句子结构类型
英语句子结构分3种类型：简单句列句复合句
1 简单句
11 简单句定义
语(列语)谓语(列谓语)构成句子做简单句
Mark studies hard马克努力学(1语1谓语)
Li Ming andZhang Hua work in the samecompany
李明张华家公司工作(2列语1谓语)
Both Tom and Jim go to school at seven in the morninghave their lunch there and come back at five in the afternoon
汤姆吉姆早7点钟学学校里吃午饭午5点钟返家(2列语3列谓语)
12 简单句6种句型结构
简单句6种基句型复杂简单句6种基结构扩展
1)语+动词(物动词)
Her father works in Nanjing父亲南京工作
She is walking along the lake正着湖边走Spring has come春天已
2)语+连系动词+表语
He is a teacher位教师
The trees in the yard are green院子里树绿
She became angry at his words听话生气
The man seems kind似善良
The milk has turned sour牛奶变酸
3)语+物动词+宾语
He found a bird in the tree发现树鸟
My sister enjoys the song妹妹喜欢首歌He forgot to post the letter忘记寄信Mary denied taking the pen 玛丽承认支钢笔
4)语+物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He bought his sister a piano 妹妹买架钢琴
She wrote him a long letter写封长长信
The worker told us a lot about his life in the past位工讲许关生活事情
Would you tell me where to get the ticket告诉里买票？
5)语+物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
I found him busy发现忙
The news made her happy消息高兴They consider Jim a good student 认吉姆学生
首ortcn bour er sina he song时常听见唱
They clected him chairman of the committee选举委员会席
She always keeps the room clean and tidy总房间保持整洁
He had his hair cut once a month月理次发
I＇ve never seen him discouraged没见失
She kept us waiting for over three hours等3时
6 there be结构
61 there be 句型基法
there be+某某物+某某时常句型表示某某时某某物句型中there be意某某物句子语某某时状语注意面两点：
(1)汉语中译英语时果表示某某物拥动词havehas
He has two red pencils两支红铅笔
果表示某某时存某某物there be句型
There are two red pencils on the desk书桌2支红铅笔
(2) there be句型中be语数谓语时态保持致变化形式：般现时→is are般时→waswere般时→will be时→would be现完成时→havehas beenthere be句型变化表：
肯定句 There is…there are··
否定句 There is notisn＇t… There are
notaren＇t···
疑问句 Is there·Are there··
There is going to be a concert at the weekend周末场音乐会(时)
There has been nothing in the newspaper about the accident报没关场事报道(完成时)
There have been no letters from my parents since Ileft home two months ago离开家2月没收父母信(完成时)
There will be a football match in the evening晚场足球赛(时)
1)肯定句(表示存)
there+be+语+点状语时间
结构： 状语
There is a bird in the tree 树鸟
There are four seasons in a year年4季There are ten middle schools in the city城市里10中学
提示
there be结构表示(某某时)存havehas 表示(某某物)拥见文较：
There are several apple trees in the garden 园子里棵苹果树(强调某存某物)
They have several apple trees in the garden 园子里棵苹果树(强调某拥某物)There is a telephone in every room房间里
部电话
Every room has a telephone房间部电话
2)否定句(表示没存)
there + be + not (any much)
+语+点状语时间状语
结构：
there + be+ no+语+点
状语时间状语
There＇s not any water left in the bottle瓶子里没水
There＇s not much ink in the pen钢笔里没少墨水
There aren＇t any pens in the box 盒子里没钢笔
There are no pens in the box (说 no any pens)
There won＇t be rain tomorrow明天会雨There is nothing for her to do now现没什做(句中for her to do 定式短语作定语修饰语nothingnow 时间状语)
3)疑问句
(1)般疑问句
结构： Be + there + (any)
状语时间状语 +语+点
Is there any water in the glass杯子里水？Are there any shoes on the floor鞋子板？
Will there be a meeting in the afternoon午开会？
Is there anything for me to do什做？(省略时间状语点状语 nowhere等)
(2)特殊疑问句句型
结构： 特殊疑问词+be +there+点状
语时间状语
What is there in the box盒子里装什？When will there be a chance for us to meet什时候会机会见面？
(3)特殊疑问句句型二
结构： How manyHow much+名词+be
+ there +点状语时间状语
How many students are there in your class班里少学生？
How much money is there in the box盒子里少钱？
62 there be 结构中be 外动词
there be结构中be种形式外
动词
1)句型
结构： there + maycanmustused to
ought to +be+语+成分
There may be something wrong with the watch块手表出毛病
There used to be a tree in front of the room前房间前面棵树
There must be something important in his words话中定重信息
麻烦There ought o be no more rouble应该
How can there be such a thing会样事？
2)句型二
结构： there liveexistliestandhang
remain+语+成分
种结构表示存状态
There once lived an old man in the house前房子里住着位老
There stands a tall building over there边耸立着幢高楼
There exists much life in the ocean海洋里许生物
There remains nothing to eat没剩什吃
3)句型三
there seem to behappen to be
结构： appear to beflyariserisecome
appearfollowspringoccur+
语+成分
种结构表示出现动作
There appears to be no cloud in the sky天空中似没云
There seems to be no point in arguing with him争辩似没意义
There happened to be a heavy rain that day天碰巧场雨
There came a knock at the door传敲门声There rise lots of stars in the sky 天空中出现许星星
There occurred some difficulties in our work 工作中出现困难
There sprang a lot of plants on the roadside路边长出许植物
There followed a talk of ten minutes10分钟交谈
63 there be结构中谓致问题
there be 结构中动词面语必须数方面保持致果列语(两两物)第语单数数名词谓语动
词复数形式单数形式
There areis a pen and a dictionary on the desk桌支钢笔词典
There isare a girlthree boys and some soldiers in the picture图片里女孩三男孩士兵
提示
there+be+语+点状语时间状语句型中语定泛指特指the this thatthesethose等修饰语修饰语应定冠词(aan)基数词(onetwo)nosomemanyalotof等词较：盒子里没许刀
There are somenomany knives in the box(正)
There are those (the) knives in the box (误)
13 简单句结构问题
1) paint the door blue 结构
英语中动词常形容词作宾语补足语类动词：
drive him crazymadwild发疯发狂
get it openshutcleandirtydrywet 开关干净脏干湿
find it easydifficult发现容易难
hold it stillopen动开着
keep it cleandirtyopenshut 干净脏开着关
like it coldhot 喜欢凉热
make it easyplainsafe容易清楚安全open it wide开
paint it redbluewhitebrown 漆成红色蓝色白色棕色
prefer it hotfried喜欢热油煎
pull it tightshut拉紧关
push it open推开
want it raw 想生
wipe it cleandry擦干净干
2) buy Tom a bike →buy it for Tom
语+物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语结构中果直接宾语称代词般放物动词间接宾语变介词短语移称代词面较：
They gave Tom a knife汤姆刀They gave it to Tom
He bought Mary some flowers 玛丽买
花
He bought them for Mary
3) send him a letter →send a letter to him
表示予传送等意义词常to引出间接宾语语+物动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语结构中类动词：give()hand(交 )leave(留 )offer(提供)pass(传送)post(邮寄)read(······读)sell(卖)send(送)show(······)take(带)teach(教)tell(告诉)throw(扔)write(写)等较：
老师练交
The teacher handed them the exercisebooks(正)
The teacher handed the exercisebooks to them(正)(to the students)
The teacher handed the exercisebooks for them(误)
4) find her a job → find a job for her
表示买做等意义动词常for引出间接宾语语+谓语+直接宾语+for+间接宾语结构中类动词：buy(买)call()build (建 造)choose (选 择)do(做)fetch(取)find(找)get(弄)keep(保留)leave (留)make (制造)order (定购)save(省) sing(唱)prepare(准备)等较：He saved his father a lot of money(正)父亲省许钱
He saved a lot of money for his father (正)He saved a lot of money to his father (误)
2 列句
21 列句定义
列句列连词两两简单句连起构成句子常列连词and but or for nor so yet either…or neither…norstill however not only·but also 等列句结构：简单句+列连词+简单句
This is mine and that is hers
These shoes are not cheap but they are very good鞋子算便宜质量
22 列连词法
1) and not only…but alsobut as well andthen表示连续加
You can wait here () and I shall call her里等
Not only the students like the book but also the teachers enjoy reading it仅学生喜欢书教师喜欢读
She not only knows his name but (she) knows everything about his past as well仅知道名字知道切(2简单句语相时第二简单句语常省略)
Helen washed the clothes and then (she) listened to music海伦洗衣服然听音乐
2) but yet stillhowevernevertheless 表示转折
He wrote the letter () but (he) forgot to postit写信忘记寄
He sold the house yetbut he can＇t help regretting it房子卖免感惋惜
The news may be unexpectednevertheless it is true 消息出意料然真实(句分号)
She wants to go to the party however she has no ticket想参加晚会没票(however 连接副词前分号)
She was tiredstill she kept on working累然继续工作(still 连接副词前分号)
提示
①and 表示列关系外表示承结果条件反复等
I met her on the street and stopped to talk to her街碰便停说说话(承)
The car broke down halfway and they had to spend the night in the open车半路抛锚露天夜(结果)
I missed supper and I＇m starving没吃晚饭现饿极(结果)
Use your head and you＇ll work out the problem动动脑筋会解决问题(条件)
She knocked and knocked but there was noresponse敲敲没回应(反复动作)
②表示然时but语气较谦恭缓yet语气较强较生硬较：You may go out to play but you should come back before noon 出玩应中午前回(谦)
It＇s easy for you to repair the watchyet you＇ve kept it for a whole month Why修块表说容易里已整整放月回事？(生硬)
③yetand连but例：
The book is not thick and yet it＇s hard to read书厚难读(说and but)
3) or either…or neither…nor not…butor else otherwise 表示选择
or常表示者表示然话
Would you like to go on a picnic or would you like to stay at home想野餐想家里？
Either she is to blame or you are 该受责备该受责备
Neither can he answer the question nor do you know the answer回答问题知道问题答案
Go home otherwise your mother will worry回家吧然妈妈会担心
Fish must stay in wateror they will die鱼必须水中然会死
提示
①or 表示两者间选择表示象间选择注意面结构：A or B or C either A or B or C neither A nor B nor CWould you like tea or coffee喜欢喝茶喝咖啡？
Which is the hardest steel rock or rubber硬钢石头橡胶？
Neither you nor I nor anyone else can swim across the lake in half an hour 半时游湖
2否定句中连接两等语谓语定语状语时or表示两者否定肯定句中连接两等成分 and表示两者肯定and 否定句中连接两等成分时般肯定and前成分否定and成分
He doesn＇t smoke or drink吸烟喝酒
He lived alone there without money or food孤独住里没钱没食物
She can＇t sit or stand坐站
You can＇t drink and drive 喝酒开车(酒驾车)
She didn＇t speak clearly or correctly说清楚正确
She didn＇t speak clearly and correctly说清楚正确(讲清楚正确)
4) so 表示结果
He couldn＇t find his pen so he wrote in pencil找钢笔铅笔写
It was late so he went to bed 天已晚睡
5) for 表示原
He didn＇t buy the carfor he was short of money缺钱没买汽车
The days are getting warmer and warmer for spring has come 天越越暖春天
6)andor表示条件
andor连接两分句前分句表示条件常祈句and前面分句相if引导肯定性句or前面分句相if引导否定性句较：
Work hard and you will succeed努力工作会成功(Ifyou work hardyou will succeed)
Hurry up or you will be late快点然迟(If you don＇t hurry up you will be late)
7)分句间标点符号问题
andbutor连接两分句时分句间逗号soforyet连接两分句时分句间常逗号not only·but also neither…noreither··or连接两分句时分句间般逗号stillhowever连接分句时分句间常分号参见面句
8) so is can does did heneither is can does did he
soneither 列句中第二分句前代表第句中某成分表示前面分句中讲情况适面分句时面分句倒装结构
He has passed the exam so has she考试通通(so 表示肯定)
She doesn＇t like the picture neither do they喜欢幅画喜欢(neither 表示否定)
9) not only··but alsoas well as区
not only·but also连接行词词组意义法as well as相似强调重点not only··but also 强调者as well as 强调前者两连接词进行转换时注意强调象转移较：
not only A but
also B 重点
B as well as A 重点前
写信寄钱
He not only wrote to her but also sent her some money
He sent her some money as well as wrote to her
知识验
She has not only knowledge but also experience She has experience as well as knowledge
提示
①as well as强调前者 as well as 连接两词作语时谓语动词数 as well as前面语致
She as well as you is right
2He works as well as a skilled worker句中as well as连词表示·……种法中well副词意as…as 表示等较连词意……样句译工作位熟练工样
3 复合句
复合句(指复合句)句句构成句子复合句中句句具完整语谓语句复合句体独立存句需连词引导修饰说明句独立存根句中作句分3类：(1)名词性句(包括语句表语句宾语句位语句)(2)定语句(3)状语句详见面章
4 疑难法
1) all·not结构→部分否定
考翻译该句转换成全部否定：Not all men can do it
[答案]做件事(全部否定：Nobody can do it)
all···+否定谓语表示部分否定意非……未必……相not all+肯定谓语相应全部否定结构none of…+肯定谓语较：
All the days are not fine非日子晴天(部分否定Not all the days are fine)
None of the days are fine日子晴天(全部否定)
All the answers are not right非答案(部分否定Not all the answers are right)
None of the answers are right答案(全部否定)
All ants do not go out for food非蚂蚁出觅食
提示
①Not everyone can do the same句全部否定应：
Nobody can do the same没做样事(not everybody not everyone no one 全部否定nobody)
②every···+否定谓语表示部分否定相not every···+肯定谓语较：
Every one of them is not honest非诚实(部分否定)
Not every one of them is honest(部分否定)
None of them are honest诚实(全部否定)
Every student can＇t answer the question学生回答问题(部分否定)
Not every student can answer the question(部分否定)
None of the students can answer the question学生回答问题(全部否定)
③否定转移复合句中句谓语动词 thinkexpectbelievesupposeimaginefeel时通常否定句肯定句注意翻译差异
I don＇t think he is right想
I don＇t believe he is a liar相信会说谎
2) both··not→部分否定
考 翻译：俩学生
[答案]Both of them are not students
①both+否定谓语表示全部否定(两者否定)部分否定意2……(······)例：Bothof the two pens are not his(2支钢笔非)(：1支1支)②果两者否定neither of+名词+肯定性谓语较：
Both of the windows are not open2窗子开着(部分否定)
Neither of the windows is open2窗子没开
(全部否定Neither window is open)
Both of the books are not worth reading2书非值读(部分否定)
Neither of the books is worth reading2书值读(全部否定Neither book is worth reading)
3) can not…too 结构
考 翻译：越注意拼写越
[答案] You can not pay too much attention to your spelling
种结构形式否定意义表示肯定意样……分相It is impossible to…too面接形容词副词例：You can not be too careful(越心越)We can＇t praise the film too highly (部电影样赞美分It is impossible to overpraise the film) You can＇t thank her too much(样感谢分)
4) can not··without 结构
考 翻 译：One cannot succeedwithout perseverance
[答案]毅力成功
种结构表示种强调委婉肯定意……相否定条件句if…notwithout接名词动名词例：You can＇t go downtown without your father＇s permission (没父亲允许进城)She can＇t answer the question without looking at the notes (笔记回答问题)Fish can＇t live without water(没水鱼生存)
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英语句子结构分3种类型：简单句列句复合句
1 简单句
11 简单句定义
语(列语)谓语(列谓语)构成句子做简单句
Mark studies hard马克努力学(1语1谓语)
Li Ming andZhang Hua work in the samecompany
李明张华家公司工作(2列语1谓语)
Both Tom and Jim go to school at seven in the morninghave their lunch there and come back at five in the afternoon
汤姆吉姆早7点钟学学校里吃午饭午5点钟返家(2列语3列谓语)
12 简单句6种句型结构
简单句6种基句型复杂简单句6种基结构扩展
1)语+动词(物动词)
Her father works in Nanjing父亲南京工作
She is walking along the lake正着湖边走Spring has come春天已
2)语+连系动词+表语
He is a teacher位教师
The trees in the yard are green院子里树绿
She became angry at his words听话生气
The man seems kind似善良
The milk has turned sour牛奶变酸
3)语+物动词+宾语
He found a bird in the tree发现树鸟
My sister enjoys the song妹妹喜欢首歌He forgot to post the letter忘记寄信Mary denied taking the pen 玛丽承认支钢笔
4)语+物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He bought his sister a piano 妹妹买架钢琴
She wrote him a long letter写封长长信
The worker told us a lot about his life in the past位工讲许关生活事情
Would you tell me where to get the ticket告诉里买票？
5)语+物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
I found him busy发现忙
The news made her happy消息高兴They consider Jim a good student 认吉姆学生
首ortcn bour er sina he song时常听见唱
They clected him chairman of the committee选举委员会席
She always keeps the room clean and tidy总房间保持整洁
He had his hair cut once a month月理次发
I＇ve never seen him discouraged没见失
She kept us waiting for over three hours等3时
6 there be结构
61 there be 句型基法
there be+某某物+某某时常句型表示某某时某某物句型中there be意某某物句子语某某时状语注意面两点：
(1)汉语中译英语时果表示某某物拥动词havehas
He has two red pencils两支红铅笔
果表示某某时存某某物there be句型
There are two red pencils on the desk书桌2支红铅笔
(2) there be句型中be语数谓语时态保持致变化形式：般现时→is are般时→waswere般时→will be时→would be现完成时→havehas beenthere be句型变化表：
肯定句 There is…there are··
否定句 There is notisn＇t… There are
notaren＇t···
疑问句 Is there·Are there··
There is going to be a concert at the weekend周末场音乐会(时)
There has been nothing in the newspaper about the accident报没关场事报道(完成时)
There have been no letters from my parents since Ileft home two months ago离开家2月没收父母信(完成时)
There will be a football match in the evening晚场足球赛(时)
1)肯定句(表示存)
there+be+语+点状语时间
结构： 状语
There is a bird in the tree 树鸟
There are four seasons in a year年4季There are ten middle schools in the city城市里10中学
提示
there be结构表示(某某时)存havehas 表示(某某物)拥见文较：
There are several apple trees in the garden 园子里棵苹果树(强调某存某物)
They have several apple trees in the garden 园子里棵苹果树(强调某拥某物)There is a telephone in every room房间里
部电话
Every room has a telephone房间部电话
2)否定句(表示没存)
there + be + not (any much)
+语+点状语时间状语
结构：
there + be+ no+语+点
状语时间状语
There＇s not any water left in the bottle瓶子里没水
There＇s not much ink in the pen钢笔里没少墨水
There aren＇t any pens in the box 盒子里没钢笔
There are no pens in the box (说 no any pens)
There won＇t be rain tomorrow明天会雨There is nothing for her to do now现没什做(句中for her to do 定式短语作定语修饰语nothingnow 时间状语)
3)疑问句
(1)般疑问句
结构： Be + there + (any)
状语时间状语 +语+点
Is there any water in the glass杯子里水？Are there any shoes on the floor鞋子板？
Will there be a meeting in the afternoon午开会？
Is there anything for me to do什做？(省略时间状语点状语 nowhere等)
(2)特殊疑问句句型
结构： 特殊疑问词+be +there+点状
语时间状语
What is there in the box盒子里装什？When will there be a chance for us to meet什时候会机会见面？
(3)特殊疑问句句型二
结构： How manyHow much+名词+be
+ there +点状语时间状语
How many students are there in your class班里少学生？
How much money is there in the box盒子里少钱？
62 there be 结构中be 外动词
there be结构中be种形式外
动词
1)句型
结构： there + maycanmustused to
ought to +be+语+成分
There may be something wrong with the watch块手表出毛病
There used to be a tree in front of the room前房间前面棵树
There must be something important in his words话中定重信息
麻烦There ought o be no more rouble应该
How can there be such a thing会样事？
2)句型二
结构： there liveexistliestandhang
remain+语+成分
种结构表示存状态
There once lived an old man in the house前房子里住着位老
There stands a tall building over there边耸立着幢高楼
There exists much life in the ocean海洋里许生物
There remains nothing to eat没剩什吃
3)句型三
there seem to behappen to be
结构： appear to beflyariserisecome
appearfollowspringoccur+
语+成分
种结构表示出现动作
There appears to be no cloud in the sky天空中似没云
There seems to be no point in arguing with him争辩似没意义
There happened to be a heavy rain that day天碰巧场雨
There came a knock at the door传敲门声There rise lots of stars in the sky 天空中出现许星星
There occurred some difficulties in our work 工作中出现困难
There sprang a lot of plants on the roadside路边长出许植物
There followed a talk of ten minutes10分钟交谈
63 there be结构中谓致问题
there be 结构中动词面语必须数方面保持致果列语(两两物)第语单数数名词谓语动
词复数形式单数形式
There areis a pen and a dictionary on the desk桌支钢笔词典
There isare a girlthree boys and some soldiers in the picture图片里女孩三男孩士兵
提示
there+be+语+点状语时间状语句型中语定泛指特指the this thatthesethose等修饰语修饰语应定冠词(aan)基数词(onetwo)nosomemanyalotof等词较：盒子里没许刀
There are somenomany knives in the box(正)
There are those (the) knives in the box (误)
13 简单句结构问题
1) paint the door blue 结构
英语中动词常形容词作宾语补足语类动词：
drive him crazymadwild发疯发狂
get it openshutcleandirtydrywet 开关干净脏干湿
find it easydifficult发现容易难
hold it stillopen动开着
keep it cleandirtyopenshut 干净脏开着关
like it coldhot 喜欢凉热
make it easyplainsafe容易清楚安全open it wide开
paint it redbluewhitebrown 漆成红色蓝色白色棕色
prefer it hotfried喜欢热油煎
pull it tightshut拉紧关
push it open推开
want it raw 想生
wipe it cleandry擦干净干
2) buy Tom a bike →buy it for Tom
语+物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语结构中果直接宾语称代词般放物动词间接宾语变介词短语移称代词面较：
They gave Tom a knife汤姆刀They gave it to Tom
He bought Mary some flowers 玛丽买
花
He bought them for Mary
3) send him a letter →send a letter to him
表示予传送等意义词常to引出间接宾语语+物动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语结构中类动词：give()hand(交 )leave(留 )offer(提供)pass(传送)post(邮寄)read(······读)sell(卖)send(送)show(······)take(带)teach(教)tell(告诉)throw(扔)write(写)等较：
老师练交
The teacher handed them the exercisebooks(正)
The teacher handed the exercisebooks to them(正)(to the students)
The teacher handed the exercisebooks for them(误)
4) find her a job → find a job for her
表示买做等意义动词常for引出间接宾语语+谓语+直接宾语+for+间接宾语结构中类动词：buy(买)call()build (建 造)choose (选 择)do(做)fetch(取)find(找)get(弄)keep(保留)leave (留)make (制造)order (定购)save(省) sing(唱)prepare(准备)等较：He saved his father a lot of money(正)父亲省许钱
He saved a lot of money for his father (正)He saved a lot of money to his father (误)
2 列句
21 列句定义
列句列连词两两简单句连起构成句子常列连词and but or for nor so yet either…or neither…norstill however not only·but also 等列句结构：简单句+列连词+简单句
This is mine and that is hers
These shoes are not cheap but they are very good鞋子算便宜质量
22 列连词法
1) and not only…but alsobut as well andthen表示连续加
You can wait here () and I shall call her里等
Not only the students like the book but also the teachers enjoy reading it仅学生喜欢书教师喜欢读
She not only knows his name but (she) knows everything about his past as well仅知道名字知道切(2简单句语相时第二简单句语常省略)
Helen washed the clothes and then (she) listened to music海伦洗衣服然听音乐
2) but yet stillhowevernevertheless 表示转折
He wrote the letter () but (he) forgot to postit写信忘记寄
He sold the house yetbut he can＇t help regretting it房子卖免感惋惜
The news may be unexpectednevertheless it is true 消息出意料然真实(句分号)
She wants to go to the party however she has no ticket想参加晚会没票(however 连接副词前分号)
She was tiredstill she kept on working累然继续工作(still 连接副词前分号)
提示
①and 表示列关系外表示承结果条件反复等
I met her on the street and stopped to talk to her街碰便停说说话(承)
The car broke down halfway and they had to spend the night in the open车半路抛锚露天夜(结果)
I missed supper and I＇m starving没吃晚饭现饿极(结果)
Use your head and you＇ll work out the problem动动脑筋会解决问题(条件)
She knocked and knocked but there was noresponse敲敲没回应(反复动作)
②表示然时but语气较谦恭缓yet语气较强较生硬较：You may go out to play but you should come back before noon 出玩应中午前回(谦)
It＇s easy for you to repair the watchyet you＇ve kept it for a whole month Why修块表说容易里已整整放月回事？(生硬)
③yetand连but例：
The book is not thick and yet it＇s hard to read书厚难读(说and but)
3) or either…or neither…nor not…butor else otherwise 表示选择
or常表示者表示然话
Would you like to go on a picnic or would you like to stay at home想野餐想家里？
Either she is to blame or you are 该受责备该受责备
Neither can he answer the question nor do you know the answer回答问题知道问题答案
Go home otherwise your mother will worry回家吧然妈妈会担心
Fish must stay in wateror they will die鱼必须水中然会死
提示
①or 表示两者间选择表示象间选择注意面结构：A or B or C either A or B or C neither A nor B nor CWould you like tea or coffee喜欢喝茶喝咖啡？
Which is the hardest steel rock or rubber硬钢石头橡胶？
Neither you nor I nor anyone else can swim across the lake in half an hour 半时游湖
2否定句中连接两等语谓语定语状语时or表示两者否定肯定句中连接两等成分 and表示两者肯定and 否定句中连接两等成分时般肯定and前成分否定and成分
He doesn＇t smoke or drink吸烟喝酒
He lived alone there without money or food孤独住里没钱没食物
She can＇t sit or stand坐站
You can＇t drink and drive 喝酒开车(酒驾车)
She didn＇t speak clearly or correctly说清楚正确
She didn＇t speak clearly and correctly说清楚正确(讲清楚正确)
4) so 表示结果
He couldn＇t find his pen so he wrote in pencil找钢笔铅笔写
It was late so he went to bed 天已晚睡
5) for 表示原
He didn＇t buy the carfor he was short of money缺钱没买汽车
The days are getting warmer and warmer for spring has come 天越越暖春天
6)andor表示条件
andor连接两分句前分句表示条件常祈句and前面分句相if引导肯定性句or前面分句相if引导否定性句较：
Work hard and you will succeed努力工作会成功(Ifyou work hardyou will succeed)
Hurry up or you will be late快点然迟(If you don＇t hurry up you will be late)
7)分句间标点符号问题
andbutor连接两分句时分句间逗号soforyet连接两分句时分句间常逗号not only·but also neither…noreither··or连接两分句时分句间般逗号stillhowever连接分句时分句间常分号参见面句
8) so is can does did heneither is can does did he
soneither 列句中第二分句前代表第句中某成分表示前面分句中讲情况适面分句时面分句倒装结构
He has passed the exam so has she考试通通(so 表示肯定)
She doesn＇t like the picture neither do they喜欢幅画喜欢(neither 表示否定)
9) not only··but alsoas well as区
not only·but also连接行词词组意义法as well as相似强调重点not only··but also 强调者as well as 强调前者两连接词进行转换时注意强调象转移较：
not only A but
also B 重点
B as well as A 重点前
写信寄钱
He not only wrote to her but also sent her some money
He sent her some money as well as wrote to her
知识验
She has not only knowledge but also experience She has experience as well as knowledge
提示
①as well as强调前者 as well as 连接两词作语时谓语动词数 as well as前面语致
She as well as you is right
2He works as well as a skilled worker句中as well as连词表示·……种法中well副词意as…as 表示等较连词意……样句译工作位熟练工样
3 复合句
复合句(指复合句)句句构成句子复合句中句句具完整语谓语句复合句体独立存句需连词引导修饰说明句独立存根句中作句分3类：(1)名词性句(包括语句表语句宾语句位语句)(2)定语句(3)状语句详见面章
4 疑难法
1) all·not结构→部分否定
考翻译该句转换成全部否定：Not all men can do it
[答案]做件事(全部否定：Nobody can do it)
all···+否定谓语表示部分否定意非……未必……相not all+肯定谓语相应全部否定结构none of…+肯定谓语较：
All the days are not fine非日子晴天(部分否定Not all the days are fine)
None of the days are fine日子晴天(全部否定)
All the answers are not right非答案(部分否定Not all the answers are right)
None of the answers are right答案(全部否定)
All ants do not go out for food非蚂蚁出觅食
提示
①Not everyone can do the same句全部否定应：
Nobody can do the same没做样事(not everybody not everyone no one 全部否定nobody)
②every···+否定谓语表示部分否定相not every···+肯定谓语较：
Every one of them is not honest非诚实(部分否定)
Not every one of them is honest(部分否定)
None of them are honest诚实(全部否定)
Every student can＇t answer the question学生回答问题(部分否定)
Not every student can answer the question(部分否定)
None of the students can answer the question学生回答问题(全部否定)
③否定转移复合句中句谓语动词 thinkexpectbelievesupposeimaginefeel时通常否定句肯定句注意翻译差异
I don＇t think he is right想
I don＇t believe he is a liar相信会说谎
2) both··not→部分否定
考 翻译：俩学生
[答案]Both of them are not students
①both+否定谓语表示全部否定(两者否定)部分否定意2……(······)例：Bothof the two pens are not his(2支钢笔非)(：1支1支)②果两者否定neither of+名词+肯定性谓语较：
Both of the windows are not open2窗子开着(部分否定)
Neither of the windows is open2窗子没开
(全部否定Neither window is open)
Both of the books are not worth reading2书非值读(部分否定)
Neither of the books is worth reading2书值读(全部否定Neither book is worth reading)
3) can not…too 结构
考 翻译：越注意拼写越
[答案] You can not pay too much attention to your spelling
种结构形式否定意义表示肯定意样……分相It is impossible to…too面接形容词副词例：You can not be too careful(越心越)We can＇t praise the film too highly (部电影样赞美分It is impossible to overpraise the film) You can＇t thank her too much(样感谢分)
4) can not··without 结构
考 翻 译：One cannot succeedwithout perseverance
[答案]毅力成功
种结构表示种强调委婉肯定意……相否定条件句if…notwithout接名词动名词例：You can＇t go downtown without your father＇s permission (没父亲允许进城)She can＇t answer the question without looking at the notes (笔记回答问题)Fish can＇t live without water(没水鱼生存)
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