1993年考研英语真题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each sentence decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
1 The board deemed it urgent that these files ________ right away
[A] had to be printed
[B] should have been printed
[C] must be printed（D）
[D] should be printed
2 The local health organization is reported ________ twentyfive years ago when Dr Audon became its first president
[A] to be set up
[B] being set up
[C] to have been set up（C）
[D] having been set up
3 The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers ________ for
[A] be demonstrating
[B] demonstrate
[C] had been demonstrating（C）
[D] have demonstrated
4 Ted has told me that he always escapes ________ as he has got a very fast sports car
[A] to fine
[B] to be fined
[C] being fined（C）
[D] having been fined
5 More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California ________ in San Francisco
[A] previously
[B] predominantly
[C] practically（B）
[D] permanently
6 Prof Lee’s book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts
[A] that you have observed
[B] that how you have observed
[C] how that you have observed（D）
[D] how what you have observed
7 All flights ________ because of the snowstorm we decided to take the train
[A] were canceled
[B] had been canceled
[C] having canceled（D）
[D] having been canceled
8 The new secretary has written a remarkably ________ report only in a few pages but with all the details
[A] concise
[B] clear
[C] precise（A）
[D] elaborate
9 With prices ________ so much it’s hard for the company to plan a budget
[A] fluctuating
[B] waving
[C] swinging（A）
[D] vibrating
10 Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ________ healthy
[A] preserve
[B] stay
[C] maintain（B）
[D] reserve
11 Expected noises are usually more ________ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude
[A] manageable
[B] controllable
[C] tolerable（C）
[D] perceivable
12 It isn’t so much whether he works hard the question is whether he works ________
[A] above all
[B] in all
[C] at all（C）
[D] after all
13 There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees ________ what constitutes a benefit to an individual
[A] on
[B] with
[C] to（A）
[D] in
14 All the information we have collected in relation to that case ________ very little
[A] makes up for
[B] adds up to
[C] comes up with（B）
[D] puts up with
15 A really powerful speaker can ________ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement
[A] work out
[B] work over
[C] work at（D）
[D] work up
16 Before the students set off they spent much time setting a limit ________ the expenses of the trip
[A] to
[B] about
[C] in（A）
[D] for
17 According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud wisdom comes from the ________ of maturity
[A] fulfillment
[B] achievement
[C] establishment（B）
[D] accomplishment
18 From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad ________
[A] must have occurred
[B] would have occurred
[C] might be occurring（A）
[D] should occur
19 You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ________ you don’t mind taking the night train
[A] provided
[B] unless
[C] though（A）
[D] until
20 Hardly a month goes by without ________ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among US citizens
[A] words
[B] a word
[C] the word（D）
[D] word
21 If you ________ Jerry Brown until recently you’d think the photograph on the right was strange
[A] shouldn’t contact
[B] didn’t contact
[C] weren’t to contact（D）
[D] hadn’t contacted
22 Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society which ________ them the rights and privileges of adults although physically they are mature
[A] deprives
[B] restricts
[C] rejects（D）
[D] denies
23 I must go now ________ if you want that book I’ll bring it next time
[A] Incidentally
[B] Accidentally
[C] Occasionally（A）
[D] Subsequently
24 There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take ________ they can limit how much water you drink
[A] much more than
[B] no more than
[C] no less than（D）
[D] any more than
25 Though ________ in San Francisco Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of smalltown life
[A] raised
[B] grown
[C] developed（A）
[D] cultivated
26 Most electronic devices of this kind ________ manufactured for such purposes are tightly packed
[A] that are
[B] as are
[C] which is（B）
[D] it is
27 As for the winter it is inconvenient to be cold with most of ________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn
[A] what
[B] that
[C] which（A）
[D] such
28 Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious ________ without scientific basic
[A] process
[B] practice
[C] procedure（A）
[D] program
29 We cannot always ________ the wind so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water
[A] hang on
[B] count on
[C] hold on（B）
[D] come on
30 The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ________ of vegetables in the coming days
[A] rarity
[B] scarcity
[C] invalidity（B）
[D] variety
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (30 points)
Text 1
Is language like food a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century it may be Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent
All the infants died before the first year But clearly there was more than lack of language here What was missing was good mothering Without good mothering in the first year of life especially the capacity to survive is seriously affected
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick Nevertheless some children are still backward in speaking Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly If these sensitive periods are neglected the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowellike sounds at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak What is special about man’s brain compared with that of the monkey is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of say a toybear with the sound pattern toybear And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him to analyze to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways
But speech has to be induced and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀学语) grasping and smiling and responds to them Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language
31 The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was ________
[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak（B）
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
32 The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[B] they are exposed to too much language at once
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak（C）
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
33 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ________
[A] he is born with the capacity to speak
[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
[C] he can produce his own sentences（C）
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
34 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man
[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning
[C] The child’s brain is highly selective（B）
[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages
35 If a child starts to speak later than others he will in future ________
[A] have a high IQ
[B] be less intelligent
[C] be insensitive to verbal signals（D）
[D] not necessarily be backward
Text 2
In general our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚义) management in which man becomes a small welloiled cog in the machinery The oiling is done with higher wages wellventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and humanrelations experts yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it In fact the blue and the whitecollar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management
The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates They are even more insecure in some respects They are in a highly competitive race To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of selfrespect When they apply for their first job they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists for whom testing is a big business and by their superiors who judge their behavior sociability capacity to get along etc This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellowcompetitor creates constant anxiety and stress the very causes of unhappiness and illness
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenthcentury free enterprise capitalism Certainly not Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arrangements Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man
36 By a welloiled cog in the machinery the author intends to render the idea that man is ________
[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society though functioning smoothly（C）
[D] a humble component of the society especially when working smoothly
37 The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ________
[A] they are likely to lose their jobs
[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence（D）
[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence
38 From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ________
[A] who are at the bottom of the society
[B] who are higher up in their social status
[C] who prove better than their fellowcompetitors（D）
[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world
39 To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ________
[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees
[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities（C）
[D] take the fundamental realities for granted
40 The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ________
[A] approval
[B] dissatisfaction
[C] suspicion（B）
[D] tolerance
Text 3
When an invention is made the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him he can give the invention to the world by publishing it keep the idea secret or patent it
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates
Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention
Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and if older than half a century sometimes even repatent Indeed patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent Likewise because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security
Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most new ideas are in fact as old as the hills It is their reduction to commercial practice either through necessity or dedication or through the availability of new technology that makes news and money The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886 Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear
41 The passage is mainly about ________
[A] an approach to patents
[B] the application for patents
[C] the use of patents（D）
[D] the access to patents
42 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
[A] When a patent becomes out of effect it can be repatented or extended if necessary
[B] It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public
[C] A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over（C）
[D] One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office
43 George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because ________
[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time
[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time
[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes（B）
[D] the colour TV receiver was not available until that time
44 The word plagiarize (Line 8 Para 5) most probably means ________
[A] steal and use
[B] give reward to
[C] make public（A）
[D] take and change
45 From the passage we learn that ________
[A] an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice
[B] products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago
[C] it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one（A）
[D] patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patents
Section III Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (15 points)
Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture its development into a specialized field is really quite recent Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be in a single large building
The importance of interior design becomes when we realize how much time we surrounded by four walls Whenever we need to be indoors we want our surroundings to be attractive and comfortable as possible We also expect place to be appropriate to its use You would be if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look the inside of a restaurant And you wouldn’t feel in a business office that has the appearance of a school
It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic is the function of the particular For example a theater with poor sight lines poor soundshaping qualities and few entries and exits will not work for purpose no matter how beautifully it might be Nevertheless for any kind of space the designer has to make many of the same kind of He or she must coordinate the shapes lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor
addition the designer must usually select furniture or design builtin furniture according to the functions that need to be served
46 [A] consisted
[B] contained
[C] composed（B）
[D] comprised
47 [A] obscure
[B] attractive
[C] appropriate（D）
[D] evident
48 [A] spend
[B] require
[C] settle（A）
[D] retain
49 [A] so
[B] as
[C] thus（B）
[D] such
50 [A] some
[B] any
[C] this（D）
[D] each
51 [A] amused
[B] interested
[C] shocked（C）
[D] frightened
52 [A] like
[B] for
[C] at（A）
[D] into
53 [A] correct
[B] proper
[C] right（C）
[D] suitable
54 [A] care
[B] concern
[C] attention（B）
[D] intention
55 [A] circumstance
[B] environment
[C] surroundings（D）
[D] space
56 [A] too
[B] quite
[C] a（A）
[D] far
57 [A] their
[B] its
[C] those（B）
[D] that
58 [A] painted
[B] covered
[C] ornamented（D）
[D] decorated
59 [A] solutions
[B] conclusions
[C] decisions（C）
[D] determinations
60 [A] For
[B] In
[C] As（B）
[D] With
Section IV Errordetection and Correction
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets Then without altering the meaning of the sentence write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
foreign visitors were to the industrial exhibition they many new products
Answer [C] is wrong because the sentence should read A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products So you should choose [C] and write the correction where on the line
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [●] [D] where
61 He cannot tell the difference between praise and statements only to his favor（[C] made）
62 They want to expose those disadvantaged students to creative educational for a period（[A] educationally）
63 The changes that place in air travel the last sixty years completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists the turn of the 19th century（[A] have taken）
64 I don’t think advisable that he to the job since he has experience （[B] (should) be assigned）
65 Beethoven the great musician nine symphonies in his life most of them after he his （[B] written）
66 Mr Jankin regretted his secretary the mistake he later it was his own fault（[A] having blamed）
67 the influence of computerization nowhere the results more clearly than which really us all（[B] have we seen）
68 more care the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than of and editorials（[C] into the writing）
69 It is required by law that a husband the debts of his wife formal notice is given he no longer has （[D] to pay them）
70 the years a large number of overseas students at that university that acquired substantial experience in dealing with them（[C] with the result）
Section V EnglishChinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (15 points)
(71) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation There is no more difference but there is just the same kind of difference between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights (72) It is not that the scales in the one case and the balance in the other differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former
You will understand this better perhaps if I give you some familiar examples (73) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (纳法) and deduction that by the help of these operations they in a sort of sense manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws and that out of these by some special skill of their own they build up their theories (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training To hear all these large words you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men but if you will not be frightened by terms you will discover that you are quite wrong and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives
There is a wellknown incident in one of Moliere’s plays where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life In the same way I trust that you will take comfort and be delighted with yourselves on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period (75) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning of the very same kind though differing in degree as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena
Section VI Writing
Directions
[A] Title ADVERTISEMENT ON TV
[B] Time limit 40 minutes
[C] Word limit 120150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen
[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
OUTLINE
1 Present state
2 Reasons
3 My comments
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Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each sentence decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
1 The board deemed it urgent that these files ________ right away
[A] had to be printed
[B] should have been printed
[C] must be printed（D）
[D] should be printed
2 The local health organization is reported ________ twentyfive years ago when Dr Audon became its first president
[A] to be set up
[B] being set up
[C] to have been set up（C）
[D] having been set up
3 The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers ________ for
[A] be demonstrating
[B] demonstrate
[C] had been demonstrating（C）
[D] have demonstrated
4 Ted has told me that he always escapes ________ as he has got a very fast sports car
[A] to fine
[B] to be fined
[C] being fined（C）
[D] having been fined
5 More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California ________ in San Francisco
[A] previously
[B] predominantly
[C] practically（B）
[D] permanently
6 Prof Lee’s book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts
[A] that you have observed
[B] that how you have observed
[C] how that you have observed（D）
[D] how what you have observed
7 All flights ________ because of the snowstorm we decided to take the train
[A] were canceled
[B] had been canceled
[C] having canceled（D）
[D] having been canceled
8 The new secretary has written a remarkably ________ report only in a few pages but with all the details
[A] concise
[B] clear
[C] precise（A）
[D] elaborate
9 With prices ________ so much it’s hard for the company to plan a budget
[A] fluctuating
[B] waving
[C] swinging（A）
[D] vibrating
10 Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ________ healthy
[A] preserve
[B] stay
[C] maintain（B）
[D] reserve
11 Expected noises are usually more ________ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude
[A] manageable
[B] controllable
[C] tolerable（C）
[D] perceivable
12 It isn’t so much whether he works hard the question is whether he works ________
[A] above all
[B] in all
[C] at all（C）
[D] after all
13 There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees ________ what constitutes a benefit to an individual
[A] on
[B] with
[C] to（A）
[D] in
14 All the information we have collected in relation to that case ________ very little
[A] makes up for
[B] adds up to
[C] comes up with（B）
[D] puts up with
15 A really powerful speaker can ________ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement
[A] work out
[B] work over
[C] work at（D）
[D] work up
16 Before the students set off they spent much time setting a limit ________ the expenses of the trip
[A] to
[B] about
[C] in（A）
[D] for
17 According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud wisdom comes from the ________ of maturity
[A] fulfillment
[B] achievement
[C] establishment（B）
[D] accomplishment
18 From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad ________
[A] must have occurred
[B] would have occurred
[C] might be occurring（A）
[D] should occur
19 You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ________ you don’t mind taking the night train
[A] provided
[B] unless
[C] though（A）
[D] until
20 Hardly a month goes by without ________ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among US citizens
[A] words
[B] a word
[C] the word（D）
[D] word
21 If you ________ Jerry Brown until recently you’d think the photograph on the right was strange
[A] shouldn’t contact
[B] didn’t contact
[C] weren’t to contact（D）
[D] hadn’t contacted
22 Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society which ________ them the rights and privileges of adults although physically they are mature
[A] deprives
[B] restricts
[C] rejects（D）
[D] denies
23 I must go now ________ if you want that book I’ll bring it next time
[A] Incidentally
[B] Accidentally
[C] Occasionally（A）
[D] Subsequently
24 There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take ________ they can limit how much water you drink
[A] much more than
[B] no more than
[C] no less than（D）
[D] any more than
25 Though ________ in San Francisco Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of smalltown life
[A] raised
[B] grown
[C] developed（A）
[D] cultivated
26 Most electronic devices of this kind ________ manufactured for such purposes are tightly packed
[A] that are
[B] as are
[C] which is（B）
[D] it is
27 As for the winter it is inconvenient to be cold with most of ________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn
[A] what
[B] that
[C] which（A）
[D] such
28 Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious ________ without scientific basic
[A] process
[B] practice
[C] procedure（A）
[D] program
29 We cannot always ________ the wind so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water
[A] hang on
[B] count on
[C] hold on（B）
[D] come on
30 The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ________ of vegetables in the coming days
[A] rarity
[B] scarcity
[C] invalidity（B）
[D] variety
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (30 points)
Text 1
Is language like food a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century it may be Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent
All the infants died before the first year But clearly there was more than lack of language here What was missing was good mothering Without good mothering in the first year of life especially the capacity to survive is seriously affected
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick Nevertheless some children are still backward in speaking Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly If these sensitive periods are neglected the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowellike sounds at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak What is special about man’s brain compared with that of the monkey is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of say a toybear with the sound pattern toybear And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him to analyze to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways
But speech has to be induced and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀学语) grasping and smiling and responds to them Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language
31 The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was ________
[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak（B）
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
32 The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[B] they are exposed to too much language at once
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak（C）
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
33 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ________
[A] he is born with the capacity to speak
[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
[C] he can produce his own sentences（C）
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
34 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man
[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning
[C] The child’s brain is highly selective（B）
[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages
35 If a child starts to speak later than others he will in future ________
[A] have a high IQ
[B] be less intelligent
[C] be insensitive to verbal signals（D）
[D] not necessarily be backward
Text 2
In general our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚义) management in which man becomes a small welloiled cog in the machinery The oiling is done with higher wages wellventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and humanrelations experts yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it In fact the blue and the whitecollar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management
The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates They are even more insecure in some respects They are in a highly competitive race To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of selfrespect When they apply for their first job they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists for whom testing is a big business and by their superiors who judge their behavior sociability capacity to get along etc This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellowcompetitor creates constant anxiety and stress the very causes of unhappiness and illness
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenthcentury free enterprise capitalism Certainly not Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arrangements Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man
36 By a welloiled cog in the machinery the author intends to render the idea that man is ________
[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society though functioning smoothly（C）
[D] a humble component of the society especially when working smoothly
37 The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ________
[A] they are likely to lose their jobs
[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence（D）
[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence
38 From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ________
[A] who are at the bottom of the society
[B] who are higher up in their social status
[C] who prove better than their fellowcompetitors（D）
[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world
39 To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ________
[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees
[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities（C）
[D] take the fundamental realities for granted
40 The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ________
[A] approval
[B] dissatisfaction
[C] suspicion（B）
[D] tolerance
Text 3
When an invention is made the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him he can give the invention to the world by publishing it keep the idea secret or patent it
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates
Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention
Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and if older than half a century sometimes even repatent Indeed patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent Likewise because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security
Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most new ideas are in fact as old as the hills It is their reduction to commercial practice either through necessity or dedication or through the availability of new technology that makes news and money The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886 Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear
41 The passage is mainly about ________
[A] an approach to patents
[B] the application for patents
[C] the use of patents（D）
[D] the access to patents
42 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
[A] When a patent becomes out of effect it can be repatented or extended if necessary
[B] It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public
[C] A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over（C）
[D] One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office
43 George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because ________
[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time
[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time
[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes（B）
[D] the colour TV receiver was not available until that time
44 The word plagiarize (Line 8 Para 5) most probably means ________
[A] steal and use
[B] give reward to
[C] make public（A）
[D] take and change
45 From the passage we learn that ________
[A] an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice
[B] products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago
[C] it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one（A）
[D] patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patents
Section III Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (15 points)
Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture its development into a specialized field is really quite recent Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be in a single large building
The importance of interior design becomes when we realize how much time we surrounded by four walls Whenever we need to be indoors we want our surroundings to be attractive and comfortable as possible We also expect place to be appropriate to its use You would be if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look the inside of a restaurant And you wouldn’t feel in a business office that has the appearance of a school
It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic is the function of the particular For example a theater with poor sight lines poor soundshaping qualities and few entries and exits will not work for purpose no matter how beautifully it might be Nevertheless for any kind of space the designer has to make many of the same kind of He or she must coordinate the shapes lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor
addition the designer must usually select furniture or design builtin furniture according to the functions that need to be served
46 [A] consisted
[B] contained
[C] composed（B）
[D] comprised
47 [A] obscure
[B] attractive
[C] appropriate（D）
[D] evident
48 [A] spend
[B] require
[C] settle（A）
[D] retain
49 [A] so
[B] as
[C] thus（B）
[D] such
50 [A] some
[B] any
[C] this（D）
[D] each
51 [A] amused
[B] interested
[C] shocked（C）
[D] frightened
52 [A] like
[B] for
[C] at（A）
[D] into
53 [A] correct
[B] proper
[C] right（C）
[D] suitable
54 [A] care
[B] concern
[C] attention（B）
[D] intention
55 [A] circumstance
[B] environment
[C] surroundings（D）
[D] space
56 [A] too
[B] quite
[C] a（A）
[D] far
57 [A] their
[B] its
[C] those（B）
[D] that
58 [A] painted
[B] covered
[C] ornamented（D）
[D] decorated
59 [A] solutions
[B] conclusions
[C] decisions（C）
[D] determinations
60 [A] For
[B] In
[C] As（B）
[D] With
Section IV Errordetection and Correction
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets Then without altering the meaning of the sentence write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
foreign visitors were to the industrial exhibition they many new products
Answer [C] is wrong because the sentence should read A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products So you should choose [C] and write the correction where on the line
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [●] [D] where
61 He cannot tell the difference between praise and statements only to his favor（[C] made）
62 They want to expose those disadvantaged students to creative educational for a period（[A] educationally）
63 The changes that place in air travel the last sixty years completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists the turn of the 19th century（[A] have taken）
64 I don’t think advisable that he to the job since he has experience （[B] (should) be assigned）
65 Beethoven the great musician nine symphonies in his life most of them after he his （[B] written）
66 Mr Jankin regretted his secretary the mistake he later it was his own fault（[A] having blamed）
67 the influence of computerization nowhere the results more clearly than which really us all（[B] have we seen）
68 more care the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than of and editorials（[C] into the writing）
69 It is required by law that a husband the debts of his wife formal notice is given he no longer has （[D] to pay them）
70 the years a large number of overseas students at that university that acquired substantial experience in dealing with them（[C] with the result）
Section V EnglishChinese Translation
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (15 points)
(71) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation There is no more difference but there is just the same kind of difference between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights (72) It is not that the scales in the one case and the balance in the other differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former
You will understand this better perhaps if I give you some familiar examples (73) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (纳法) and deduction that by the help of these operations they in a sort of sense manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws and that out of these by some special skill of their own they build up their theories (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training To hear all these large words you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men but if you will not be frightened by terms you will discover that you are quite wrong and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives
There is a wellknown incident in one of Moliere’s plays where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life In the same way I trust that you will take comfort and be delighted with yourselves on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period (75) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning of the very same kind though differing in degree as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena
Section VI Writing
Directions
[A] Title ADVERTISEMENT ON TV
[B] Time limit 40 minutes
[C] Word limit 120150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen
[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
OUTLINE
1 Present state
2 Reasons
3 My comments
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