Object and complement
The basic parts of a sentence include subject predicate object complement attribute and
adverbial As we have seen any complete sentence consists of a subject and a predicate Predicates
contain verbs Generally verbs may be divided into two categories linking verbs and action verbs
Both may require a word to complete their meaning We call such a word complement The
complement of a linking verb is called a predicative or a subject complement which renames or
describes the subject For example
1 My favorite playwright is William Shakespeare
2 Mark Twain became a steamboat pilot
3 She felt uneasy in the crowd
The complement of an action verb is called an object The subject performs the action and the
object receives the action
1 The old man caught a big fish
2 Her husband frequently beat her
3 My uncle eventually gave up smoking
Sometimes action verbs have two different objects a direct object and an indirect object The
direct object receives the action while the indirect object receives the direct object For instance：
Harry bought his son a new school bag
A new school bag receives the action of the verb bought so it is the direct object his son
receives the direct object a new school bag and it is the indirect object Usually the preposition
to or for may be put in front of the indirect object but then the resulting prepositional phrase
should follow the direct object For example
1 The old man left his daughter a large house
(The old man left a large house to his daughter)
2 Jim bought his girlfriend a bouquet of flowers
(Jim bought a bouquet of flowers for his girlfriend)
Different from the indirect object an object complement is used to complete the meaning of the
direct object In general it comes immediately after the direct object to identify or describe it Some
verbs that usually have object complements include appoint make consider call elect name think
choose find and prove
1 The committee appointed Franklin general manager
2 No one considered him an expert
3 The bouquet of flowers made his girlfriend happy

Adverbials indicate time place manner and reasons They answer such questions as when where
how and why Adverbials may be adverbs prepositional phrases or adverbial clauses
As a rule long adverbials are placed at the end of a sentence while short adverbials may be placed
at the beginning in the middle or at the end may be all right Adverbs are often placed between two
parts of a verb For instance
1 The train will arrive tomorrow morning
2 He had carefully driven his car to the station
3 Very soon she knew the full story



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