2016年考研英语二试题真题
Section I Use of English
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
Happy people work differently They’re more productive more creative and willing to take greater risks And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work too
Companies located in place with happier people invest more according to a recent research paper 2 firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development)That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longerterm thinking 3 for making investment for the future
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risktaking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested So they compared US cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas
7 enough firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 But it is really happiness that’s linked to investment or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D To find out the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size industry and salesandand for indicators that a place was 11 to live in like growth in wages or population They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms which the authors 13 to less confined decision making process and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment’’ The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 Firms seem to invest more in places
17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longerterm view the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward –thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average said one researcher
1 [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
2 [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3 [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
4 [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
5 [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change
6 [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed
7 [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often
8 [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
9 [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize
10 [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods
11 [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable
12 [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke
13 [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare
14 [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced
15 [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never
16 [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally
17 [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since
18 [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
19 [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share
20 [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
It’s true that highschool coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses said Tom Cortina the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science
However Cortina said early exposure is beneficial When younger kids learn computer science they learn that it’s not just a confusing endless string of letters and numbers – but a tool to build apps or create artwork or test hypotheses It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students Breaking down problems into bitesized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap Cortina said
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college where introductory computerscience classes are packed to the brim which can drive the lessexperienced ordetermined students away
The Flatiron School where people pay to learn programming started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change The highschoolers get the same curriculum but we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in said Victoria Friedman an instructor For instance one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood
The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook Programming languages have a quick turnover so the Ruby on Rails language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market But the skills they learn – how to think logically through a problem and organize the results
– apply to any coding language said Deborah Seehorn an education consultant for the state of North Carolina
Indeed the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes These kids are going to be surrounded by computersin their pockets in their offices in their homes –for the rest of their lives The younger they learn how computers think how to coax the machine into producing what they want –the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that –the better
21Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______
A complete future job training
B remodel the way of thinking
C formulate logical hypotheses
D perfect artwork production
22In delivering lessons for high schoolers Flatiron has considered their________
A experience
B interest
C career prospects
D academic backgrounds
23Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________
A help students learn other computer languages
B have to be upgraded when new technologies come
C need improving when students look for jobs
D enable students to make big quick money
24According to the last paragraph Flatiron students are expected to ______
A bring forth innovative computer technologies
B stay longer in the information technology industry
C become better prepared for the digitalized world
D compete with a future army of programmers
25The word coax(Line4Para6) is closest in meaning to ________
A persuade
B frighten
C misguide
D challenge
Text 2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickensa kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States But just some 22000 birds remain today occupying about 16 of the species ＇historic range
The crash was a major reason the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe Some environmentalists however were disappointed They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats But Ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new potentially less confrontational conservations approaches In particular they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95 of the prairie chicken＇s habitat
Under the plan for example the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill harm or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat Negotiated by USFWS and the states the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67000 birds over the next 10 years And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) a coalition of state agencies the job of monitoring progress Overall the idea is to let states remain in the driver ＇s seat for managing the species Ashe said
Not everyone buys the winwin rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan and at least a dozen industry groups four states and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly doesn’t go far enough The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction says biologist Jay Lininger
26The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
27The threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
[A]was a givein to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
28It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harmdoers will not be prosecuted if they_____
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
29According to Ashe the leading role in managing the species in______
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
30Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
[A]industry groups
[B]the winwin rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
Text 3
That everyone＇s too busy these days is a cliché But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully There＇s never any time to read
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual timemanagement techniques don＇t seem sufficient The web＇s full of articles offering tips on making time to read Give up TV or Carry a book with you at all times But in my experience using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn＇t work Sit down to read and the flywheel of workrelated thoughts keeps spinningor else you＇re so exhausted that a challenging book＇s the last thing you need The modern mind Tim Parks a novelist and critic writes is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted it is that one is actually inclined to interruption Deep reading requires not just time but a special kind of time which can＇t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient
In fact becoming more efficient is part of the problem Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal Immersive reading by contrast depends on being willing to risk inefficiency goallessness even timewasting Try to slot it as a todo list item and you＇ll manage only goalfocused readinguseful sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time and we feel a pressure to fill these differentsized bottles (days hours minutes) as they pass for if they get by without being filled we will have wasted them No mindset could be worse for losing yourself in a book
So what does work Perhaps surprisingly scheduling regular times for reading You＇d think this might fuel the efficiency mindset but in fact Eberle notes such ritualistic behaviour helps us step outside time＇s flow into soul time You could limit distractions by reading only physical books or on singlepurpose ereaders Carry a book with you at all times can actually work tooproviding you dip in often enough so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business before dropping back down On a really good day it no longer feels as if you＇re
making time to read but just reading and making time for everything else
31 The usual timemanagement techniques don’t work because
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
32 The empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to
[A] update their todo lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
33 Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps
[A] encourage the efficiency mindset
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
34 Carry a book with you at all timescan work if
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
35 The best title for this text could be
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
Text 4
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure younger Americans are drawing a new 21stcentury road map to success a latest poll has found
Across generational lines Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life including getting married having children owning a home and retiring in their sixties But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home the survey found
From career to community and family these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics
Young and old converge on one key point Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today big majorities in both groups believe those just getting started in life face a tougher a goodpaying job starting a family managing debt and finding affordable housing
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today Schneider a 27yaearold auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily he said I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen Looking back he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was youngI still grew up in an upper middleclass home with parents who didn’t have college degreesSchneider saidI don’t think people are capable of that anymore
36 One crossgeneration mark of a successful life is
[A] trying out different lifestyles
[B] having a family with children
[C] working beyond retirement age
[D] setting up a profitable business
37 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to
[A] favor a slower life pace
[B] hold an occupation longer
[C] attach importance to premarital finance
[D] give priority to childcare outside the home
38 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will
[A] become increasingly clear
[B] focus on materialistic issues
[C] depend largely on political preferences
[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
39 Both young and old agree that
[A] goodpaying jobs are less available
[B] the old made more life achievements
[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain
[D] getting established is harder for the young
40 Which of the following is true about Schneider
[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college
[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success
[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree
[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list AG for each numbered paragraphs (4145) There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
A Be silly
B Have fun
C Ask for help
D Express your emotions
E Don’t overthink it
F Be easily pleased
G Notice things
Act Your Shoe Size Not Your Age
(1) As adults it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness often with mixed results Yet children appear to have it down to an artand for the most part they don’t need selfhelp books or therapy Instead they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them
41___________
(2) What does a child do when he’s sad He cries When he’s angry He shouts Scared Probably a bit of both As we grow up we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours which is in many ways a good thing But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions especially negative ones That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill What we feel appropriately and thenagain like childrenmove on
42__________
A couple of Christmases ago my youngest stepdaughter who was 9 years old at the time got a Superman Tshirt for Christmas It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed and couldn’t bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels Instead being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing
43__________
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection All of which would of course have a positive effect on our happiness levels
44__________
The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal withwork mortgage payments figuring out what to cook for dinner But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love Those things might be social sporting creative or completely random (dancing around the living room anyone)it doesn’t matter so long as they’re enjoyable and not likely to have negative side effects such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget
45__________
Having said all of the above it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness And in that once more we need to look to the example of our children to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live
Section III Translation
Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors The reason for this is simple The longer you stay in the store the more stuff you’ll see and the more stuff you see the more you’ll buy And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff The average supermarket according to the Food Marketing Institute carries some 44000 different items and many carry tens of thousands more The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload According to brainscan experiments the demands of so much decisionmaking quickly become too much for us After about 40 minutes of shopping most people stop struggling to be rationally selective and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation Write him a reply to
1) thank him and
2) give you advice
You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B
48 Directions
Write an essay based on the chart below In your writing you should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
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Section I Use of English
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
Happy people work differently They’re more productive more creative and willing to take greater risks And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work too
Companies located in place with happier people invest more according to a recent research paper 2 firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development)That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longerterm thinking 3 for making investment for the future
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risktaking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested So they compared US cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas
7 enough firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 But it is really happiness that’s linked to investment or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D To find out the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size industry and salesandand for indicators that a place was 11 to live in like growth in wages or population They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms which the authors 13 to less confined decision making process and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment’’ The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 Firms seem to invest more in places
17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longerterm view the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward –thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average said one researcher
1 [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
2 [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3 [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
4 [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
5 [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change
6 [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed
7 [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often
8 [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
9 [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize
10 [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods
11 [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable
12 [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke
13 [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare
14 [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced
15 [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never
16 [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally
17 [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since
18 [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
19 [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share
20 [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
It’s true that highschool coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses said Tom Cortina the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science
However Cortina said early exposure is beneficial When younger kids learn computer science they learn that it’s not just a confusing endless string of letters and numbers – but a tool to build apps or create artwork or test hypotheses It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students Breaking down problems into bitesized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap Cortina said
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college where introductory computerscience classes are packed to the brim which can drive the lessexperienced ordetermined students away
The Flatiron School where people pay to learn programming started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change The highschoolers get the same curriculum but we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in said Victoria Friedman an instructor For instance one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood
The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook Programming languages have a quick turnover so the Ruby on Rails language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market But the skills they learn – how to think logically through a problem and organize the results
– apply to any coding language said Deborah Seehorn an education consultant for the state of North Carolina
Indeed the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes These kids are going to be surrounded by computersin their pockets in their offices in their homes –for the rest of their lives The younger they learn how computers think how to coax the machine into producing what they want –the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that –the better
21Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______
A complete future job training
B remodel the way of thinking
C formulate logical hypotheses
D perfect artwork production
22In delivering lessons for high schoolers Flatiron has considered their________
A experience
B interest
C career prospects
D academic backgrounds
23Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________
A help students learn other computer languages
B have to be upgraded when new technologies come
C need improving when students look for jobs
D enable students to make big quick money
24According to the last paragraph Flatiron students are expected to ______
A bring forth innovative computer technologies
B stay longer in the information technology industry
C become better prepared for the digitalized world
D compete with a future army of programmers
25The word coax(Line4Para6) is closest in meaning to ________
A persuade
B frighten
C misguide
D challenge
Text 2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickensa kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States But just some 22000 birds remain today occupying about 16 of the species ＇historic range
The crash was a major reason the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe Some environmentalists however were disappointed They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats But Ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new potentially less confrontational conservations approaches In particular they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95 of the prairie chicken＇s habitat
Under the plan for example the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill harm or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat Negotiated by USFWS and the states the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67000 birds over the next 10 years And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) a coalition of state agencies the job of monitoring progress Overall the idea is to let states remain in the driver ＇s seat for managing the species Ashe said
Not everyone buys the winwin rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan and at least a dozen industry groups four states and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly doesn’t go far enough The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction says biologist Jay Lininger
26The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
27The threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
[A]was a givein to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
28It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harmdoers will not be prosecuted if they_____
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
29According to Ashe the leading role in managing the species in______
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
30Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
[A]industry groups
[B]the winwin rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
Text 3
That everyone＇s too busy these days is a cliché But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully There＇s never any time to read
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual timemanagement techniques don＇t seem sufficient The web＇s full of articles offering tips on making time to read Give up TV or Carry a book with you at all times But in my experience using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn＇t work Sit down to read and the flywheel of workrelated thoughts keeps spinningor else you＇re so exhausted that a challenging book＇s the last thing you need The modern mind Tim Parks a novelist and critic writes is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted it is that one is actually inclined to interruption Deep reading requires not just time but a special kind of time which can＇t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient
In fact becoming more efficient is part of the problem Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal Immersive reading by contrast depends on being willing to risk inefficiency goallessness even timewasting Try to slot it as a todo list item and you＇ll manage only goalfocused readinguseful sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time and we feel a pressure to fill these differentsized bottles (days hours minutes) as they pass for if they get by without being filled we will have wasted them No mindset could be worse for losing yourself in a book
So what does work Perhaps surprisingly scheduling regular times for reading You＇d think this might fuel the efficiency mindset but in fact Eberle notes such ritualistic behaviour helps us step outside time＇s flow into soul time You could limit distractions by reading only physical books or on singlepurpose ereaders Carry a book with you at all times can actually work tooproviding you dip in often enough so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business before dropping back down On a really good day it no longer feels as if you＇re
making time to read but just reading and making time for everything else
31 The usual timemanagement techniques don’t work because
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
32 The empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to
[A] update their todo lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
33 Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps
[A] encourage the efficiency mindset
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
34 Carry a book with you at all timescan work if
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
35 The best title for this text could be
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
Text 4
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure younger Americans are drawing a new 21stcentury road map to success a latest poll has found
Across generational lines Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life including getting married having children owning a home and retiring in their sixties But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home the survey found
From career to community and family these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics
Young and old converge on one key point Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today big majorities in both groups believe those just getting started in life face a tougher a goodpaying job starting a family managing debt and finding affordable housing
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today Schneider a 27yaearold auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily he said I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen Looking back he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was youngI still grew up in an upper middleclass home with parents who didn’t have college degreesSchneider saidI don’t think people are capable of that anymore
36 One crossgeneration mark of a successful life is
[A] trying out different lifestyles
[B] having a family with children
[C] working beyond retirement age
[D] setting up a profitable business
37 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to
[A] favor a slower life pace
[B] hold an occupation longer
[C] attach importance to premarital finance
[D] give priority to childcare outside the home
38 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will
[A] become increasingly clear
[B] focus on materialistic issues
[C] depend largely on political preferences
[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
39 Both young and old agree that
[A] goodpaying jobs are less available
[B] the old made more life achievements
[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain
[D] getting established is harder for the young
40 Which of the following is true about Schneider
[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college
[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success
[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree
[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list AG for each numbered paragraphs (4145) There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
A Be silly
B Have fun
C Ask for help
D Express your emotions
E Don’t overthink it
F Be easily pleased
G Notice things
Act Your Shoe Size Not Your Age
(1) As adults it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness often with mixed results Yet children appear to have it down to an artand for the most part they don’t need selfhelp books or therapy Instead they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them
41___________
(2) What does a child do when he’s sad He cries When he’s angry He shouts Scared Probably a bit of both As we grow up we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours which is in many ways a good thing But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions especially negative ones That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill What we feel appropriately and thenagain like childrenmove on
42__________
A couple of Christmases ago my youngest stepdaughter who was 9 years old at the time got a Superman Tshirt for Christmas It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed and couldn’t bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels Instead being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing
43__________
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection All of which would of course have a positive effect on our happiness levels
44__________
The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal withwork mortgage payments figuring out what to cook for dinner But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love Those things might be social sporting creative or completely random (dancing around the living room anyone)it doesn’t matter so long as they’re enjoyable and not likely to have negative side effects such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget
45__________
Having said all of the above it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness And in that once more we need to look to the example of our children to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live
Section III Translation
Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors The reason for this is simple The longer you stay in the store the more stuff you’ll see and the more stuff you see the more you’ll buy And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff The average supermarket according to the Food Marketing Institute carries some 44000 different items and many carry tens of thousands more The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload According to brainscan experiments the demands of so much decisionmaking quickly become too much for us After about 40 minutes of shopping most people stop struggling to be rationally selective and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation Write him a reply to
1) thank him and
2) give you advice
You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B
48 Directions
Write an essay based on the chart below In your writing you should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
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