
处坏处：advantage(s) disadvantage(s)
题：theme(s) topic(s) subject(s)
数字数：data figure(s)
种类：type(s) kind(s)
形势情形： situation(s) condition(s) case(s)
重性意义：importance(s) meaning(s)
l 例题：
例1：
原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep First you should have regular sleep habits Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day You also need to make your bedroom a cool dark quiet place to sleep so that heat light and noise do not disturb you At night you should also avoid things that contain caffeine such as chocolate coffee tea and many soft drinks as caffeine may keep you from sleeping
题目：The title to improve sleep quality
Have regular sleep habits
Make your bedroom cool dark and quiet
Don’t drink anything with caffeine at bedtime
例2：
原文：Nowadays in school lifea lot of students develop a fear of tests It’s not because tests are something to be afraid of Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they don’t have enough selfconfidence and they don’t always think they are well prepared If you follow the tips below it’s not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests
题目：Title to overcome your fear of tests
例3：
题目：Statistics (统计) about school kids’ not having breakfast
ReasonsThey stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes
______ They can’t listen carefully in class They feel sleepy all day
SuggestionsThe morning meal is necessary for it provides much energy
例4：
原文：Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way Science explains how the sun rises and sets Music explores the emotive meanings We need every possible way to discover and response to our world because no one way can get it all
题目：A way to know the world
We can’t discover and respond to our world in just one way Science explains how nature ______
例5：
原文：Music is a form of thought as powerful as science It is a way we human beings talk to each other Through the language we express our feelings our discoveries our ideas our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared with others When we do not let our children receive good music education we take away from them the meanings that music expresses Science does not tell us what it means to be human Music does
题目：Music from science tells us what it means to be human
l 三年九年级期末务型汇编
年份区域
题
文章类型
20172018玄武
A new invention the Plant Lamp
科技说明文
20172018鼓楼
Negative Thoughts
议文
20162017玄武
How to develop respect for yourself
议文
20162017鼓楼
A Father’s Letter to his Child
信件
20152016玄武
The World is Getting Smaller
议文
20152016鼓楼
Kobe—One of the Best Basketball Players
物传记
20172018学年南京市玄武区九年级学期期末
Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa a small village in Peru South America However things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains destroyed the only power cables in the area The villagers were forced to use oil lamps which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce
Luckily researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb
While that may sound amazing and even impossible the science behind the idea is quite simple As plants create their food (using the sun’s energy water and chemicals from the soil) they also produce waste which they return to the soil Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(电子) The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries for later use The researchers say a single charge (电荷)can power a 50walt LED light for two hours enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done
The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017 So far they have been a huge success Elmer Ramirez the UT professor who invented the lamp believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people especially small rainforest communities 42 of whom have no electricity
A new invention the Plant Lamp
The problem in the small village
The people living in Nuevo Saposoa always have much ____56______ getting electricity However things went ____57____ for the only power cables there was destroyed by heavy rains The villagers had to use oil lamps ___58_____ they are expensive to use and can be bad for health
The ___59____ to solve the problem
Some researchers made a new kind of lamp It can be powered by _____60_____ objects found in the rainforestplants and soil
The lamp takes ____61____ from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it light up an LED light bulb
The science explanation
Plants create their food and produce waste which is ____62___ to the soil at the same time Some tiny animals feed on the waste and produce electrons
The UT team can get the energy and keep it in the lamp’s batteries The researchers say a 50walt LED light can be powered by a single charge for local villagers to ______63____ their evening work
Conclusion
Ten Plant Lamps were given to the villagers and they have been very ____64______ since then Elmer Ramirez the inventor of the lamp ___65___ that Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people
20172018学年南京市鼓楼区九年级学期期末
In our daily life many people always have negative(消极) thoughts Being in a negative space is harmful to our life and study If you keep them in mind you will lose hope sooner or later Let’s drive away some of the most common negative thoughts
No one cares about me
Sometimes you say that your family and friends don’t care about you Maybe you’re being too negative and misunderstand the gestures of love they show you They don’t even have to be big gestures but there are many countless little things they do for you Maybe you just pay no attention to them and take them as granted Perhaps you think they don’t care about you so you don’t make any effort in your relationships Start showing people you care so they can show you back in the same way And if you don’t have good relationships with the people you know what’s stopping you from making new friends
Why is she better off
Comparing yourself to someone else is never positive There’s always going to be someone who is younger prettier smarter or richer than you If you keep admiring what someone else has then this may cause you to lose the balance in your mind which will open a whole other negative can of worms Remember what they don’t have is your whole package Be proud of what you have because if you want to play the comparison game remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are
I’ll never reach my goal
If you think you’re not going to be able toget there think again There are many people who are worse off and have overcome more difficulty than what you are facing
Everything is within your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude
Title 76 thoughts
Harm
● Being in a negative space does 77 to our life and study
● 78 them in mind will make you lose hope sooner or later
Aspects of negative thoughts
● No one 79 about me
You are too negative to 80 the gestures of love your family and friends show you
● Why is she better off
Keeping admiring what someone else may cause the 81 of the balance in your mind
● I’ll never reach my goal
82 on driving away the negative thoughts
● Make an effort in your relationships and start showing people you care so they can show you back in the same way And if you don’t get 83 well with the people you know what’s stopping you from making new friends
● Be 84 of what you have because if you want to play the comparison game remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are
Conclusion
● Everything is 85 your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude
20162017学年南京市玄武区九年级学期期末
Selfrespect is a very important part of a great life Selfrespect is a feeling of being happy about one’s characters abilities and beliefs If we are short of selfrespect we will be unsafe Developing selfrespect means developing selfconfidence to deal with whatever life throws at us The following are some ways we can improve our selfrespect
There is great social stress from parents work and society to become a certain person and to achieve certain goals A real selfrespect is important that you believe in your own values and remember what is important to you Other people think you should behave in a certain way but it doesn’t mean they are right Everyone needs to follow his or her own path Even if others don’t respect your decision it is important that you do
Nobody likes criticism(批评) To keep a sense of selfrespect we need to learn how to deal with criticism Don’t take criticism personally Don’t get sad by the things other people say or do Maybe it is completely untrue so pay no attention to it If there is some truth we can use it to develop our characters However it is important not to take criticism too personally
Jealousy(嫉妒) of other people’s success is a common way of losing our happiness and selfrespect Jealousy is simply envy of other people’s success We feel unhappy when we cannot enjoy their success The truth is that there will always be some people more successful than us The method for lasting selfrespect is to be happy with others’ success
If you have no respect for others how can you have selfrespect It isn’t right to feel better by putting others down If we look for good qualities in other people it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves
Forgive others and yourself Don’t live in the past but move on from the past mistakes and difficult situations If your mind is full of problems in the past you will always feel ashamed and sad Selfrespect comes when we value our attitude towards life and other people
Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result It is the nature of life that things will not turn out as we hoped but it is a mistake to link our sense of selfrespect to the achievement of targets
Title
How to develop respect for yourself
Theme
Keeping a sense of selfrespect is of great _____56______ to a great life
Idea of selfrespect
Selfrespect is a feeling of being happy with one’s characters abilities and beliefs It can make one_____57______selfconfidence of dealing with all kinds of problems in one’s life
_____58______ to develop Selfrespect
Being true to yourself[源Z|xx|kCom]
Believe in your own values and _____59_____ your own path[源学科网ZXXK][源Z#xx#kCom]
Learning to deal with criticism
●Never get_____60______ by things other people do or say
●Pay no attention to untrue criticism and try to make progress from true criticism
Avoiding jealousy
●Jealousy will lead to the _____61______ of your happiness and selfrespect
●Learn to be _____62_____ when others become successful
Respecting others
●It is_____63_____ to feel better by putting others down
●Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more easily
Forgiving
Move on from the past mistakes made by others or yourself
Don’t let your mind filled _____64______ the mistakes in the past
Remembering your motives not your _____65_____
It is normal that we work with strong motives but fail to make achievement
20162017学年南京市鼓楼区九年级学期期末
Dear Seth
You’re only three years old and at this point in your life you can’t read much less understand what I’ll tell you in this letter But I’ve thought a lot about the life that you have ahead of you and about my role as a dad in trying to prepare you for the difficulties that you’ll face
I hope to help you along your path by sharing some of the best of what I’ve learned As with any advice take it with a grain of salt What works for me might not work for you
Life can be unkind
There will be people in your life who won’t be very nice They’ll laugh at you or try to hurt you because you’re different There’s not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them and learn to choose friends who are kind to you and who make you feel good about yourself When you find friends like this treasure them spend time with them and love them
Be open to life anyway
Yes you’ll find unkindness and pain in your journey through life but don’t let that close you to new things Don’t move back from life don’t hide or wall yourself off Be open to new things new experiences new people
Life isn’t a competition
You will meet many people who will try to do better than you in school in college at work To them life is a competition But here’s the secret life isn’t a competition It’s a journey Learn to enjoy the journey and make it a journey of happiness of continual improvement of love
Love should be your rule
If there’s a single word you should live your life by it should be this love It might sound out of date I know but trust me there’s no better rule in life Love not only your loved ones but your neighbors your coworkers strangers even your enemy The person who is hardest on you unkind to you love him He is most in need of your love And most of all love yourself and learn to love yourself for who you are
Finally know that I love you and always will You are starting out on an unknown tiring scary but badly wonderful journey and always remember I will be there for you when I can
Love
Your Dad
A father’s ____76____ to his child
Reasons
____77____
Life can be unkind
You may meet some ____78____people in your life
To learn to deal with them
To choose the right friends and ____79____ them spend time with them and love them
Be open to life anyway
There will be unkindness and pain in your ____80____ through life
Be ____81____ to new things new experiences new people
Life isn’t a ____82____
You will meet many people who will try to do better than you
Learn to enjoy the journey and make it a journey of ____83____ of continual improvement of love
Love should be your rule
It’s the ____84____ rule in life
Love yourself and ____85____ around you
20152016学年南京市玄武区九年级学期期末
Telephone television radio telegraph and the Internet all help people communicate with each other As a result ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world For example within seconds people can know the results of an election in another country An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours Help is on the way Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world information travels fast
How has this speed of communication changed the world To many people the world has become smaller Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller It means that the world seems smaller Two hundred years ago communication between the continents took a long time All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America This time difference influenced people’s actions For example one battle or fight in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided A peace agreement had already been signed Peace was made in England but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America During these six weeks the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed In the past communication took much more time than it does now
There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today
With the help of modern technology it’s much easier to get more information within a short time Our lives are becoming faster and faster
Title The World is Getting（66）__________
Theme
(67)________Between people or countries is becoming much easier because of television telephone radio telegraph and the Internet
Ideas and news of events spread quickly (68) _______ the world
Examples
(nowadays)
People can know the ___69___ of a vote that is being held in another their
country within seconds
An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a TV
set
People from distant countries give their __70____ within hours when they
know the news of a disaster like an earthquake or a flood
Examples
(in the __71___)
Two (72) _________ago communication between the continents took a
long time
War of New Orleans was fought __73____of this time difference
The news of peace agreement signed in England ___74___ six weeks
to reach America
Conclusion
People spend ___75____time getting information than they did in the past So it’s much easier to communicate with others
20152016学年南京市鼓楼区九年级学期期末
LOS ANGELES Kobe Bryant has decided to retire （退役）after this season ending his 20year career with the Los Angeles Lakers The 37yearold Bryant made the announcement in a post on November 29 2015 on the The Players＇ Tribune on Sunday
Bryant went straight from high school in suburban Philadelphia in 1996 and he got five championship rings and 17 AllStar selections during twenty years the longest tenure（期限） with one team in NBA history Bryant also won two Olympic gold medals But Bryant＇s last three seasons have ended early because of getting hurt during the matches and he played in only 41 games over the last two years He has struggled bravely in the first 15 games of this season with mostly young teammates on a rebuilding base making a careerworst 32 percent of his shots and dealing with pain and tiredness every day
In recent months Bryant repeatedly said he didn＇t know whether he would play another season clearly hoping for a getting better for his health and the Lakers＇ future
Neither has happened and the everimpatient Bryant didn＇t wait any longer to decide his future The thirdleading scorer in NBA history wrote a poem called Dear Basketball to announce his decision My heart can take the pounding My mind can handle the grind But my body knows it’s time to say goodbye
Kobe Bryant is one of the greatest players in the history of our game NBA Commissioner Adam Silver said Only 13 players in league history played on more championship teams than Bryant
And that’s OK Kobe wrote in his poem I’m ready to let you go I want you to know now So we both can savor（品味） every moment we have left together the good or the bad We have given each other all that we have
Kobe Bryantone of the greatest 76 players
Personal
information
He 77 from a high school in Philadelphia in 1996
He is the only player who plays for the longest time with one team in NBA history
78
He got five championship rings and 17 Allstar selections during twenty years
He won two 79 gold medals
He was the 80 player in the league history who played on the most championship teams
Difficulties
His last three seasons ended early because he got 81 during the matches
He made a careerworst of his shots because of his pain and 82
Neither his 83 nor Lakers’ fortunes got better in recent months
Feelings in
his poem
He had to say goodbye not because of his 84 and mind but because of his body
He showed his deep 85 for the game
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