学术英语社科Unit9五单元原文翻译
Unit 9 Cultural globalization
1 Much of the early development of different languages customs and other diverse aspects of world cultures resulted from the isolation of groups of people from one another It is not surprising then that a degree of cultural amalgamation has occurred as improved transportation and communication have brought people of various societies into everfrequent contact Analyzing the blurring of culture differences inevitably includes a great deal about fast food basketball rock music and other such aspects of pop culture but such analysis dose not trivialize the subjectInsteada longstanding bottomup line of political theory argues that the world’s people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation By the same process if transnational civil societies develop then regional and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state Scholars who examine the bottomup progress of transnational integration look for evidence in such factors as the flow of communications and commerce between countries and the spread across borders of what people wear eat and do for recreation
语言惯世界文化方面早期发展源类群体间隔离然断改善交通通讯社会更频繁联系定程度文化融合出现令惊讶分析文化差异模糊性避免包括量关快餐篮球摇滚音乐流行文化相关方面容种分析没题变简单相反种长期存政治理观点认世界民普遍交流逐渐增加文化性基础存文化性彼产生熟悉感信感建立发展成全球国家全球公民社会程中果跨国公民社会形成区域甚全球治理方案形成弥补者取代领土国家研究跨国体化进程学者正国家间通信贸易流通中吃穿娱乐方式跨境影响中寻找证
2 While it is premature to talk of a world cultureand indeed that may never comethere is significant evidence of cultural amalgamation in the worldThe leaders of China once wore Chinese tunic suits ’now they wear Westernstyle business suitsWhen dressing informally people in shanghaiLagos and Mexico City are more apt to wear jeansTshirtsand sneakers than their country’s traditional dressYoung people everywhere listen to the same musicwithfor exampleDisturbiaby Rihanna on the Top10 charts in many countries in additional to the United States in 2008And whatever it means to our gastronomic futures Big
Macsfriesand milk shakes are consumed around the world
然现谈世界文化时尚早事实永远会出现确实存世界文化融合重证中国领导度穿中山装现穿西装穿着意时海拉斯墨西哥城相国家传统服饰更适应穿牛仔裤T恤帆布胶底运动鞋年轻听着相音乐例蕾哈娜Disturbia2008年出现许国家包括美国十排行榜时美食烹饪前景巨霸薯条奶昔世界消费
3 Before looking further at the evidence of cultural amalgamationone caution is in orderYou will see that a great deal of what is becoming world culture is Western especially American in its originsThat does not imply that Western culture is superiorits impact is a function of the economic and political of Western Europe and the United StateNor does the preponderance of Western Europe in the integration process mean that the flow is one wayAmerican culture for example is influenced by many foreign importsranging from fajitas and sushithrough soccerto acupuncture
更深探究文化融合证前先关注警示会发现起源说量成世界文化西方文化尤美国文化说西方文化更种影响西欧美国济政治作结果西欧文化融合程中优势意味着文化流动单美国文化受许外国进口产品影响墨西哥铁板烧日寿司足球针灸
Language
4 One of the most important aspects of converging culture is Englishwhich is becoming the common language of businessdiplomacycommunicationand even culturePresident Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan and many other leaders of countries of international organizations converse in EnglishIndeed a number of themincluding UN SecretaryGeneral Ban kimoon of South Korea learned or improved their English while enrolled at US Universities A bit more slowly English is spreading among common citizens around the world This is evident in differences among various age groupsAmong Europeans for instance89of all schoolchildren now have English instruction
语言
文化融合重方面英语已成商务外交交流甚文化通语言阿富汗总统哈米德卡尔扎伊国际机构国家领导英文交流实际中韩国联合国秘书长潘基文美国学录取时候学断提升英语说通俗点英语正全世界普通中传播明显年龄段存着差异例欧洲中89学
龄童现英文课
5Modern communications are one factor driving the spread of English There have been notable advances such as the ability to search in nearly 100 languages through Google in making the web more accessible to nonEnglish speakersbut the vast majority of what is available on the Internet has been and remains in English As the webmaster at one site in Russia comments It is far easier for a Russian … to download the works of Dostoyevsky translated in English to read than it is for him to get [it]in his own languages Business needs also promote the global growth of Enlish The US status as the world’s economic powerhouse makes it far more common for foreign businesspeople to learn the language of Americans than it is for Americans to learn other language A report issued by the Japanese government declared that achieving worldclass excellence demands that all Japanese acquire a working knowledge of English The use of English will probably continue to expand throughout the world because a majority of people in every region in the world believe their children are more likely to prosper if they learn English
现代化通讯方式推动英语传播重素网络更容易非英语群方面已取显著进步100种语言谷歌进行搜索力网络绝数获取信息直英文正俄罗斯网点理员评样俄罗斯说载英文版陀思妥耶夫斯基作品读载俄文版容易商业需求推进英语全球化趋势美国世界济强国位外国商学英语美国学语言更普遍日政府发布报告宣称成世界流国家求日掌握实英语英语范围会世界范围断扩世界区数认果学英语孩子更成功
Consumer products
6The interchange of popular consumer goods is another major factor in narrowing cultural gaps American movies are popular throughout much of the world In 2007 for example the top drawing film globally was Pirates of the Caribbean At World’s End Moreover foreign distribution is vital to the US film industry which earns 61 of its revenue overseas In contrast foreign films account for just 3 of the US market American television programming is also widespread but unlike movies it is a declining part of most foreign television markets However jeans logobearing Tshirts and other Americanstyle dress trends are nearly ubiquitous globally and burgers fried chicken and other types of fast food further spread common culture
消费产品
流行性消费品交换缩文化隔阂素美国电影世界数方受欢迎例2007年全球具吸引力电影加勒海盗：世界头外国外份额美国电影业说关重占美国海外收入61相反外国电影占美国市场3美国电视节目广传播电影数外国电视市场中份额断降然牛仔裤名牌T恤美式服装潮流世界处汉堡包炸鸡类型快餐传播着众文化
7To reemphasize the main point there is a distinct and important intermingling and amalgamation of culture under way For good or ill western particularly American culture is at the forefront of this trend The observation of the DirectorGeneral of UNESCO that America’s main role in the new world order is not as a military superpower but a multicultural superpower is an overstatement but it captures some of what is occurring What is most important is not the specific source of common culture Rather it is the important potential consequences of cultural amalgamation As noted some analysts welcome it as positive force that will bring people and eventually political unites together Others see transnational culture as a danger to desirable diversity
度强调观点现样种直接重文化融合趋势坏西方文化特美国文化处趋势前联合国教科文组织总干事观察报告显示—美国新世界规中角色军事超级国文化超级国——然点夸词确实反映前发展趋势重众文化特殊源文化融合带重潜结果正前提分析师欢迎种趋势视种会终政治联盟团结起积极力量跨国文化视期样性威胁
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Unit 9 Cultural globalization
1 Much of the early development of different languages customs and other diverse aspects of world cultures resulted from the isolation of groups of people from one another It is not surprising then that a degree of cultural amalgamation has occurred as improved transportation and communication have brought people of various societies into everfrequent contact Analyzing the blurring of culture differences inevitably includes a great deal about fast food basketball rock music and other such aspects of pop culture but such analysis dose not trivialize the subjectInsteada longstanding bottomup line of political theory argues that the world’s people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation By the same process if transnational civil societies develop then regional and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state Scholars who examine the bottomup progress of transnational integration look for evidence in such factors as the flow of communications and commerce between countries and the spread across borders of what people wear eat and do for recreation
语言惯世界文化方面早期发展源类群体间隔离然断改善交通通讯社会更频繁联系定程度文化融合出现令惊讶分析文化差异模糊性避免包括量关快餐篮球摇滚音乐流行文化相关方面容种分析没题变简单相反种长期存政治理观点认世界民普遍交流逐渐增加文化性基础存文化性彼产生熟悉感信感建立发展成全球国家全球公民社会程中果跨国公民社会形成区域甚全球治理方案形成弥补者取代领土国家研究跨国体化进程学者正国家间通信贸易流通中吃穿娱乐方式跨境影响中寻找证
2 While it is premature to talk of a world cultureand indeed that may never comethere is significant evidence of cultural amalgamation in the worldThe leaders of China once wore Chinese tunic suits ’now they wear Westernstyle business suitsWhen dressing informally people in shanghaiLagos and Mexico City are more apt to wear jeansTshirtsand sneakers than their country’s traditional dressYoung people everywhere listen to the same musicwithfor exampleDisturbiaby Rihanna on the Top10 charts in many countries in additional to the United States in 2008And whatever it means to our gastronomic futures Big
Macsfriesand milk shakes are consumed around the world
然现谈世界文化时尚早事实永远会出现确实存世界文化融合重证中国领导度穿中山装现穿西装穿着意时海拉斯墨西哥城相国家传统服饰更适应穿牛仔裤T恤帆布胶底运动鞋年轻听着相音乐例蕾哈娜Disturbia2008年出现许国家包括美国十排行榜时美食烹饪前景巨霸薯条奶昔世界消费
3 Before looking further at the evidence of cultural amalgamationone caution is in orderYou will see that a great deal of what is becoming world culture is Western especially American in its originsThat does not imply that Western culture is superiorits impact is a function of the economic and political of Western Europe and the United StateNor does the preponderance of Western Europe in the integration process mean that the flow is one wayAmerican culture for example is influenced by many foreign importsranging from fajitas and sushithrough soccerto acupuncture
更深探究文化融合证前先关注警示会发现起源说量成世界文化西方文化尤美国文化说西方文化更种影响西欧美国济政治作结果西欧文化融合程中优势意味着文化流动单美国文化受许外国进口产品影响墨西哥铁板烧日寿司足球针灸
Language
4 One of the most important aspects of converging culture is Englishwhich is becoming the common language of businessdiplomacycommunicationand even culturePresident Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan and many other leaders of countries of international organizations converse in EnglishIndeed a number of themincluding UN SecretaryGeneral Ban kimoon of South Korea learned or improved their English while enrolled at US Universities A bit more slowly English is spreading among common citizens around the world This is evident in differences among various age groupsAmong Europeans for instance89of all schoolchildren now have English instruction
语言
文化融合重方面英语已成商务外交交流甚文化通语言阿富汗总统哈米德卡尔扎伊国际机构国家领导英文交流实际中韩国联合国秘书长潘基文美国学录取时候学断提升英语说通俗点英语正全世界普通中传播明显年龄段存着差异例欧洲中89学
龄童现英文课
5Modern communications are one factor driving the spread of English There have been notable advances such as the ability to search in nearly 100 languages through Google in making the web more accessible to nonEnglish speakersbut the vast majority of what is available on the Internet has been and remains in English As the webmaster at one site in Russia comments It is far easier for a Russian … to download the works of Dostoyevsky translated in English to read than it is for him to get [it]in his own languages Business needs also promote the global growth of Enlish The US status as the world’s economic powerhouse makes it far more common for foreign businesspeople to learn the language of Americans than it is for Americans to learn other language A report issued by the Japanese government declared that achieving worldclass excellence demands that all Japanese acquire a working knowledge of English The use of English will probably continue to expand throughout the world because a majority of people in every region in the world believe their children are more likely to prosper if they learn English
现代化通讯方式推动英语传播重素网络更容易非英语群方面已取显著进步100种语言谷歌进行搜索力网络绝数获取信息直英文正俄罗斯网点理员评样俄罗斯说载英文版陀思妥耶夫斯基作品读载俄文版容易商业需求推进英语全球化趋势美国世界济强国位外国商学英语美国学语言更普遍日政府发布报告宣称成世界流国家求日掌握实英语英语范围会世界范围断扩世界区数认果学英语孩子更成功
Consumer products
6The interchange of popular consumer goods is another major factor in narrowing cultural gaps American movies are popular throughout much of the world In 2007 for example the top drawing film globally was Pirates of the Caribbean At World’s End Moreover foreign distribution is vital to the US film industry which earns 61 of its revenue overseas In contrast foreign films account for just 3 of the US market American television programming is also widespread but unlike movies it is a declining part of most foreign television markets However jeans logobearing Tshirts and other Americanstyle dress trends are nearly ubiquitous globally and burgers fried chicken and other types of fast food further spread common culture
消费产品
流行性消费品交换缩文化隔阂素美国电影世界数方受欢迎例2007年全球具吸引力电影加勒海盗：世界头外国外份额美国电影业说关重占美国海外收入61相反外国电影占美国市场3美国电视节目广传播电影数外国电视市场中份额断降然牛仔裤名牌T恤美式服装潮流世界处汉堡包炸鸡类型快餐传播着众文化
7To reemphasize the main point there is a distinct and important intermingling and amalgamation of culture under way For good or ill western particularly American culture is at the forefront of this trend The observation of the DirectorGeneral of UNESCO that America’s main role in the new world order is not as a military superpower but a multicultural superpower is an overstatement but it captures some of what is occurring What is most important is not the specific source of common culture Rather it is the important potential consequences of cultural amalgamation As noted some analysts welcome it as positive force that will bring people and eventually political unites together Others see transnational culture as a danger to desirable diversity
度强调观点现样种直接重文化融合趋势坏西方文化特美国文化处趋势前联合国教科文组织总干事观察报告显示—美国新世界规中角色军事超级国文化超级国——然点夸词确实反映前发展趋势重众文化特殊源文化融合带重潜结果正前提分析师欢迎种趋势视种会终政治联盟团结起积极力量跨国文化视期样性威胁
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