旨意题
类题设题时常会title subject main idea topic theme等词
1纳标题题
特点:短精悍般短语涵盖性强般覆盖全文意思精确性强表达范围恰意改变语意程度色彩常见命题形式:
What’s the best title for the text
The best title for this passage is ___
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
2 概括意题
包括寻找段落意(topic)文章中心思想(main idea)常见命题形式:
What is the generalmain idea of the passage?
Which of the following expresses the main idea?
What is the subject discussed in the text
What’s the article mainly about ?
解题技巧
阅读理解文章议文说明文两种文体结构纳:提出问题——述问题——出结者阐明观点类文章抓题句快速掌握文章意方法题句般出现文章开头结尾题句具简洁性概括性特点题句文章中位置种情况
位段首:般言演绎法撰写文章题句文章开头先点出题然围绕题作具体陈述判断第句否题句具体分析段落首句第二三句关系果第二句开始第句进行说明述描述第句题句段落题句面明显引出细节信号词for example an example of first second next last finally to begin with also besides one the other some others等阅读中应量利述信号词确定题句位置
位段尾:文章会开头列举事实 然通证阐述作者核心点果第句话概括性综合性话快速读读段落句子否具备题句特征果具备题句特征段落题思想容易确定般说种观点易解释清楚易接受时题句便会段落末尾出现学生充分利引出结信号词sothereforethusconsequentlyin conclusionin shortin a word to sum up等确定题句位置段尾明显类信号时学生段落句话前面添加引出结信号词确定否题句
位段中:时段落先介绍背景细节接着句综合概括性话概括前面说容事例然围绕题展开关问题深入讨种文章题句会段落中间出现纳起两种情况:先提出问题然予回答(题句)予解释者先提出问题然点出题思想(题句)予解释
首尾呼应:题句段落开头结尾两位置先出现形成前呼应格局两题句叙说容词相样强调题思想显灵活变两句子非简单重复题句该题作评述点作概括引申留读者思考
明确题句:找关键词(出现频率较高) 纳总结
注意
新题型中选项干扰项解答类题时学易犯三种错误:
(1)表述片面涵盖该段细节
(2)表述太笼统已超出该段容
(3)表述段落容关段落中找相关
二细节理解题
考查容涉时间点物事件原结果数字等议文中例证细节定义类细节类题目特点:答案般文章中找然答案定文章中原句家需根文章提供信息组织语句回答问题
1事实细节题→寻读法
分直接理解题间接理解题前者常who what which when where whyhow提问判断正误者需原文信息转换表达原文差异常见命题形式:
What can we learn from the passage
All the following are mentioned except
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)
Which of the following statements is truerightfalsewrong about…
2 排列序题→首尾定位法(找出第事件事件排法缩范围)
常出现记叙文说明文中般事件发生序常见命题形式:
Which of the following is the correct order of…
Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…
3 图文匹配题→图索骥理清线索
设题形式:出图表根图表提问问题
4 数字计算题→(方法:审题→带着问题找细节→分析计算)
直接找相关细节需计算方找答案
三推理判断题
考查家文章中隐含深层含意理解力求考生根文章容做出合逻辑推断包括考生作者观点理解态度判断修辞语气隐含意思等理解题干关键词:infer(推断) indicate(象征暗示) implysuggest(暗示) conclude(作出结) assume(假定设想)
1细节推理判断题
般根短文提供信息助生活常识进行推理判断常见命题形式:
It can be inferred concluded from the text that __________
The author implies suggests that_____
We may infer that _________
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated
2预测推理判断题
根语篇文章接容结局进行猜测常见命题形式:
What do you think will happen ifwhen…
At the end of this passage the writer might continue to write_____
3推测文章源读者象
常见命题形式:
The passage is probably take out of_____
The passage would most likely be found in_____
Where does this text probably come from
4写作意图目态度推断题
作者语气态度会直接写文章里通细读文章作者选词修饰手段中体会出
询问写作目题选项里常出现词:explain(解释) prove (证明) persuade(劝说) advise(劝告) comment(评) praise(赞扬) criticize(批评) entertain(娱乐) demonstrate(举例说明) argue(辩) tell(讲述) analyze(分析)等
询问语气态度题选项里常出现词:neutral(中立) sympathetic(情) satisfied(满意) friendly(友) enthusiastic(热情) subjective(观) objective(客观) matteroffact(实事求) pessimistic(悲观) optimistic(乐观) critical(批评) doubtful(怀疑) hostile(敌) indifferent(冷淡) disappointed(失)
常见命题形式
The purpose of the text is_____
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text By mentioning… the author aims to show that_____
What is the author’s attitude towards…
What is the author’s opinion on…
The author’s tone in this passage is _____
解答技巧
推断题考查家透文章表面文字信息进行分析综合纳等逻辑推理力推理判断必须事实切莫观臆断
①文章中直接陈述容选选择根文章推理出选项
②推理空猜测立足已知推断未知作出正确答案时定文中找理
③忠实原文文章提供事实线索观点代作者想法脱离原文观臆断
四词义猜测题
考点:
①猜测某词词组句子意义
②文中义词词组进行定义
③判断某代词指代象常见命题形式:
The underlined wordphrase in the second paragraph means _____
The word itthey in the last sentence refers to______
The word …(Line 6 para2)probably means ______
The word …(Line 6 para2)could best be replaced by which of the following
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word …
解答技巧
1通果关系猜词通果关系猜词
首先找出生词文间逻辑关系然猜词时文章助关联词(becauseassinceforsothusas a resultof coursetherefore等等)表示前果
例:You shouldn't have blamed him for thatfor it wasn't his fault 通for引出句子表示原(错)猜出blame词义责备
2通义词反义词关系猜词
通义词猜词andor连接义词词组happy and gay认识gay词知道愉快意思二进步解释程中义词Man has known something about the planets VenusMarsand Jupiter with the help of spaceships 句中Venus(金星)Mars(火星)Jupiter(木星)均生词知道planets猜出词属行星义域
通反义词猜词表转折关系连词副词butwhilehowever等二not搭配表示否定意义词语:He is so homelynot at all as handsome as his brother根not at allhandsome难推测出homely意思英俊漂亮意思
3通构词法猜词
根前缀缀复合派生等构词知识判断生词词义:She is unlikely to have stolen the money ( un含否定意义太意)
4通定义释义关系推测词义
例:But sometimesno rain falls for a longlong time Then there is a dry periodor drought drought句子文知久雨便段干旱时期drought见drought意思久旱旱灾a dry perioddrought义语种义释义关系常isorthat isin other wordsbe called破折号等表示
5通句法功推测词义
例:Bananasorangespineapplescoconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas假pineapplescoconuts生词两词句中处位置判断致意思句中难出pineapplescoconutsbananasoranges类关系属fruit类两样水果准确说菠萝椰子
6通描述猜词
描述作者该该物作出外相貌特征描写例:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole It is fat and walks in a funny way Although it cannot flyit can swim in the icy water to catch the fish例句描述中知penguin种生活南极鸟类面更详描述该鸟类生活性
7 根常识猜词
:The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel(lintel 梁)
Afraid of waking the baby up she tiptoed out of the room(tiptoed 踮着脚走蹑手蹑脚)
满分技巧
重
重——重文读懂文章重
文题源果考生作勘探员文勘探场撰题者正通文章深入剖析宝藏埋藏中考生发掘读懂文仅正确解题第步关键步
1 阅读良惯
养成良阅读惯首先克服阅读良惯面列举常见阅读良惯号入座否
心译:读句心译句句句必须助汉语译文方理解
指读:阅读时总指头笔尖等指着句子边移边读
逐字逐句:字句字字重视句句关心生怕漏掉单词眉毛胡子抓
见生查:阅读时欲生词击破完全扫清阅读障碍认没生词便洞悉文章
出声:阅读时发出声音全篇诵读字字句句丝毫拉
唇读:阅读时没发出声音唇句变词带舌移声带未颤声音未出
默读:没出声没唇动舌移目光意识逐句念诵
良惯会断阅读思维连贯性会破坏文整体理解害处降低阅读速度常听学抱怨实试题难时间够正阅读良惯然
2 意群单位成组视读
分清意群停顿娴熟仅朗诵关键更阅读基素质英语阅读时意群单位非单词词组单位成组视读说眼睛扫视词词默探灯样根意群组组进行扫视时额头成通道收纳信息词汇种高超阅读力非贯坚持量阅读够
3 首尾心紧扣中心
位作者会写作意图篇文章会中心旨否明晰作者写作意图否握文章旨理解篇文章关键阅读水高低体现考察考生文章理解程度阅读水出题者必然会种方式作者写作意图文章旨义进行考察
般说文章旨常会表述文章首尾中首尾包括文章首段尾段包括段段首句段尾句想快速握文章中心文首尾段段首尾句佳切入点学应格外注意
4 学会跳读心中图
阅读理解做心中森林树木统揽全文次跳读通读全文解意搜寻细节锁定考察信息——握整体会忽视细节跳读时定母语翻译通情景想象提纲列表重点连线简图示意等手段梳理文章脉络直观化形象化具体化
5 善猜测词义
类考试允许出现3超纲词汇词汇文中会出暗示考生根文推断意思会紧位语直接进行解释说明词汇(数名词)需判定某类事物名名某类动植物等等须弄明白具体意思词真猜出意思必太意两词认识根会文章理解带障碍定恐慌影响发挥
词义猜测试题中超纲词文中肯定会进行解释义暗示细心思路开阔定发现线索确定含义
二 定
定——定区间够圈定题答案范围
出题者般根文某段某段某句某句某词根隐藏字里行间作者暗示进行题设求做题时进行回想返查锁定问题相关信息区域正确解题基础程捉迷藏样想找文中躲藏猫猫必须藏躲猫猫区域谙熟心进准确定位圈定范围定抓准
总说问题应文中某区间显隐段句词考生擦亮眼睛善定位找答案根做必充分准备
三 划
划——划根作答时理充分文章中划出解题
够文中划出解题根正确解题关键更阅读理解丢分保障猎句行话见兔子撒鹰告诉位学做阅读理解时做见根做题理充分根凿实仅知然知然超高境界阅读水提高见证种意义讲划字诀重定划防读六字真诀尤重者
四
——转换注意意思表述(意转述)
英语语言相丰富意思会种表达避免语言表述单调重复考试中常见题型意改写考察学生力句型决定做某事例英语中中表达:
1 decide to do sth
2 make a decision to do sth
3 determine to do sth
4 be determined to do sth
5 make a determination to do sth
6 resolve to do sth
7 make a resolution to do sth
8 make up one’s mind to do sth
9 set one’s mind to do sth
出题者设计试题时总会语言结构文中某信息进行意转述转述会明显目然乏隐含深转述
五 防
防——防陷井锁定truenot true辨明形词
英语阅读中陷阱设置常见两种判断错真假型词形相型判断错真假型考生做题前定认真审题准truenot truerightwrong然着手解题会学认简单事会错实然考场高度紧张情况什事情会发生试想身边少学truenot true反懊恼已顿足捶胸
词形相型做两字细心三思选细心类陷阱会容易识破
根底防象防止慌张防止粗心意防止想然想法防止骄傲情绪——沉着应处处留心陷阱会识发现
六 读
读——读全项做判断时通读题选项区分鉴选择佳
阅读理解三四选项中选出佳选项解题时考生通读选项较鉴确定佳切挑读臆断匆匆作答做判断错真假型试题时选项中会三错三错通读全项会补救误读题干造成失
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