2013年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题详解
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
People are on the whole poor at considering background information when making individual decisions At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decisionmakers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with 4 he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day
To 8 this idea he turned to the universityadmissions process In theory the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11
He studied the results of 9323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant＇s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test or GMAT a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points to make a decision on whether to accept him or her
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 075 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0075 points This might sound small but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20
1[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all
5[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
8[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
9[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
15[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
20 [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
答案：
15 ADCAB
610 BADDA
1115 DCBDB
1620 CACBC
答案详解：
2013年完型填空篇选济学名A Question of Judgment文章讲述关判断问题类文章出现年考研真题中符合考研英语历年出题形式考生没掌握单词基知识解题技巧情况会感困难
相较2012年完型说年考题适中考查词汇部分涉名词动词形容词介词中动词考查频率高占完型部分考题35第471517题考察逻辑连接题占完型题目20考生掌握文结构基础准确完成类考题次文章考查点里两处涉置定语语法知识第5第10题处形容词加介词构成置定语处分词作置定语两点跨考阶讲义中位语法老师已考生专门讲解期陆陆续续阅读写作课里反复提语法点
遵循完型填空结构形式年考题然秉承总分结构第段引出话题介绍Dr Simonsohn 观点第二三四段具体介绍Dr Simonsohn证明理采取实验发现文章第句话出整篇文章中心线—People are on the whole poor at considering background information when making individual decisions
总2013年考题日常强调单词加技巧等高分解题方式定会迎刃解
1 [标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 文语义词汇辨析
[选项分析] 题考查动词根文意思首先排[B][D]句话中 that 引导定语句说优势赋予种特定力[C]中transmit 传播符合文意思
2 [标准答案] [D]
[考点分析] 文语义
[选项分析] which are unbiased 定语句做插入语修饰 judgment句话意思通XXX素作出公正判决力排[A] [B]做题时需理解第句话提供背景条件第句话说擅长利背景信息作决定推出通关键信息做出公正判决通信息外部信息作出判决根文意思推出 [D] 正确答案
3 [标准答案] [C]
[考点分析] 文语义固定搭配
[选项分析] big picture 固定搭配指(事情)部分重点选[A]词语big 搭配均没层意思
4 [标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 逻辑衔接题
[选项分析] 根文逻辑关系判断提出观点接进行例证选项中[A] 表示例符合逻辑关系选[A][B]表示均意思[C]体原[D] 首先均符合
5 [标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 文语义词汇辨析
[选项分析] 四选项均介词 of 搭配[A] 表示喜欢 [B] 表示害怕恐怕 [C] 表示够具…力 [D] 表示轻率考虑周of 面短语作 judge 定语句话意思XXX显犯罪太软弱法官更倾告作出判刑判决根文意思排 [A] [D]显犯罪太软弱显然某种力排[C] 选项根文意思害怕显软弱法官会更倾作出较严厉判决选[B]
6 [标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 介词搭配
[选项分析] soft on sbsth 固定搭配词组表示某某事态度偏软够严厉意思选[B]
7标准答案A
考点分析 逻辑衔接题
选项分析 前半句含义担心会犯罪行表现分软弱法官会判入狱半句含义天已判五六缓刑两句间逻辑关系明显假设A if 表示假设果B until 直C though 然表转折D unless 非表步前半句结果句半句假设条件选C
8标准答案 D考点分析 文语义动词辨析
选项分析 句话说进行试验验证观点空格名词idea作宾语决定动词十分关键
动词意思应测试A promote 促进B emphasize 强调C share 分享D test 测试D 选项观点搭配符合语境
9标准答案 D考点分析 文语义名词辨析
选项分析 句话含义讲中申请者申请面试中关系申请者希成功A decisioin 选择B quality 质量C status 身份D success 成功D 项搭配符合语境
10标准答案 A考点分析 置定语
选项分析 句意测试中机选出申请者A chosen 选出B stupid 笨C found 发现D identified 识A 选项申请者搭配意选出申请者符合语境
11标准答案 D考点分析 逻辑衔接题
选项分析 半句开头but已暗示文连接词容前半句意申请者面试成功申请者没关系半句意西蒙森怀疑事实明显转折关系A exceptional 例外B defensible 防御C replaceable 换D otherwise 相反D项表转折关系选D
12 标准答案 C考点分析 置定语
选项分析 句前半句说西蒙森研究面试者结果半句含义招生办官员里应该招生办官员举行面试半句做置定语A inspire 鼓舞B expressed 表达C conducted 举行D secured 保护结合文出C项符合语境
13标准答案B
考点分析 文语义动词词义辨析
选项分析 文中句子含义面试官13申请者五级分A assign 分配指派 财产户(尤指户债权)B rate 认估价Cmatch 赛D arrange 安排根文含义应选B
14[标准答案] [D]
[考点分析] 固定搭配 题干This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration 空格处需动词面into consideration 选took Take into consideration 什考虑意思
15B题考查逻辑关系通文应该选择表承先序词B项then合适
16 [标准答案] [C]
[考点分析] 文语义逻辑关系
[选项分析] 句话 which 引导定语句修饰 exam考试总分句话意思说800分计算标准测试排[A][B] [D]选项mark 表示分符合原文意思选[C]
17 [标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 文语义逻辑关系
[选项分析] 根词语意思搭配排 [C] [D] 选项题选择必须面题联系起进行选择句话说前面候选者分数XXX候选者高075分候选者XXX知前面候选者肯定面分数高排[B][A] 选项符合文逻辑关系选[A]
18B 根文意思种updown 趋势17空前面up趋势18谓语动词应该选降趋势动词ABCD中明显表降B项 drop相前面high
19B根文应该选消影响含义动词答案中B项AC相反B消会产生符合文
20C题需找形容词修饰points A 项promising 前途希意思合适明显BCD中C项necessary符合文
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada Miranda Priestly played by Meryl Streep scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment
This topdown conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed Elizabeth Cline’s threeyear indictment of fast fashion In the last decades or so advances in technology have allowed massmarket labels such as Zara H&M and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory more frequent releases and more profit Those labels encourage styleconscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks By offering ontrend items at dirtcheap prices Cline argues these brands have hijacked fashion cycles shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace
The victims of this revolution of course are not limited to designers For H&M to offer a 595 knit miniskirt in all its 2300plus stores around the world it must rely on lowwage overseas labor order in volumes that strain natural resources and use massive amount of harmful chemicals
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma Massproduced clothing like fast food fills a hunger and need yet is nondurable and wasteful Cline argues Americans she finds buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away this excess leads to waste
Towards the end of Overdressed Cline introduced her ideal a Brooklyn woman named SKB who since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully But as Cline is the first to note it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft her example can’t be knocked off
Though several fastfashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lastingchange can only be effected by the customer She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability be it in food or in energy Vanity is a constant people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it
21 Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill
[B] insensitivity to fashion
[C] obsession with high fashion
[D]lack of imagination
22 According to Cline massmaket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world
[C] resist the influence of advertisements
[D] shop for their garments more frequently
23 The word indictment (Line 3 Para2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation
[B] enthusiasm
[C] indifference
[D] tolerance
24 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists
[B] The fastfashion industry ignores sustainability
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments
[D] Pricing is vital to environmentfriendly purchasing
25 What is the subject of the text
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle
[B] Challenge to a highfashion myth
[C] Criticism of the fastfashion industry
[D] Exposure of a massmarket secret
答案：BDCCD
Text 2
An old saw has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is no one knows which half In the internet age at least in theory this fraction can be much reduced By watching what people search for click on and say online companies can aim behavioural ads at those most likely to buy
In the past couple of weeks three deals and a quarrel have illustrated the value to advertisers (and their suppliers of software) of such finegrained information Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads Or should they have explicit permission
In December 2010 America＇s Federal Trade Commission proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed Microsoft＇s Internet Explorer and Apple＇s Safari both offer DNT Google＇s Chrome is due to do so this year In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests
On May 31st Microsoft set off the row It said that Internet Explorer 10 the version due to appear with Windows 8 a new incarnation of the software firm＇s operating system would have DNT as a default
Advertisers are horrified Human nature being what it is most people stick with default settings Few switch DNT on now but if tracking is off it will stay off Bob Liodice the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers one of the groups in the DAA says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences People will not get fewer ads he says They＇ll get less meaningful less targeted ads
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking although some companies (including Twitter) have promised to do so Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft＇s default some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone After all it has an ad business too which it says will comply with DNT requests though it is still working out how If it is trying to rile Google which relies almost wholly on advertising it has chosen an indirect method there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google＇s on that count before Brendon Lynch Microsoft＇s chief privacy officer blogged We believe consumers should have more control Could it really be that simple
26 It is suggested in paragraph 1 that behavioural ads help advertisers to
[A] ease competition among themselves
[B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers
[D]provide better online services
27 The industry (Line 6Para3) refers to
[A] online advertisers
[B] ecommerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis
[D]internet browser developers
28 Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads
[B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D]goes against human nature
29 which of the following is true according to Paragraph6
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30 The author＇s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of
[A] indulgence
[B] understanding
[C] appreciation
[D] skepticism
答案： BDCAD
详解：
26 标准答案：B
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力类题目解题关键根题干信息定位题Paragraph 1behavioural定位信息
选项分析：根文章第段第二句this fraction can be much reduced互联网时代少理浪费部分资金中节省应文章half of all advertising budgets are wastedB项降低运营成文章义改写ABD项文章均提
27 标准答案：D
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力根题干中已出具体信息点The industry应回第三段定位
选项分析：根题干信息the industry推测the前文指代应定位该句前文章容：摩斯拉(Mozilla)火狐(Firefox)微软(Microsoft)IE(Internet Explorer)苹果浏览器Safari允许踪选项年谷歌Chrome中加入功推断出选项D网络浏览器开发商正确选项
28 标准答案：C
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力结合题干中出名Bob Liodice专名词DNTdefault回文章定位第五段
选项分析：文章中Bob Liodice称果广告商收集关户偏信息消费者说更利原文中consumers will be worse off应C选项will not benefit consumers消费者利C应正确答案A项原文相反垃圾广告减少增加B项广告业没影响D项违背性均文章符
29 标准答案：A
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力关键定位辨细节信息
选项分析：根题干信息提示难定位文章第六段句半部分…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway 公司忽略允许踪信号继续记录户线行推知允许踪会起预期作选项B广告商乐意实行允许踪段第句话It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond 广告商会作反应清楚符选项C允许踪已收消费者欢迎段第句句容…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway 符选项C广告商迫提供行广告文中Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking…相符
30 标准答案：D
考点分析：题考查考生作者观点态度握根然段定位法定位文章段
选项分析：根关键信息Brendon Lynch定位文章段倒数第二句句Brendon Lynch博客中写道：认户应该更话语权’紧接着句Could it really be that simple 真简单？体现作者态度A项意容B项理解义选项C感激义D项怀疑D项符合作者意正确答案
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago our visions of the future were largely though by no means uniformly glowingly positive Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all
Now utopia has grown unfashionable as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to
But such gloominess is misplaced The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years so why shouldn＇t we Take a broader look at our species＇ place in the universe and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens if not hundreds of thousands of years Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed adaptable currently increasing and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline
So what does our deep future hold A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question For example the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence
Perhaps willfully it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future The potential evolution of today＇s technology and its social consequences is dazzlingly complicated and it＇s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage That＇s one reason why we have launched Arc a new publication dedicated to the near future
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance As so often the past holds the key to the future we have now identified enough of the longterm patterns shaping the history of the planet and our species to make evidencebased forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad To be sure the future is not all rosy But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans and to improve the lot of those to come
31 Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
32 The IUCN’s Red List suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species
[B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power
[D] a misplaced race
33 Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies
[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise
[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive
34 To ensure the future of mankind it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources
[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past
[D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future
[B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Everbright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science Technology and Humanity
答案：3135 BBDCA
答案详解：
31 B 解析细节题根题干信息our vision of the future used to定位文章第段B选项答案未想象科技信心鼓舞 A 选项错误原果倒置lives of fulfillmentscience and technololgy导致文章题干求our vision of future 关C选项中生未提awareness of potential risks概念D选项equal opportunityopportunity for all相等机会曲解
32B 解析推理题文章问题Red List表明类什根关键词定位文章第三段Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read…根threatened species知道威胁物种时面the Conversation of Nature知道然threatened类威胁明显
33 D 解析判断题 A 选项定位it＇s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage That＇s one reason why we have launched Arc a new publication dedicated to the near future里根没讲限制2句话说科幻说作者未学家探索现象性里发表Arc根没讲限制A 排B讲科技文章说完The potential evolution of today＇s technology and its social consequences is dazzlingly complicated讲科技社会意义面句 and it＇s perhaps best…转折文章没提solution没提社会问题(social problem)
C 选项说科幻说兴趣升(on the rise)整段没说趋势D选项定位文章第句话 Perhaps willfully it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future句话推测出immediate future漫长时标更难事情更易察觉
34 C 解析细节题 定位future of the mankind 文章第6段时重标点符号号说明the past holds the key to the future 直点号前句话具体解释说句强调the past 关键性选择CA项B项D项容关
35 A 解析旨题 文章题目A选项未确定性文章第段讲未想象第二三段现法第四段段未确定性B选项类演化C选项类美前景D选项科学技术类文章旨 顾答案A
Text 4
On a five to three vote the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Mondaya modest policy victory for the Obama Administration But on the more important matter of the Constitution the decision was an 80 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states
In Arizona v United States the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones
Justice Anthony Kennedy joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers
However the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federalstate immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues
Two of the three objecting JusticeSamuel Alito and Clarence Thomasagreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts
The 80 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as a shocking assertion of federal executive power The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter In effect the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government and control of citizenship and the borders is among them But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status it could It never did so The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes no state should be allowed to do so either Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim
36 Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies
37 On which of the following did the Justices agree according to Paragraph4
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information
[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement
[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement
38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution
[B] undermined the states’ interests
[C] supported the federal statute
[D] stood in favor of the states
39 The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states
[B] is dependent on the states’ support
[C] is established by federal statutes
[D] rarely goes against state laws
40 What can be learned from the last paragraph
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues
答案：36 CCDAD
答案详解：
36
标准答案： C
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力
选项分析：根题干中关键词 three provisions of Arizona定位文中第二段第句提Arizona计划三部分推翻州方警察实施联邦移民法律句话没相应选项面句意思宪法规毋庸置疑认华盛顿身建立统然化规权力认联邦法律优先州法律推翻超越联邦移民法权威题第三段第二句话提on the overturned provision 意思部分认议会意占领Arizona侵犯联邦享特权权力答案B
37
标准答案： C
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力
选项分析：根题干关键词the Justice Paragraph 4 准确定位第四段判断正误题采排方法通观察选项发现BC围绕State 先找关容第四段第二句话提议会通常想象联邦州起实施移民法律明确鼓励州联邦官员享信息合作C选项州移民实施方面合法作正确答案
38
标准答案： D
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息推理引申力
选项分析：根题干中关键词Paragraph 5the Alien and Sedition 精确定位第五段第二句话回the Alien and Sedition法案州特权法案关联选项D 难发现BD矛盾选项通阅读文章排D
39
标准答案： A
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力
选项分析：根题干中关键词the White House 定位第六段句提白宫声称够意州法律合法选项A
40
标准答案： D
考点分析：题考查考生文章旨握力
选项分析：根前三段出文章旨移民法律关AD提答案中A说通常议会决定段第三段句话容突答案D
Part B (10 points)
Directions
In the following article some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing As of 2005 there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world working both inside and outside academia According to the World Social Science Report 2010the number of socialscience students worldwide has swollen by about 11 every year since 2000
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change security sustainable development and health(41)______Humanity has the necessary agrotechnological tools to eradicate hunger from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers Here too the problems are social the organization and distribution of food wealth and prosperity
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter there is no radical innovation without creative destruction
Today the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debatesrather than on topics with external impact
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords environmental changed or climate change have increased rapidly since 2004(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues their scope is often localBelgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate
The trick is to direct these funds betterThe European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientistsThis yearit was proposed that system be changedHorizon 2020a new program to be enacted in 2014would not have such a category This has resulted in protests from social scientistsBut the intention is not to neglect social science rather the complete opposite(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social
scientistsone that is disciplineoriented and publishing in highly
specialized journalsand one that is problemoriented and publishing
elsewheresuch as policy briefs
[B] Howeverthe numbers are still smallin 2010about 1600 of the
100000 socialsciences papers published globally included one of these
Keywords
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories including health and demographic change food security marine research and the bioeconomy clear efficient energy and inclusive innovative and secure societies
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community and what it considers to be its main goal Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists especially the young ones
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior all require behavioral change and social innovations as well as technological development Stemming climate change for example is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy
[F] Despite these factors many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems And in Europe some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for socialscience research and to integrate it within crosscutting topics of sustainable development
[G] During the late 1990s national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development fundsincluding government higher education nonprofit and corporate varied from around 4 to 25 in most European nations it is about 15
答案：4145：EFBGC
答案详解 ：
文章源Luk Van Langenhon然杂志中关社会科学研究资金未取社会科学投资收益率角度建议应该资助解决学科环境问题研究
41[正确答案] ：E
[考点分析] 复现结构+代词纸带关系定位
[选项分析] 题段中空空填容文决定句中Yet this enormous resource 没global challenges做出足够贡献global challenges 包括 climate change security sustainable development and health E选项中These issues指代句中种global challengesall have root causes in human behavior解释什说this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challengesE 选项正确答案
42[正确答案]：F
[考点分析] 文逻辑关系定位
[选项分析] 题段首空容句决定空说This is a shame句前空中填容定感觉 shameful事情F 选项中many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems 应该羞愧事情确定F 选项正确答案
43[正确答案]：B
[考点分析] 复现结构定位
[选项分析] 题段尾空容句确定句句子意思包括关键词environmental changed climate change 文数量迅速增长根段落容致性原面应该继续讲类文数量问题选项
B 中继续说然数量容说衔接十分紧密B 正确答案
44[正确答案]：G
[考点分析] 代词指代关系定位
[选项分析] 题段中空容句决定空面句子说this is an adequate amount充足数字空中定出现数字选项中提数字B G 选项B 选择数字前直接说明the numbers are still small数字然空面说充足数量矛盾排G 选项national spending …varied from around 4 to 25 符合空中求容正确答案
45[正确答案]：C
[考点分析] 复现结构定位+代词指代关系定位
[选项分析] 题段中空容句确定空面代词that 说明That should create more collaborative endeavors 带合作性endeavors C选项中the idea is to force social to integrate 整合 their work with other categoriesIntegrate collaborative 义复现正确答案
Section III Translation
46 Directions Translate the following text from English to Chinese Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2 (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them the need for creative expression There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create express fashion and beautify and that selfexpression is a basic human urge (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless it strikes one that for all their diversity of styles these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence a still point of the turning world to borrow a phrase from T S Eliot (47)A sacred place of peace however crude it may be is a distinctly human need as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking as it is for these unlikely gardens the former becomes all the more urgent Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us When we are deprived of green of plants of trees (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials an institution of colors small pool of water and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference at some basic level seems to be the natural world (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a liberated sense to describe these synthetic constructions In them we can see biophilia a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms
答案
46 然观家创建花园片时会深深震撼花园仅风格异装饰创造性外透露出基诉求
47 然块神圣许粗糙种类需求庇护相反动物需求
48 家花园事实家花园 城市环境引入种形式城市没没显眼花园
49中数屈服精神败坏常种精神败坏推卸心理环境直天发现处花园中感受种压迫感思议消失
50 正种隐含外露然提充分证实花园单词种解放意义说描述综合建设
详解：
2013年翻译文章选品文集：Gardens An Essay on the Human Condition常样英语翻译文章出题惯某书中改编2013年考研英语翻译篇文章改编书59页61页中篇
年翻译题总体感觉句子结构太难词汇成表达难点然考重核心词汇课堂讲刺班讲介词短语然意思介词短语固定短语确定说表达起太难
总体说五翻译句子涉分词作定语定语句状语句插入语翻译第46题考查时间状语句it引导形式语句翻译第4749题关定语句翻译时第47题50题考查插入语翻译考生英翻汉时候建议采拆分组合方法解题首先句谓宾弄清楚然意群划分句子汉语表达惯部分意群串成完整合中文表达方式句子
46句子分析句干：it strikes one中it形式语真正语that引导语句句首when 引导时间状语句Beyondthat指代文diversityFor all句中意思
译文然观家创建花园片时会深深震撼花园仅风格异装饰创造性外透露出基类需求
47句子分析句干：A sacred place of peaceis a distinctly human need谓间插入however引导步状语句as opposed to shelterwhich引导非限制性定语句修饰shelterIn effect事实质意思
译文神圣原始明显种类需求庇护相反动物需求
48句子分析句干：The gardens of the homelessintroduce formwhere引导修饰environment定语句句子中作点状语
译文家花园事实家花园 种形式引入城市环境中城市环境中没花园没显眼花园
49句子分析句干：most of us give into a demoralization of spiritwhich紧spirit引导定语句Until引导时间状语句中as if正意思
译文 中数屈服精神败坏常种精神败坏推卸心理环境直天发现处花园中感受种精神败坏思议消失
50句子分析句it isthat形式强调句型强调部分语this implicit or explicit reference to nature句谓语动词justifiesIn asense某种意义某种意义意思
译文正种隐含外露热提充分证明种解放意义说花园词描述工建筑合理
Section III Writing
Party A
51 Directions
Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting himher to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest
You should include the details you think necessary
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
范文：
Dear professor
I am the chairman of the Students’ Union of Foreign language school in Peking University We are to hold an English speech contest next week I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition
The contest will be held next Sunday Dec 20 2012 in the Room 200 Teaching Building No 3 It will begin at 630 and last for 3 hours Participants will be from different majors in our university Judges to be invited include another three professors who are very familiar to you
We would be greatly honored if you can show your presence and provide us with your valuable comments Please contact us at 1234567 if you can come
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
详解解析：
年作文出预料考邀请信Direction求校英语外教写封邀请信邀请做英语演讲赛裁判求 You should include the details you think necessary 文格式书信语域正式语域 出现缩写省略
称呼： Dear professor 鉴信写校外教教师性应该已知Dear Sir Madam 合适称呼写成professor符合收信学教师身份
正文
第段：写作容需涵盖两点：介绍表明邀请介绍求写明白写封信原表明事相关性根文direction求建议假定次英语演讲赛组办方较合适表明邀请句子定注意礼貌I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition 表达
第二段： 写作容活动安排邀请想知道信息活动时间点必少参加赛员裁判情况邀请说益帮助做决定
第三段：写作容 表达感谢期盼方接受邀请提供方予反馈联系方式注意语气真挚礼貌
落款： Yours sincerely 特提醒sincerely面逗号丢
签名： Li Ming 特注意 Ming 面定出现句点
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) interpret its intended meaning and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
真题范文：
Decisions after Graduation
Recently there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation As is described in the picture a group of graduates is facing various roads such as searching for jobs pursuing further study going abroad and entrepreneurship The picture intends to convey to us this message As adults college students have to make decisions about their future life
After graduation college students have to make decisions about their future life For those who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college taking a job or doing poineering work will be both satisfying and rewarding Getting established as a breadwinner after graduation is their main desire By contrast those who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college however will try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside For them a Master＇s degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor＇s degree In the same way their lifetime success and interest lies more in academic achievements than in making money
As far as I am concerned it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice For the part of my own getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream This is based on my belief that I should do more research and learn more while I am still young
范文解析：
2013年考研英语 ()作文次考察图画作文种题型广考生应该会陌生图形中描述毕业生面选择属意义分析型中生哲理类文章跨考写作课程(写作课件P85100)重点强调求学生次练类型考前跨考出版考研英语命题考前8天作文预测P116准确预测
选择话题历年真题200420072008属意义分析型文章中2004年终点新起点2013年作文题目接
生哲理型文章第段类型文章区描述图片点题例As is revealed in the picture cartoon … … 句型描写图片第二句句子The picture is fairly thoughtprovoking which intends to convey to us this message …点出题
第二段第句揭示图片象征寓意作题句We can easily recognize the significance of … in terms of …第二三句正反两方面述题On the one hand … Take … as an example … On the other hand … Without … …(果)
第三段总结段总说图片中提生哲理观点进行概括选择句型：Considering all the points discussed above it is advisable that we highly value … and apply it in our studies and work … 者：We are therefore supposed to take a rational attitude …
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Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
People are on the whole poor at considering background information when making individual decisions At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decisionmakers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with 4 he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day
To 8 this idea he turned to the universityadmissions process In theory the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11
He studied the results of 9323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant＇s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test or GMAT a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points to make a decision on whether to accept him or her
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 075 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0075 points This might sound small but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20
1[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all
5[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
8[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
9[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
15[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
20 [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
答案：
15 ADCAB
610 BADDA
1115 DCBDB
1620 CACBC
答案详解：
2013年完型填空篇选济学名A Question of Judgment文章讲述关判断问题类文章出现年考研真题中符合考研英语历年出题形式考生没掌握单词基知识解题技巧情况会感困难
相较2012年完型说年考题适中考查词汇部分涉名词动词形容词介词中动词考查频率高占完型部分考题35第471517题考察逻辑连接题占完型题目20考生掌握文结构基础准确完成类考题次文章考查点里两处涉置定语语法知识第5第10题处形容词加介词构成置定语处分词作置定语两点跨考阶讲义中位语法老师已考生专门讲解期陆陆续续阅读写作课里反复提语法点
遵循完型填空结构形式年考题然秉承总分结构第段引出话题介绍Dr Simonsohn 观点第二三四段具体介绍Dr Simonsohn证明理采取实验发现文章第句话出整篇文章中心线—People are on the whole poor at considering background information when making individual decisions
总2013年考题日常强调单词加技巧等高分解题方式定会迎刃解
1 [标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 文语义词汇辨析
[选项分析] 题考查动词根文意思首先排[B][D]句话中 that 引导定语句说优势赋予种特定力[C]中transmit 传播符合文意思
2 [标准答案] [D]
[考点分析] 文语义
[选项分析] which are unbiased 定语句做插入语修饰 judgment句话意思通XXX素作出公正判决力排[A] [B]做题时需理解第句话提供背景条件第句话说擅长利背景信息作决定推出通关键信息做出公正判决通信息外部信息作出判决根文意思推出 [D] 正确答案
3 [标准答案] [C]
[考点分析] 文语义固定搭配
[选项分析] big picture 固定搭配指(事情)部分重点选[A]词语big 搭配均没层意思
4 [标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 逻辑衔接题
[选项分析] 根文逻辑关系判断提出观点接进行例证选项中[A] 表示例符合逻辑关系选[A][B]表示均意思[C]体原[D] 首先均符合
5 [标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 文语义词汇辨析
[选项分析] 四选项均介词 of 搭配[A] 表示喜欢 [B] 表示害怕恐怕 [C] 表示够具…力 [D] 表示轻率考虑周of 面短语作 judge 定语句话意思XXX显犯罪太软弱法官更倾告作出判刑判决根文意思排 [A] [D]显犯罪太软弱显然某种力排[C] 选项根文意思害怕显软弱法官会更倾作出较严厉判决选[B]
6 [标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 介词搭配
[选项分析] soft on sbsth 固定搭配词组表示某某事态度偏软够严厉意思选[B]
7标准答案A
考点分析 逻辑衔接题
选项分析 前半句含义担心会犯罪行表现分软弱法官会判入狱半句含义天已判五六缓刑两句间逻辑关系明显假设A if 表示假设果B until 直C though 然表转折D unless 非表步前半句结果句半句假设条件选C
8标准答案 D考点分析 文语义动词辨析
选项分析 句话说进行试验验证观点空格名词idea作宾语决定动词十分关键
动词意思应测试A promote 促进B emphasize 强调C share 分享D test 测试D 选项观点搭配符合语境
9标准答案 D考点分析 文语义名词辨析
选项分析 句话含义讲中申请者申请面试中关系申请者希成功A decisioin 选择B quality 质量C status 身份D success 成功D 项搭配符合语境
10标准答案 A考点分析 置定语
选项分析 句意测试中机选出申请者A chosen 选出B stupid 笨C found 发现D identified 识A 选项申请者搭配意选出申请者符合语境
11标准答案 D考点分析 逻辑衔接题
选项分析 半句开头but已暗示文连接词容前半句意申请者面试成功申请者没关系半句意西蒙森怀疑事实明显转折关系A exceptional 例外B defensible 防御C replaceable 换D otherwise 相反D项表转折关系选D
12 标准答案 C考点分析 置定语
选项分析 句前半句说西蒙森研究面试者结果半句含义招生办官员里应该招生办官员举行面试半句做置定语A inspire 鼓舞B expressed 表达C conducted 举行D secured 保护结合文出C项符合语境
13标准答案B
考点分析 文语义动词词义辨析
选项分析 文中句子含义面试官13申请者五级分A assign 分配指派 财产户(尤指户债权)B rate 认估价Cmatch 赛D arrange 安排根文含义应选B
14[标准答案] [D]
[考点分析] 固定搭配 题干This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration 空格处需动词面into consideration 选took Take into consideration 什考虑意思
15B题考查逻辑关系通文应该选择表承先序词B项then合适
16 [标准答案] [C]
[考点分析] 文语义逻辑关系
[选项分析] 句话 which 引导定语句修饰 exam考试总分句话意思说800分计算标准测试排[A][B] [D]选项mark 表示分符合原文意思选[C]
17 [标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 文语义逻辑关系
[选项分析] 根词语意思搭配排 [C] [D] 选项题选择必须面题联系起进行选择句话说前面候选者分数XXX候选者高075分候选者XXX知前面候选者肯定面分数高排[B][A] 选项符合文逻辑关系选[A]
18B 根文意思种updown 趋势17空前面up趋势18谓语动词应该选降趋势动词ABCD中明显表降B项 drop相前面high
19B根文应该选消影响含义动词答案中B项AC相反B消会产生符合文
20C题需找形容词修饰points A 项promising 前途希意思合适明显BCD中C项necessary符合文
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada Miranda Priestly played by Meryl Streep scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment
This topdown conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed Elizabeth Cline’s threeyear indictment of fast fashion In the last decades or so advances in technology have allowed massmarket labels such as Zara H&M and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory more frequent releases and more profit Those labels encourage styleconscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks By offering ontrend items at dirtcheap prices Cline argues these brands have hijacked fashion cycles shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace
The victims of this revolution of course are not limited to designers For H&M to offer a 595 knit miniskirt in all its 2300plus stores around the world it must rely on lowwage overseas labor order in volumes that strain natural resources and use massive amount of harmful chemicals
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma Massproduced clothing like fast food fills a hunger and need yet is nondurable and wasteful Cline argues Americans she finds buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away this excess leads to waste
Towards the end of Overdressed Cline introduced her ideal a Brooklyn woman named SKB who since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully But as Cline is the first to note it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft her example can’t be knocked off
Though several fastfashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lastingchange can only be effected by the customer She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability be it in food or in energy Vanity is a constant people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it
21 Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill
[B] insensitivity to fashion
[C] obsession with high fashion
[D]lack of imagination
22 According to Cline massmaket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world
[C] resist the influence of advertisements
[D] shop for their garments more frequently
23 The word indictment (Line 3 Para2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation
[B] enthusiasm
[C] indifference
[D] tolerance
24 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists
[B] The fastfashion industry ignores sustainability
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments
[D] Pricing is vital to environmentfriendly purchasing
25 What is the subject of the text
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle
[B] Challenge to a highfashion myth
[C] Criticism of the fastfashion industry
[D] Exposure of a massmarket secret
答案：BDCCD
Text 2
An old saw has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is no one knows which half In the internet age at least in theory this fraction can be much reduced By watching what people search for click on and say online companies can aim behavioural ads at those most likely to buy
In the past couple of weeks three deals and a quarrel have illustrated the value to advertisers (and their suppliers of software) of such finegrained information Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads Or should they have explicit permission
In December 2010 America＇s Federal Trade Commission proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed Microsoft＇s Internet Explorer and Apple＇s Safari both offer DNT Google＇s Chrome is due to do so this year In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests
On May 31st Microsoft set off the row It said that Internet Explorer 10 the version due to appear with Windows 8 a new incarnation of the software firm＇s operating system would have DNT as a default
Advertisers are horrified Human nature being what it is most people stick with default settings Few switch DNT on now but if tracking is off it will stay off Bob Liodice the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers one of the groups in the DAA says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences People will not get fewer ads he says They＇ll get less meaningful less targeted ads
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking although some companies (including Twitter) have promised to do so Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft＇s default some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone After all it has an ad business too which it says will comply with DNT requests though it is still working out how If it is trying to rile Google which relies almost wholly on advertising it has chosen an indirect method there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google＇s on that count before Brendon Lynch Microsoft＇s chief privacy officer blogged We believe consumers should have more control Could it really be that simple
26 It is suggested in paragraph 1 that behavioural ads help advertisers to
[A] ease competition among themselves
[B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers
[D]provide better online services
27 The industry (Line 6Para3) refers to
[A] online advertisers
[B] ecommerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis
[D]internet browser developers
28 Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads
[B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D]goes against human nature
29 which of the following is true according to Paragraph6
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30 The author＇s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of
[A] indulgence
[B] understanding
[C] appreciation
[D] skepticism
答案： BDCAD
详解：
26 标准答案：B
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力类题目解题关键根题干信息定位题Paragraph 1behavioural定位信息
选项分析：根文章第段第二句this fraction can be much reduced互联网时代少理浪费部分资金中节省应文章half of all advertising budgets are wastedB项降低运营成文章义改写ABD项文章均提
27 标准答案：D
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力根题干中已出具体信息点The industry应回第三段定位
选项分析：根题干信息the industry推测the前文指代应定位该句前文章容：摩斯拉(Mozilla)火狐(Firefox)微软(Microsoft)IE(Internet Explorer)苹果浏览器Safari允许踪选项年谷歌Chrome中加入功推断出选项D网络浏览器开发商正确选项
28 标准答案：C
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力结合题干中出名Bob Liodice专名词DNTdefault回文章定位第五段
选项分析：文章中Bob Liodice称果广告商收集关户偏信息消费者说更利原文中consumers will be worse off应C选项will not benefit consumers消费者利C应正确答案A项原文相反垃圾广告减少增加B项广告业没影响D项违背性均文章符
29 标准答案：A
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力关键定位辨细节信息
选项分析：根题干信息提示难定位文章第六段句半部分…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway 公司忽略允许踪信号继续记录户线行推知允许踪会起预期作选项B广告商乐意实行允许踪段第句话It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond 广告商会作反应清楚符选项C允许踪已收消费者欢迎段第句句容…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway 符选项C广告商迫提供行广告文中Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking…相符
30 标准答案：D
考点分析：题考查考生作者观点态度握根然段定位法定位文章段
选项分析：根关键信息Brendon Lynch定位文章段倒数第二句句Brendon Lynch博客中写道：认户应该更话语权’紧接着句Could it really be that simple 真简单？体现作者态度A项意容B项理解义选项C感激义D项怀疑D项符合作者意正确答案
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago our visions of the future were largely though by no means uniformly glowingly positive Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all
Now utopia has grown unfashionable as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to
But such gloominess is misplaced The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years so why shouldn＇t we Take a broader look at our species＇ place in the universe and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens if not hundreds of thousands of years Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed adaptable currently increasing and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline
So what does our deep future hold A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question For example the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence
Perhaps willfully it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future The potential evolution of today＇s technology and its social consequences is dazzlingly complicated and it＇s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage That＇s one reason why we have launched Arc a new publication dedicated to the near future
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance As so often the past holds the key to the future we have now identified enough of the longterm patterns shaping the history of the planet and our species to make evidencebased forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad To be sure the future is not all rosy But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans and to improve the lot of those to come
31 Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
32 The IUCN’s Red List suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species
[B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power
[D] a misplaced race
33 Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies
[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise
[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive
34 To ensure the future of mankind it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources
[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past
[D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future
[B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Everbright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science Technology and Humanity
答案：3135 BBDCA
答案详解：
31 B 解析细节题根题干信息our vision of the future used to定位文章第段B选项答案未想象科技信心鼓舞 A 选项错误原果倒置lives of fulfillmentscience and technololgy导致文章题干求our vision of future 关C选项中生未提awareness of potential risks概念D选项equal opportunityopportunity for all相等机会曲解
32B 解析推理题文章问题Red List表明类什根关键词定位文章第三段Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read…根threatened species知道威胁物种时面the Conversation of Nature知道然threatened类威胁明显
33 D 解析判断题 A 选项定位it＇s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage That＇s one reason why we have launched Arc a new publication dedicated to the near future里根没讲限制2句话说科幻说作者未学家探索现象性里发表Arc根没讲限制A 排B讲科技文章说完The potential evolution of today＇s technology and its social consequences is dazzlingly complicated讲科技社会意义面句 and it＇s perhaps best…转折文章没提solution没提社会问题(social problem)
C 选项说科幻说兴趣升(on the rise)整段没说趋势D选项定位文章第句话 Perhaps willfully it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future句话推测出immediate future漫长时标更难事情更易察觉
34 C 解析细节题 定位future of the mankind 文章第6段时重标点符号号说明the past holds the key to the future 直点号前句话具体解释说句强调the past 关键性选择CA项B项D项容关
35 A 解析旨题 文章题目A选项未确定性文章第段讲未想象第二三段现法第四段段未确定性B选项类演化C选项类美前景D选项科学技术类文章旨 顾答案A
Text 4
On a five to three vote the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Mondaya modest policy victory for the Obama Administration But on the more important matter of the Constitution the decision was an 80 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states
In Arizona v United States the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones
Justice Anthony Kennedy joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers
However the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federalstate immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues
Two of the three objecting JusticeSamuel Alito and Clarence Thomasagreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts
The 80 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as a shocking assertion of federal executive power The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter In effect the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government and control of citizenship and the borders is among them But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status it could It never did so The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes no state should be allowed to do so either Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim
36 Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies
37 On which of the following did the Justices agree according to Paragraph4
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information
[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement
[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement
38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution
[B] undermined the states’ interests
[C] supported the federal statute
[D] stood in favor of the states
39 The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states
[B] is dependent on the states’ support
[C] is established by federal statutes
[D] rarely goes against state laws
40 What can be learned from the last paragraph
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues
答案：36 CCDAD
答案详解：
36
标准答案： C
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力
选项分析：根题干中关键词 three provisions of Arizona定位文中第二段第句提Arizona计划三部分推翻州方警察实施联邦移民法律句话没相应选项面句意思宪法规毋庸置疑认华盛顿身建立统然化规权力认联邦法律优先州法律推翻超越联邦移民法权威题第三段第二句话提on the overturned provision 意思部分认议会意占领Arizona侵犯联邦享特权权力答案B
37
标准答案： C
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力
选项分析：根题干关键词the Justice Paragraph 4 准确定位第四段判断正误题采排方法通观察选项发现BC围绕State 先找关容第四段第二句话提议会通常想象联邦州起实施移民法律明确鼓励州联邦官员享信息合作C选项州移民实施方面合法作正确答案
38
标准答案： D
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息推理引申力
选项分析：根题干中关键词Paragraph 5the Alien and Sedition 精确定位第五段第二句话回the Alien and Sedition法案州特权法案关联选项D 难发现BD矛盾选项通阅读文章排D
39
标准答案： A
考点分析：题考查考生文章细节信息握力
选项分析：根题干中关键词the White House 定位第六段句提白宫声称够意州法律合法选项A
40
标准答案： D
考点分析：题考查考生文章旨握力
选项分析：根前三段出文章旨移民法律关AD提答案中A说通常议会决定段第三段句话容突答案D
Part B (10 points)
Directions
In the following article some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing As of 2005 there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world working both inside and outside academia According to the World Social Science Report 2010the number of socialscience students worldwide has swollen by about 11 every year since 2000
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change security sustainable development and health(41)______Humanity has the necessary agrotechnological tools to eradicate hunger from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers Here too the problems are social the organization and distribution of food wealth and prosperity
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter there is no radical innovation without creative destruction
Today the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debatesrather than on topics with external impact
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords environmental changed or climate change have increased rapidly since 2004(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues their scope is often localBelgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate
The trick is to direct these funds betterThe European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientistsThis yearit was proposed that system be changedHorizon 2020a new program to be enacted in 2014would not have such a category This has resulted in protests from social scientistsBut the intention is not to neglect social science rather the complete opposite(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social
scientistsone that is disciplineoriented and publishing in highly
specialized journalsand one that is problemoriented and publishing
elsewheresuch as policy briefs
[B] Howeverthe numbers are still smallin 2010about 1600 of the
100000 socialsciences papers published globally included one of these
Keywords
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories including health and demographic change food security marine research and the bioeconomy clear efficient energy and inclusive innovative and secure societies
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community and what it considers to be its main goal Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists especially the young ones
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior all require behavioral change and social innovations as well as technological development Stemming climate change for example is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy
[F] Despite these factors many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems And in Europe some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for socialscience research and to integrate it within crosscutting topics of sustainable development
[G] During the late 1990s national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development fundsincluding government higher education nonprofit and corporate varied from around 4 to 25 in most European nations it is about 15
答案：4145：EFBGC
答案详解 ：
文章源Luk Van Langenhon然杂志中关社会科学研究资金未取社会科学投资收益率角度建议应该资助解决学科环境问题研究
41[正确答案] ：E
[考点分析] 复现结构+代词纸带关系定位
[选项分析] 题段中空空填容文决定句中Yet this enormous resource 没global challenges做出足够贡献global challenges 包括 climate change security sustainable development and health E选项中These issues指代句中种global challengesall have root causes in human behavior解释什说this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challengesE 选项正确答案
42[正确答案]：F
[考点分析] 文逻辑关系定位
[选项分析] 题段首空容句决定空说This is a shame句前空中填容定感觉 shameful事情F 选项中many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems 应该羞愧事情确定F 选项正确答案
43[正确答案]：B
[考点分析] 复现结构定位
[选项分析] 题段尾空容句确定句句子意思包括关键词environmental changed climate change 文数量迅速增长根段落容致性原面应该继续讲类文数量问题选项
B 中继续说然数量容说衔接十分紧密B 正确答案
44[正确答案]：G
[考点分析] 代词指代关系定位
[选项分析] 题段中空容句决定空面句子说this is an adequate amount充足数字空中定出现数字选项中提数字B G 选项B 选择数字前直接说明the numbers are still small数字然空面说充足数量矛盾排G 选项national spending …varied from around 4 to 25 符合空中求容正确答案
45[正确答案]：C
[考点分析] 复现结构定位+代词指代关系定位
[选项分析] 题段中空容句确定空面代词that 说明That should create more collaborative endeavors 带合作性endeavors C选项中the idea is to force social to integrate 整合 their work with other categoriesIntegrate collaborative 义复现正确答案
Section III Translation
46 Directions Translate the following text from English to Chinese Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2 (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them the need for creative expression There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create express fashion and beautify and that selfexpression is a basic human urge (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless it strikes one that for all their diversity of styles these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence a still point of the turning world to borrow a phrase from T S Eliot (47)A sacred place of peace however crude it may be is a distinctly human need as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking as it is for these unlikely gardens the former becomes all the more urgent Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us When we are deprived of green of plants of trees (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials an institution of colors small pool of water and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference at some basic level seems to be the natural world (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a liberated sense to describe these synthetic constructions In them we can see biophilia a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms
答案
46 然观家创建花园片时会深深震撼花园仅风格异装饰创造性外透露出基诉求
47 然块神圣许粗糙种类需求庇护相反动物需求
48 家花园事实家花园 城市环境引入种形式城市没没显眼花园
49中数屈服精神败坏常种精神败坏推卸心理环境直天发现处花园中感受种压迫感思议消失
50 正种隐含外露然提充分证实花园单词种解放意义说描述综合建设
详解：
2013年翻译文章选品文集：Gardens An Essay on the Human Condition常样英语翻译文章出题惯某书中改编2013年考研英语翻译篇文章改编书59页61页中篇
年翻译题总体感觉句子结构太难词汇成表达难点然考重核心词汇课堂讲刺班讲介词短语然意思介词短语固定短语确定说表达起太难
总体说五翻译句子涉分词作定语定语句状语句插入语翻译第46题考查时间状语句it引导形式语句翻译第4749题关定语句翻译时第47题50题考查插入语翻译考生英翻汉时候建议采拆分组合方法解题首先句谓宾弄清楚然意群划分句子汉语表达惯部分意群串成完整合中文表达方式句子
46句子分析句干：it strikes one中it形式语真正语that引导语句句首when 引导时间状语句Beyondthat指代文diversityFor all句中意思
译文然观家创建花园片时会深深震撼花园仅风格异装饰创造性外透露出基类需求
47句子分析句干：A sacred place of peaceis a distinctly human need谓间插入however引导步状语句as opposed to shelterwhich引导非限制性定语句修饰shelterIn effect事实质意思
译文神圣原始明显种类需求庇护相反动物需求
48句子分析句干：The gardens of the homelessintroduce formwhere引导修饰environment定语句句子中作点状语
译文家花园事实家花园 种形式引入城市环境中城市环境中没花园没显眼花园
49句子分析句干：most of us give into a demoralization of spiritwhich紧spirit引导定语句Until引导时间状语句中as if正意思
译文 中数屈服精神败坏常种精神败坏推卸心理环境直天发现处花园中感受种精神败坏思议消失
50句子分析句it isthat形式强调句型强调部分语this implicit or explicit reference to nature句谓语动词justifiesIn asense某种意义某种意义意思
译文正种隐含外露热提充分证明种解放意义说花园词描述工建筑合理
Section III Writing
Party A
51 Directions
Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting himher to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest
You should include the details you think necessary
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
范文：
Dear professor
I am the chairman of the Students’ Union of Foreign language school in Peking University We are to hold an English speech contest next week I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition
The contest will be held next Sunday Dec 20 2012 in the Room 200 Teaching Building No 3 It will begin at 630 and last for 3 hours Participants will be from different majors in our university Judges to be invited include another three professors who are very familiar to you
We would be greatly honored if you can show your presence and provide us with your valuable comments Please contact us at 1234567 if you can come
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
详解解析：
年作文出预料考邀请信Direction求校英语外教写封邀请信邀请做英语演讲赛裁判求 You should include the details you think necessary 文格式书信语域正式语域 出现缩写省略
称呼： Dear professor 鉴信写校外教教师性应该已知Dear Sir Madam 合适称呼写成professor符合收信学教师身份
正文
第段：写作容需涵盖两点：介绍表明邀请介绍求写明白写封信原表明事相关性根文direction求建议假定次英语演讲赛组办方较合适表明邀请句子定注意礼貌I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition 表达
第二段： 写作容活动安排邀请想知道信息活动时间点必少参加赛员裁判情况邀请说益帮助做决定
第三段：写作容 表达感谢期盼方接受邀请提供方予反馈联系方式注意语气真挚礼貌
落款： Yours sincerely 特提醒sincerely面逗号丢
签名： Li Ming 特注意 Ming 面定出现句点
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) interpret its intended meaning and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
真题范文：
Decisions after Graduation
Recently there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation As is described in the picture a group of graduates is facing various roads such as searching for jobs pursuing further study going abroad and entrepreneurship The picture intends to convey to us this message As adults college students have to make decisions about their future life
After graduation college students have to make decisions about their future life For those who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college taking a job or doing poineering work will be both satisfying and rewarding Getting established as a breadwinner after graduation is their main desire By contrast those who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college however will try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside For them a Master＇s degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor＇s degree In the same way their lifetime success and interest lies more in academic achievements than in making money
As far as I am concerned it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice For the part of my own getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream This is based on my belief that I should do more research and learn more while I am still young
范文解析：
2013年考研英语 ()作文次考察图画作文种题型广考生应该会陌生图形中描述毕业生面选择属意义分析型中生哲理类文章跨考写作课程(写作课件P85100)重点强调求学生次练类型考前跨考出版考研英语命题考前8天作文预测P116准确预测
选择话题历年真题200420072008属意义分析型文章中2004年终点新起点2013年作文题目接
生哲理型文章第段类型文章区描述图片点题例As is revealed in the picture cartoon … … 句型描写图片第二句句子The picture is fairly thoughtprovoking which intends to convey to us this message …点出题
第二段第句揭示图片象征寓意作题句We can easily recognize the significance of … in terms of …第二三句正反两方面述题On the one hand … Take … as an example … On the other hand … Without … …(果)
第三段总结段总说图片中提生哲理观点进行概括选择句型：Considering all the points discussed above it is advisable that we highly value … and apply it in our studies and work … 者：We are therefore supposed to take a rational attitude …
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