市场结构2
- 1. MARKET STRUCTURE市場結構
- 2. Concept Tour
- 3. What is a “MARKET” ?Too Simple !
- 4. What is a “MARKET” ?In Economics, a Market is defined as a context in which exchange of goods and services between sellers and buyers takes place.A Market exists whenever a transaction is made.
- 5. Four features: 1. Large No. of Buyers & Sellers 2. Homogeneous Products 3. Free Entry & Exit 4. Perfect Market Information
- 6. Large No. of Buyers & Sellers the action of an individual buyer or seller is unable to affect the market priceBuyersSellers
- 7. Homogeneous Products the products in the market must be identical in the eyes of consumers
- 8. Free Entry and Exit Firms are free to entry or leave the marketWelcome to Perfectly Competitive Market Exit!!Entry!!
- 9. Perfect Market Information Buyers & Sellers know all market information about goods e.g. PriceQualityQuantity
- 10. Example: The stock exchange is a close example
- 11. Four Features: 1. Large No. of Buyers & Sellers 2. Differentiated Products 3. Free Entry & Exit 4. Imperfect Market InformationSame as P.C.Same as P.C.
- 12. Product Differentiation A firm can use product differentiation to promote sales. Techniques are:new designs advertising branding
- 13. Imperfect Information of the Market Sellers & Buyers don’t have perfect info. on price & quality of goods ??
- 14. Example: Rice is an example
- 15. Four features: 1. A Few Dominant Sellers 2. Similar but Differentiated Products 3. Entry is Restricted 4. Imperfect Market Information Same as P.C. & M.C.
- 16. Few dominant sellers Oligopolies has to consider the reactions of other firms before making any decision price rigidity price leadership non-price competition Market behavior:
- 17. Similar but Differentiate Products the products are close substitutes to one another
- 18. Entry is Restricted it is difficult because of government regulation/huge capital/technological requirementsImperfectly Competitive MarketEntry?
- 19. Same as M.C. & O.Four Features: 1. Only One seller in the whole market 2. No close subsitiute 3. Highly Difficult (even impossible) to Entry 4. Imperfect (highly restricted) Market Information
- 20. Only One Seller in the Whole Market buyers can obtain the goods or services from monopoly onlyYou can only buy my product! woo...woo...
- 21. No Close Substitutes buyers are difficult to find another goods to satisfy the same want
- 22. Highly Difficult (even impossible) to entry it is because of monopoly powerSources of Monopoly Power government ownership government franchise ownership of important resources huge capital requirement economies of scaleNo Entry!!
- 23. Examples
- 24. Summary Monopoly Oligopoly Monopolistic Perfect Competition Competition1. No. of sellers2. No. of buyers3. Products nature4. Ease of entry5. Information availabilityOneManyNo close substituteForbiddenRestrictedRestrictedRestrictedEasy to enterPerfect InformationManyManyManyEasy to obtainFree entryHeterogeneousHeterogeneousHomogeneousA few dominant sellersManyMany
- 25. Revision
- 26. Revision (1)Oligopoly
- 27. Revision (2)Monopolistic Competition
- 28. ~END~
相关PPT