7. What is Organic Chemistry? The Chemistry of Carbon Compounds
(excludes inorganic metal salts such as carbonates and cyanides and excludes carbon dioxide)
18. 第二节 共价键的一些基本概 念 Types of BondingIonic bonding
electron is fully transferred from metal to non-metal
binding is by electrostatic attraction.
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20. 离子键 Ionic Bonding Sodium AtomFluorine Atom
21. Ionic Bonding Sodium ionFluoride ionAttraction between the two ions is electrostatic -- Ionic Bond
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23. Covalent Bond Theories 1.VB 2.MO 3.杂化轨道理论VB 1) 要点:价键的形成看成是原子轨道的重叠或电子配对的结果。两个原子的未成对电子,若自旋相反,就能配对。
24. A SIMPLE COVALENT BOND A pair of electrons is shared between the two bonded atoms.H.H.
25. A SIMPLE COVALENT BOND HHBonded pair
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27. Common Bonding Patterns
28. 2) 共价键的饱和性
3) 共价键的方向性
H(1s) Cl(3px) H-Cl
29. 2. 分子轨道理论(Molecular Orbital Theory ,MO) 1932,Pauling
Orbitals :The region of space around an atom in which an electron is likely to be found is an orbital.
The shape and size of the orbital are determined by a mathematical equation called a wave function.
30. When atoms combine to form molecules, they do so by combining the wave functions for the individual atomic orbitals.
We say that the orbitals “overlap.”
The region of space defined by this combination of orbitals is the molecular orbital.
31. The method of overlapping orbitals is known as the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) method.
When ever two atomic orbitals are combined in the LCAO method, the result is always two molecular orbitals!
原子线性轨道组合原子轨道线性组合
32. Types of Molecular OrbitalsThere are three important types of molecular orbitals
sigma (s) symmetry: 键轴
pi (p) symmetry: 节面、节点
n
Each of these types of orbitals will be discussed as follows
33. When any two orbitals form a bondFORMATION OF ANTIBONDING ORBITALS
AN ANTIBONDING ORBITAL IS ALSO FORMED
The electrons go into the bonding orbital
The antibonding orbital
remains empty
34. H.H.HH..HHHHbondingantibondingss*
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36. Bond Energy
37. p-Bonding(Bonding molecular orbital)
38. p*-Antibonding Orbital
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41. 3. 杂化轨道理论
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82. Parameter of covalent bond Bond length (nm) C-H,0.109nm; C-H,0.154
Bond angle
Bond energy(kJ/mol)
A(g) + B(g) A-B(g)
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84. Parameter of covalent bond Bond
u=qd (unit:Debye, Abbreviation D)
Polarity of molecule
CH3 Cl