2013年中考英语复习资料_2

2013中考复系列　 词汇
词类知识
中考求：
　　词汇英语基础弄清词词类词造句阅读写作基础词类中考考查般通名词动词形容词等种词性考查中表现出判断类词句子中作成分决定词形词词间搭配关系等
二知识点：
　　根语法功词分十类：名词代词动词形容词副词数词冠词介词连词感叹词
1 名词（n）：
　 名词表示事物抽象概念：boy 男孩morning 早晨duty 责句子中作语表语宾语补足语位语定语等例：
The tomatoes on the table are very fresh 桌子西红柿新鲜（作语）
He is a doctor 医生（作表语）
We’ll call the baby Mary 婴取名玛丽（作宾语补足语）
2 代词（pro）：
　　代词代名词数词：we their
that several 句中作语宾语表语位语等例：
I know her sister She is always ready to help others 认识妹妹乐助
　　（Ishe作语her作定语others作宾语）
The English teacher is not himself today 英语老师天舒服（作表语）
3　数词（num）
　　数词表示数目序基数词序数词：one thousand 千twelfth 第十二句子作语宾语表语定语等例：
Three of us are from Beijing 中三北京（作语）
You are the second one to come to see me 第二（作定语）
We don’t need so many people We need only five
　　需需五（作宾语）
4 形容词（adj）
　　形容词表示事物特征big white白色句中作表语定语补足语等
Look Your bike is bigger than mine 行车（作表语）

He found the door open 发现门开着（作宾语补足语）
5 副词（adv）
　　副词表示时间点程度动作特征等：now 现often 常 quietly 安静句中作状语修饰形容词副词动词句子等例：
She can sing very well 歌唱非常（修饰副词well）
He stepped into the room quietly without being noticed
　　悄悄走进房间没注意(修饰动词stepped)
6 动词（v）
　　动词表示动作状态：speak 说lie 躺become 成句中作谓语名词形容词实义动词等起构成复合谓语例：
He bought a computer yesterday 昨天买台电脑(作谓语)
Tom was sick at home 汤姆病家（形容词起构成复合谓语）
7 冠词（art）
　　冠词名词前名词起限制作包括定冠词a an 定冠词the
There are some vegetables in the basket 篮子里蔬菜
8 介词（prep）

　　介词名词代词前表示词关系on ……面for ……
I have waited here for three hours 里等三时
9 连词（conj）
　　连词连接词词短语短语句子句子and but when ……时候
We talked and talked until he came 直谈
10 感叹词（interj）
　　感叹词表示说话时感情口气：hi 嗨hello 喂aha 啊哈wow 哇
Ah here is the thing I’m after 啊找东西里呢
三易错点点拨：
1 形容词副词法混淆例：
Children on the playground are playing happy 操场孩子高兴玩着
　　〔解析〕happy 形容词句子应该副词修饰动词应改happily
When his father heard this he got angrily 爸爸听生气
　　〔解析〕get系动词面接形容词表示语状态angrily应改angry

Look It is raining hardly outside 外面雨
　　〔解析〕副词hard（猛烈）误hardly（）容易错误friendlylovely等形容词作副词
2 连词副词法混淆例：
We were very tired however we felt excited 累兴奋
　　〔分析〕however副词连接句子应however 改but者改：
We were very tiredHowever we felt excited
3 介词副词法混淆例：
He told me the teacher asked me to come into 告诉老师进
　　〔解析〕into介词应该接宾语否应该in代into改成come into the classroom
　　总英语词类英语应中起着作尤书面表达中中考常考查容词正确形式填空中常出现词类转换例子
构词法知识
中考求：
　　中考关构词法求：解合成词派生词构成基知识掌握定单词转化规常单词前缀缀变化解合成词构成法等

二知识点：
1合成法：
　　合成法英语单词基构词法通常两单词合起构成两单词意思关系联系新单词合成词特点：两单词合起构成新单词时加连字符时词形方面变化例：
　　class + room － classroom 教室　
　black + board － blackboard 黑板
　　bath + room － bathroom　 浴室　　 　
day + dreaming － daydreaming 白日梦
　　kind + heart+ ed － kindhearted 心　　
good + look+ ing － goodlooking
　　man + made － manmade 造 　　
well + known － wellknown　 著名
　　掌握合成法构词方法会单词记忆生词推测帮助例：
〔例句〕What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence
　　〔解析〕句子阅读理解题中常出现问题underlined学说生词出underline加d构成容易猜出词义面划线
2 派生法

　　派生法英语构词法广泛常方法派生词包括加前缀缀两种形式
　　前缀：单词前面加某固定字母组合常见前缀imundisinatele等中imundisin般构成反义词例：
　　honest 诚实－dishonest 诚实　
possible －impossible
　　happy 高兴 － unhappy 高兴 　
polite 礼貌－impolite 　没礼貌
〔例句〕It is _____ (possible) for you to write such a long novel in an hour It may take you one day
　　〔解析〕答案impossible面句子意思花天时间理解时写长说加前缀构成反义词impossible表示样前句子意思保持致
〔例句〕They don’t like your brother because he is a very ______ (honest) boy
　　〔解析〕答案dishonest前面句子意思喜欢弟弟理解面句子加前缀构成dishonest表示诚实意思表示喜欢原
　　缀：缀单词面加某固定字母组合常见缀：

（1）名词缀：erortionianmentness等例：
　　art 艺术－artist 艺术家　
move 移动－ movement 运动　
educate 教育－education 教育
　 teach 教－teacher 教师　
act 表演－ actor 男演员　
translate 翻译－translation 翻译
〔例句〕Three ______ (visit) will come to our village and teach us English
　　〔解析〕 答案visitors句子意思理解三参观者visit面加缀变名词visitors
（2）副词缀：般形容词＋lyward(s)等缀变副词例：
　 easy容易－easily容易　　
heavy重－heavily 沉重重
〔例句〕Look It is raining ________ (heavy) outside now
　　〔解析〕答案heavily句子结构出应该副词修饰动词rainheavy副词变yi加缀ly构成　　（3）形容词缀：般名词＋yablefulivelessal等缀构成形容词
表示天气名词加缀y构成形容词：

　　rain雨－rainy雨　
wind风－windy风　
cloud云－cloudy云
〔例句〕What’s the weather like today It’s ______ (fog)
　　〔解析〕答案foggy句子意思理解形容词表示天气雾fog名词形容词名词双写g加缀y
〔例句〕We can eat this kind of plants They are ______ (harm) to our health
　　〔解析〕答案harmless句子结构理解应该形容词作表语文中出应该harmless表示害
3 转化法
　　单词词形没变化词性发生变化种构词法词转化例：
　　Let’s have a swim after school （swim句中名词）
　　I can swim now（句swim动词）：
　　Look Your mother is cleaning your room (clean动词)
　　Oh how clean your room is now（clean形容词）
三易错点点拨：
　　1 合成词容易出现错误：般句义词义判断够准确忘记连字符等

Who is the ______ (中年) woman over there
　　〔解析〕易误middle age注意合成词需词形作改变更注意合成词需连字符连接句中合成词middleaged
The nineyearsold girl can sing twelve English songs
　　〔解析〕数词+名词+形容词构成合成词时名词单数nineyearsold应改nineyearold
2 派生词容易出现错误：单词前缀缀记忆清句子意思准确判断出派生词：
The boy became ______ (home) after his parents died two years ago
　　〔解析〕易误in home出现错误原便home加表示否定前缀句中应该派生词homeless表示家意思
Your teacher was very ______ (happy) because you forgot your homework
　　〔解析〕易误happily出现错误原理解某缀前缀作意义句中派生词unhappy表示高兴意思happily副词高兴unhappy整句子意思保持致
The radio says it will be _____ (rain) this afternoon You’d better take your raincoat

　　〔解析〕易错raining出现错误原认be面现分词构成现进行时句中派生词rainybe连构成系表结构表示雨天气
中考总复二　 名词代词冠词
名词知识
中考求：
　　中考关名词考查求：数名词数名词法数名词单复数形式名词格法重点考查名词复数形式名词格学定掌握名词单复数形式变化规名词格法
二知识点：
1 数名词数名词：
　　英语名词分数名词数名词表示计数事物名词数名词般单数复数形式两种形式时两种形式相数名词单数形式定冠词连例：a book（书）an apple （苹果）
　　数名词复数形式fewa fewmanyseveral等连例：a few girls
　　数名词表示计数事物名词定冠词a（an）数词one修饰分单复数物质名词抽象名词专名词般数例：milk （牛奶）education（教育）

2 数名词单数变复数规：
（1）般情况数名词单数形式面加字母s构成复数形式例：
book － books　 pen － pens　 eraser － erasers
（2）字母xschsh结尾单词复数形式单词面加字母es例：
bus － buses　 box － boxes　 watch － watches
（3）辅音字母＋ｙ结尾数名词复数形式字母ｙ变i加es例：
baby － babies　 country－countries 　city － cities
注意：果元音字母＋y结尾单词直接加字母s例：
boy － boys　 toy－toys
（4）字母f者fe结尾数名词复数形式先字母f变v加es例：
wife－wives　leaf－leaves　knife－knives
（5）字母o结尾数名词复数形式般加s单词加字母－es例：
photo－photos　 radio－radios　 piano－ pianos 　
tomato－tomatoes　 potato－potatoes
（6）特殊变化复数形式例：
manwoman－menwomen 　child－children　 foot－feet　 tooth－teeth　 mouse－mice
（7）名词单复数形式相：
sheep　 deer　 Chinese　 Japanese yuan（元）jin （斤）
注意：集体名词身表示单数意义表示复数意义名词指代单位机构成整体时作单数形式理解果表示群体成员通常作复数常类词：
　　class 班级 team 队（员） family 家庭
government 政府 group 组（员）
The family is not large 家庭（指家庭整体）
The family are all music lovers 家音乐爱者（指家庭中成员）
Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program （指家庭）
3 名词格
　　名词格中考重点名词格表示者事物属关系句子中作定语
（1）表示者生命名词格形式单数名词面加’s例：
This is my father’s car 　父亲汽车

（2）表示集体时间距离世界国家等名词格’s形式例：
Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper 天报纸什特消息？
（3）表示生命名词格of＋名词形式时生命名词例：
Look at the map of China please 请张中国图
I know the girl’s name the name of the girl 知道女孩名字
注意：
（1）连词and连接两列单数名词表示关系时名词面加’s
例：
This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father 李雷李父亲（两父亲）
果两名词分两名词面分加撇点’s例：
These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books 李雷李书（两）
（2）ses结尾复数名词格字母s面加’s结尾复数名词格形式然加’s

例：
It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school 家学校步行约十分钟
Here is the Children’s Palace 里少年宫
（3）双重格：
　　of +名词’s格名词性物代词构成双重格果表示属物名词前冠词数词定代词指示代词时常双重格
Tom is a friend of my father’s 汤姆父亲位朋友
I gave him two photos of mine 两张片
三易错点点拨：
1 数名词误数名词
（1）Come and help yourselves to some chickens boys 孩子便吃点鸡肉吧
　　〔解析〕句中chicken意思鸡肉数名词没复数形式chicken作数名词时意思 鸡符合句意chickens改chicken
（2）We can get a lot of informations on the Internet now
　　 　　现互联网获许信息
　　〔解析〕单词information数名词没复数形式informations改information
（3）There are some milk and ice cream for your lunch 午饭牛奶冰淇淋

　　〔解析〕there be句型中果面语and连接列名词be形式致果数名词be单数第三称形式milk数名词are改is
2 名词复数法错误
（1）There are many sheeps on our farm 农场许绵羊
　　〔解析〕单词sheep数名词单数复数形式样sheeps改sheep
（2）All the woman teachers in our school are very happy on March 8
　　 　　三八节学校女老师高兴
　　〔解析〕woman teacher复合名词句子意思连系动词are判断数名词复数形式manwoman作定语时名词果复数manwoman变成复数形式里woman改women需注意般名词作定语时单数形式例：
　 　　　There are two shoe shops in this street 条街两家鞋店
3 名词格法错误
（1）Tom’s and Sam’s room is very big and bright 汤姆山姆房间亮

　　〔解析〕句子意思名词room判断房间两表示两名词格面名词加sTom’s改Tom
（2）We are going to have the two month’s vacation after this exam
　　 　　次考试放两月假
　　〔解析〕two months意思两月名词month应该复数形式s结尾名词复数格形式应该复数加’month’s改months’
（3）Can you tell me the question’s answer 告诉问题答案？
　　〔解析〕句子意思理解名词格形式表示问题答案表示某问题答案the answer to the questionthe question’s answer改the answer to the question
（4）The doctors have saved all the children’ lives so far
　　 　　止医生已救活孩子
　　〔解析〕句子意思判断考查名词格法children数名词复数形式加s构成复数形式格形式应children’schildren’改children’s

代词知识
中考求：
　　代词中考求：称代词法反身代词法物代词法定代词法中称代词格宾格介词＋反身代词定代词形容词位置关系中考重点
二知识点：
1 称代词
　　称代词表示等词称数格变化

单数
复数
格
宾格
格
宾格
第称
I
me
we
us
第二称
you
you
you
you
第三称
he she it
him her it
they
them
称代词法：
（1）作语（格）
　　　　 We all like maths very much 喜欢数学
（2）作宾语（宾格）
Would you mind giving her a hand 帮帮？
　　　　 I’m very pleased with it 满意
（3）作表语（格口语常宾格）

　　Open the door please It’s me 请开门
注意：
　　两者两称代词列时候单数形式排列般：第二称前面第三称中间第称面例：You he and I are all your father’s students 复数形式排列般：第称前面第二称中间第三称面例：We you and they all go swimming after school 果表示承担错误责般I前面
2 物代词
　　物代词表示关系分形容词性物代词名词性物代词两种形式

单 数
复 数
第称
第二称
第三称
第称
第二称
第三称
形容词性
物代词
my
your
his her its
our
your
their
名词性
物代词
mine
yours
his hers its
ours
yours
theirs
　　
名词性物代词句子中作语表语宾语相形容词性物代词+名词例：
This isn’t my coat Mine (my coat) has been put in the classroom

　　衣（衣）已放教室里
A student of his ( his students) has gone to America 学生美国
形容词性物代词句子中作定语面接名词例：
　　This is my book 书
3 反身代词
　　表示某代词反身代词身代词反身代词句子中作宾语表语位语需注意反身代词指代名词代词称性数保持致
　　反身代词构成：第称第二称物代词＋selfselves第三称宾格代词＋selfselves单数形式加self复数形式加selves
　　重点记忆面短语：
by＋oneself　 某独　　
enjoy oneself＝have a good time 玩开心
teach oneself 学 　　 　
help oneself to… 便吃喝……
例：Help ______ to some fish children 　孩子便吃点鱼吧
　　空反身代词复数形式yourselves动词help表示请便吃点鱼意思里yourselves指代孩子复数形式

注意：反身代词没格形式形容词性物代词+own表示格含义
Please retell the story using your own words 请话复述事
4定代词
　　定代词： some (somethingsomebodysomeone)any (anythinganybodyanyone) no (nothingnobodyno one) every (everythingeverybodyeveryone)alleachbothmuchmany(a) little(a) fewother(s)anothernoneoneeither neither等
重定代词法：
（1）a few a little few little
　　fewa few常修饰者代数名词a littlelittle常修饰者代数名词a fewa little意思点表示肯定意义fewlittle意思少没表示否定意义例：
We have a few friends here 里朋友
There is a little water in my glass Just have some please
　　杯子里点水请喝点吧

My father has few friends in the factory 爸爸家工厂里没朋友
There is little time left We must hurry up 没时间必须快点
（2）oneitthisthat
　　one泛指事物形容词指示代词thisthat面代文提数名词复数形式ones例：
－There are a lot of socks in the shop What color do you want
　　　商店许袜子什颜色？
－I want the red ones 红色
　　it指文提者文提事物情况例：
－Who is speaking out of the door 谁门外面说话？
－I don’t know It may be your father 知道爸爸
　　thisthat指示代词this般指时间空间较者事物例：
This is my father 爸爸
　that般指时间空间较远者事物例：
What’s that over there 什？

（3）the otherothersthe othersanother
　　others 表示泛指者事物（定剩全部）例：
Some boys are cleaning the door some are sweeping the floor and others are playing outside
　　男孩擦门男孩扫外面玩
　　the others表示特定范围者事物表示剩全部例：
Five students in my class are girls the others are all boys
　　班5学生女生全部男生
　　another指三者三范围中修饰单数名词果复数名词连时候复数名词前面必须基数词意思外例：
This shirt is too big I’ll try another 件衬衫太试件　　
I want to have another two apples 想两苹果
　　the other指两中者事物常one连构成one… the other结构表示（两中）…… …… 例：
He took a book in one hand and a bag in the other
　　　手着书手着包
（4）something anything nothingeverything

　　something意思某事物肯定句中时疑问句中表示请求例：
The teacher wants to tell you something about the exam
　　　老师想告诉关考试事情
Would you like something to eat 想吃点什？
　　everything意思件事物肯定句中否定句中表示部分否定例：
Your teacher has already told me everything about your family
　　老师家庭切事情告诉
I don’t know everything about him 知道件事
　　anything意思事物否定句疑问句中例：
Do you have anything to do tonight 天晚什事情做？
Our teacher didn’t say anything at the meeting 老师会议什没说
　　nothing意思没事物表示否定意义定代词例：
I did nothing for your exam 考试什事情没做
注意：形容词修饰something anything everything nothing等时放定代词面
I have something important to deal with 重事处理
（5）allbotheitherneithernone
　　all表示三者者三者否定词none意思没例：
We＇ll all come here to help you 家会帮助
None of us can answer his question 中没回答问题
　　both表示两者间者事物否定词neither例：
Both of my parents are farmers 父母农民
Neither of us are your teachers 两老师
　　Either意思两者间例：
I have two tickets Either you or your brother can go with me
　　两张票者弟弟起
（6）manymuch
　　两单词义词表示许意思many面数名词复数形式much修饰数名词例：
They have many friends in our school 学校朋友

My sister has much homework to do tonight 妹妹天晚许家庭作业做
三易错点点拨：
1 代词格宾格混淆
Look These red apples are all for he 　红苹果
　　〔解析〕代词he介词for面作宾语应代词宾格形式he宾格形式himhe改him
2 形容词性名词性物代词法混淆
The big yellow pears belong to me the rest small ones are his and her
　　黄梨余
　　〔解析〕题考查名词性物代词法his形容词性物代词名词性物代词her形容词性物代词名词连应该名词性物代词hersher改hers
3 反身代词称代词相混淆
Who taught your sister English Nobody She learned it all by her
　　〔解析〕句子意思理解介词by应该反身代词表示某独做某事意思her改herself

4 反身代词称数指名词代词致
Boys and girls Enjoy yourself　 孩子祝玩愉快
　　〔解析〕enjoy oneself意思玩愉快boys and girls复数形式面反身代词复数形式应该yourself改yourselves
5 定代词法相混淆
（1）Don’t worry There is wrong nothing with your father　 担心父亲没什事
　　〔解析〕形容词修饰定代词nothing等时形容词放定代词面wrong nothing改nothing wrong
（2）The boy made all his hands dirty 男孩两手弄脏
　　〔解析〕all 三者三者……处应该both代all
冠词知识
中考求：
　　冠词然aanthe三中考必考语言点题型般单项选择题考查定冠词法区定冠词定冠词区等容集中表示类方法定冠词表示特指冠词情况冠词惯法等

二知识点：
定冠词法
　　定冠词包括aan意思相one 情况译成one样强调数量时译出a辅音音素开头单词前an元音音素开头单词前例：
We saw a good film last night 昨晚部电影
Please give me an apple 请苹果
1 表示类者类事物中
He’s an English teacher　 英语老师
2 泛指某某物具体说明物
A girl is waiting for you at the school gate 女孩校门口等
3 事物单位时间速度价格等前表示
－How much are the oranges 　桔子少钱？
－Two yuan a kilo　 公斤两元
4 某固定搭配短语中例：
a lot of　 许 　a little a few 点　
after a while 会　 in a hurry 匆忙
have a look 　 have a good time 玩高兴　
have a cold 感
定冠词法
　　定冠词the面名词起限定作特指功
1 特指某（）某（）事物
The apple on the plate is for you 盘子里苹果
2 说话双方知道者事物
Please go and close the door 请门关
3 指文刚提物
I found a picture in the box The picture was very beautiful
　　　 箱子里发现幅画幅画非常美丽
4 世界独二事物前面
The sun is bigger than the moon 太阳月亮
5 序数词形容词高级前面
You are the best student in our school 学校
Don’t put off what you should do to the last second 该做事拖时刻
6 单数名词连表示某类事物
The tiger is a fierce animal 老虎种凶猛动物
7 演奏乐器名称文艺活动场前
The little girl likes playing the violin　 女孩喜欢拉提琴

8 某固定搭配惯语中
in the morning　 午 　　
by the way 便说　　
at the same time 时
in the middle of ……中间　
make the bed 铺床　　　
all the time　 直
冠词（零冠词）情况
1 物质名词表示泛指时冠词
Wood can be used to make paper 木材造纸
2 抽象名词表示种概念时冠词
Music is a language which can bring people pleasure　
　　　 音乐种带快乐语言
3 表示国名名名城市街道字首Mount山数湖泊专名词前冠词
例：ChinaMaryMount Tai
4 四季月份节假日日期星期等名词前冠词
They will have a football match on Friday　 星期五场足球赛
注意：谈具体季节日期中国传统节日时常定冠词
I don’t like the spring of Beijing It’s too sandy　

　 　　喜欢北京春天沙尘太
5 三餐球类运动前冠词
My brother is playing basketball with his friends now 弟弟正朋友篮球
6 表示学科语言名词前冠词
Physics is more popular than any other subject in our school
　　　 学校物理学科更受欢迎
7 名词复数表示类事物冠词
Pandas are very lovely animals 熊猫爱动物
8 物代词指示代词定代词等修饰名词前冠词
I want to buy this car not that car 想买辆汽车辆
9 某惯语中冠词例：
at school　 校学　　 in hospital　 住院　
go to bed　 床睡觉 face to face　 面面　　
on foot　　 步行　 by bus　 公汽车
三易错点点拨：
1 定冠词aan相混淆
（1）At last my teacher has come up with a idea 老师意
　　〔解析〕idea元音音素开头前面冠词an表示泛指a改an

（2）We all like your sister because she is a honest girl
　　喜欢妹妹诚实女孩
　　〔解析〕honest中首字母h发音元音音素开头单词冠词ana改an
（3）This is an useful book 书
　　〔解析〕useful然元音字母开头字母u读音[ju]说辅音音素[j]开头aan改成a
2 冠词否错误
（1）You are second one to pass the exam in our class 班第二通考试
　　〔解析〕题考查序数词前定冠词法second改the second
（2）－Let’s play the basketball after school
　　 －Good idea Let’s bring basketball
　　　　 －篮球吧－意着篮球吧
　　〔解析〕题考查球类运动名词前面冠词法第句中the basketball改basketball第二句中basketball指篮球运动加the表示篮球
中考总复三　 数词形容词副词
数词知识
中考求：
　　中考数词求：基数词表示数目号码法基数词表示年级班级房间编号法hundredthousandmillionbillion法序数词表示次序法分数表达方式法定冠词the序数词连知识点等
二知识点：
　　数词：表示数目少者序先词数词两种形式：表示数目少基数词例：onetwo二three三four四表示序先词序数词例：first第second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五
1基数词：
A 基数词构成：
(1) 1－12基数词：one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8nine 9　 ten 10　 eleven 11　 twelve 12
(2) 13－19基数词：分3－9基数词加词缀－teen注意特殊变化基数词：
13－thirteen15－fifteen 18－eighteen
(3) 20－90逢十基数词：分2－9基数词加－ty构成：

20－twenty30－thirty40－forty50－fifty60－sixty70－seventy80－eighty90－ninety（注意2030405080拼写特殊变化）
(4) 21－29基数词：十位数20单词形式twenty加位数1－9构成中间连字符：
21－twentyone22－twentytwo23－twentythree
24－twentyfour25－twentyfive26－twentysix
27－twentyseven28－twentyeight29－twentynine
十位数类推
(5) 百位数1－9加hundred构成例：200－two hundred百位数十位数位数三位数百位数十位数间and连接例：127－one hundred and twentyseven
(6) 千位数1－9加thousand构成面百位数十位数位数前面构成方法样
例：3000－three thousand1149－one thousand one hundred and fortynine
　　英语没万单位10000－ten thousand十万one hundred thousand百万单位million
B 基数词应点注意事项：
(1) 基数词表示年级班级房间号码电话号码编号单词开头字母写例：

I am in Class Five Grade Nine 九年级五班
Tomorrow we are going to learn Lesson Five 明天学第五课
(2) 基数词作数字句子中作语谓语动词第三称单数形式例：
In the western countries people think thirteen is unlucky number
　　　　西方国家认13吉利数字
　　　　代表数名词复数形式时复数例：
Two of them are from America 中两美国(Two Two people)
(3) 基数词单位hundredthousandmillionbillion等表示具体数目前面具体基数词时词面加－s例：
There are ten hundred students in our school 学校1000名学生
　　hundredthousandmillionbillion等表示具体数目时hundreds thousandsmillions billions of ＋名词表示词前面具体基数词例：
We have already planted thousands of trees on the farm
　　　　农场里已种植成千万棵树

2 序数词：
A 序数词构成：
(1) 1－19序数词第（first）第二（second）第三（third）外序数词基数词加缀－th构成例：第四－fourth第六－sixth第七－seventh等注意序数词特殊变化：fifth 第五eighth 第八ninth 第九twelfth 第十二
(2) 逢十序数词构成方法：先十基数词词尾ty变ti加eth
　　　　例：第20－twentieth第30－thirtieth第40－fortieth
(3) 两位数序数词果包含1－9位数十位数基数词位数序数词
　　　　例：第21－twentyfirst第34－thirtyfourth
(4) 百千万序数词hundred－hundredththousand－thousandth
B 序数词法：
(1) 序数词句子中作定语时作语宾语表语例：
The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant 第六走前摸象
I think the first is better than the second 认第第二

My sister is the fourth in this exam 妹妹次考试第四名
(2) 定冠词the序数词连表示序定冠词aan序数词连表示意思
例：
You are the second and I am the fourth 第二第四（表示序）
Can you do it a third time 做次？（已做两次）
3 分数表示法：
　　分数基数词代表分子序数词代表分母分子1情况外分母序数词复数
　　a half　 12　 one third　 13　 two thirds　 23　 a (one) quarter one fourth 14
　　分数句子中作语时候谓语动词单复数形式of面名词决定果of面名词数名词复数形式谓语动词复数形式果of面名词数名词谓语动词第三称单数形式例：
It is said that two thirds of information on the Internet is not true
　　说互联网三分二信息真实

Two fifths of the students in my class are from the village
　　班五分二学生村子
4 年月日时表示法
(1) 年代
890　 eight hundred and ninety　　　
1984　 nineteen eightyfour
2000　 two thousand　　　　　　　　　
2009　 two thousand and nine
1990’s (1990s)　 nineteen nineties　 二十世纪九十年代
(2) 日期 September 1 2009 读作：September the first two thousand and nine
(3) 时刻
数字写法
读法
　　8：00
　　810
　　815
　　830
　　840
　　845
　　eight o’clock
　　ten past eight
　　(a) quarter past eight
　　half past eight
　　twenty to nine
　　(a) quarter to nine
　　eight
　　eight ten
　　eight fifteen
　　eight thirty
　　eight forty
　　eight fortyfive
三易错点点拨：
1 基数词序数词法混淆
(1) My sister is ninth years old and she had a party for her
nine birthday last night
　　〔解析〕：句子考查基数词序数词法句子意思理解第划线部分表示年龄应该基数词第二画线部分序数词ninth表示昨天第九生日第画线部分改nine第二画线部分改ninth
(2) This is the three time you’ve made it wrong
　　〔解析〕句子考查序数词法句子意思理解序数词定冠词连表示第三次意思three改third
2 基数词名词构成合成词时误复数
My teacher is a twenty –fiveyearsold girl
　　〔解析〕句子考查：基数词＋单数名词＋形容词构成合成形容词法中间名词单数形式twenty –fiveyearsold改twentyfiveyearold
3 基数词表示编号时写误
—What class are you in —I am in class five
　　〔解析〕基数词表示年级班级房间号码等编号基数词名词第字母写class five改Class Five
4 hundred＼thousand类词单复数法混淆
(1) There are about hundred of children injured during this earthquake

　　〔解析〕句子考查hundredhundreds of法表示具体数目时候基数词单词连面加s表示约数时短语hundreds of表示成百千前面基数词句子意思理解表示约数hundred of改hundreds of
(2) More than two thousands yuan was stolen last night
　　〔解析〕句子考查thousandthousands of法表示具体数目时候基数词单词连面加s表示约数时短语thousands of表示成千成千万前面基数词句子意思理解表示具体数目thousands改thousand
5 分数法易错点例：
(1) I think two five of the students in our school are working hard at their lessons
　　〔解析〕句子考查分数表达法分子基数词分母序数词果分子1时候分母加s例：七分二 two seventhsfive改fifths
(2) About three fourths of water for the villagers are from this lake
　　〔解析〕句子考查分数法分数句中作语时面名词数名词复数形式谓语动词复数形式面名词数名词时谓语动词单数形式句子名词water数名词are改is

形容词副词知识
中考求：
　　形容词副词中考求：形容词改副词（根句子需）形容词副词较级高级某特殊变化形容词副词较级（little－less－least等）形容词级较（as so as法）形容词较级叠加句型（：The more you studythe better you will get）
二知识点：
1 形容词知识点
　　形容词：描写形容修饰名词类词数形容词具较级形容词位置般修饰名词前面形容词句子中般作定语表语宾语补足语等例：
I want to buy a green sweater 想买件绿色毛衣（定语）
Our headmaster is ill again校长生病（表语）
　　　　My dog’s death made me very sad (宾语补足语)
形容词种类般：
(1) 简单形容词：good green 绿色long 长bright 明亮
(2) 带前缀a形容词：例：afraid 害怕alike 相asleep 睡觉

(3) 动词分词构成形容词：interesting 兴趣exciting 令兴奋tired 疲劳spoiled 宠坏
(4) 复合形容词：
　 　 　数词＋名词＋形容词：fiveyearold　 五岁
　　 　 名词＋现分词：heart－breaking 令伤心
　　　　形容词＋现分词：good－looking 英俊
2 副词知识点
　　副词常作状语修饰动词者形容词副词整句子表示时间点程度方式等
　　例：
Your mother spoke to us politely 妈妈非常礼貌说话
Luckily we met our English teacher at the gate of the school
　　幸运校门口遇英语老师
　　副词作表语宾语补足语定语等副词作定语常需放修饰词面例：
Life here is busy and interesting 里生活繁忙趣
3 形容词副词较等级：
　　形容词副词般三等级原级较级高级般说表示两者等等程度时原级通常as + 形容词 副词原级 + as not as （so）+ 形容词 副词原级 + as 结构例：

My brother is as tall as I 弟弟样高
I will run as fast as I can 跑（跑速度样快）
It is not so hot in Beijing as in Wuhan 北京没武汉热
　　表示两者较时较级通常形容词 副词较级+than结构例：
I am much better than I was yesterday 昨天
Math is less interesting than English 数学英语兴趣
　　表示定范围两者较时高级通常the + 形容词 副词高级 （+名词） + of (in) 结构副词高级前省定冠词the例：
This is the busiest day of the week 周繁忙天
My sister sings best in my family 妹妹家唱歌
4 形容词副词较级变化：
规变化：
(1) 单音节词直接面加－er－est例：
　　　　tall－taller－tallest　　 hard－harder－hardest
(2) 字母e结尾单音节词面直接加－r－st例：brave－braver－bravest

(3) 辅音字母结尾闭音节单音节词双写辅音字母加－er－est例：
　 　　　big －bigger－biggesthot－hotter－hottest
(4) 辅音字母＋y结尾双音节词先y改i加－er－est例：
　　　　happy－happier－happiest
(5) 双音节词音节词前面加moremost例：
　　　　interesting－more interesting－most interesting
　　　　carefully－more carefully－most carefully
(6) 规变化：
goodwell－better－best 　
badill－worse－worst　　　
manymuch－more－most
little－less－least　　　　
far－farther－farthest　　
badly－worse－worst
5 形容词副词较等级法
(1) 级较结构as so＋原级＋as前面justalmostnearlyhalf等表示程度
例：

He doesn’t study half so hard as you 学努力程度半
(2) 两者相表示倍数时候twice (times) as＋原级＋as结构例：
His mistakes are twice as many as yours in the homework
　　　　家庭作业错误二倍
(3) 较级前面manymuchfara littlea bita lot等词修饰表示程度例：
The sun is much bigger than the earth 太阳球
We will come back a little later 会稍迟点回
(4) 较级前面anyno修饰例：
We were too tired to walk any farther 太疲劳走远
He was no longer a child 孩子
(5) 两形容词副词较级叠加表示越越意思
结构：较级＋and＋较级音节词more and more＋较级结构
例：
The days are getting longer and longer 天正变越越长
Your sister becomes more and more beautiful 妹妹变越越漂亮

(6) 果表示越……越……the＋较级……the＋较级……结构例：
The harder you works the more you will get 越努力学越
(7) 较双方属范围时候other者else排较
例：
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China 海中国城市
　　　　果较双方属范围时候存较情况
　　　　other者else例：
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang 海黑龙江城市
三易错点点拨：
1 较级形式误
(1) Your room is more and more dirty You had better clean it
　　〔解析〕句子考查形容词较级叠加法形容词dirty辅音字母+y结尾双音节词较级叠加more and more＋形容词应该dirtier and dirtiermore and more dirty改dirtier and dirtier
(2) Our school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful

　　〔解析〕句子考查形容词较级叠加法形容词beautiful音节形容词　 较级叠加more and more＋形容词结构掉第beautiful
2 较级修饰词法混淆
My English is very better than yours
　　〔解析〕句子考查形容词较级前修饰词法形容词较级前面manymuchfara littlea bita lot等词修饰表示程度veryvery改much
3 形容词副词较级高级法相混淆
I think the car is fastest of all the three
　　〔解析〕句子考查形容词高级法形容词高级前面定冠词the副词高级前定冠词thefastest前加the
4 较象致
The weather in Beijing is worse than Shanghai
　　〔解析〕句子考查形容词较级法两者相象必须致北京天气必须海天气相shanghai改that in Shanghaithat代文提weather避免重复
5 形容词副词法混淆

My English teacher always talks friendly with us 英语老师总友交谈
　　〔解析〕句子考查副词修饰动词法friendly形容词应friendly改in a friendly way
中考复系列四　 动词（）
动词形式
中考求：
　　中考求掌握动词形式：原形第三称单数形式现分词式分词重点考查第三称单数形式式现分词分词等外动词短语意义词性搭配更中考必考项目学仅记住固定动词搭配记住词义法尤纳动词短语意义日常学中逐步积累
二知识点：
1 动词原形：
　　动词原形to动词定式词典中出现动词原形式例：be （）work（工作）study（学）write（写）等动词原形法常中考考查法：
(1) 般现时中语第三称单数形式谓语动词接动词原形例：

We often watch TV at home after supper 　晚饭常家电视
(2) 句型why not面接动词原形表示建议例：
Why not go there on foot 什步行里？
(3) had better面动词原形
You’d better finish your homework before supper 晚饭前完成作业
(4) 句型Let somebody面接动词原形
Let’s play volleyball after school放学排球吧
(5) 感官动词役动词接动词原形作宾语补足语例：
Your words make me feel angry 话感生气
(6) 祈句开头动词原形例：
Come and buy your books at our book shop 书店买需书
(7) 情态动词例：
Can you swim across this river in an hour 时游条河？
(8) dowillwould等助动词动词原形
Did everybody want to go there last Monday 周想里？
2 第三称单数形式：

　　动词第三称单数形式句子语第三称单数形式谓语般现时谓语动词应该第三称单数形式动词原形面加s者es例：
　　My sister often watches TV with us at home 妹妹常起家电视
动词第三称单数形式构成：
(1) 般情况动词加字母－s例：
　　　　work－works　 write－writes　 take－takes
(2) 字母sxchsh结尾字母o结尾动词加es例：
watch－watches　 pass－passes　 catch－catches 　
do－does　 go－goes
(3) 辅音字母＋y结尾动词先字母y变i加es例：
　　　　carry－carries　 try－tries
3 现分词：
　　动词现分词形式动词原形＋ing构成般be动词连构成现进行时进行时作非谓语动词例：
The girl is studying English at home now女孩正家里学英语
I saw a boy lying on the ground 见男孩躺

现分词构成：
(1) 般情况直接加ing例：
　　　　buy－buying　 drink－drinking　 find－finding
(2) 发音字母－e结尾动词掉字母e加ing例：
　　take－taking　 come－coming　 become－becoming
(3) 重读闭音节结尾单词末尾辅音字母动词双写辅音字母加ing例：
sit－sitting　stop－stopping　 begin－beginning　
forget－forgetting
(4) 部分ie结尾单音节动词先ie变y然加－ing例：
　　　　die－dying　 tie－tying　 lie－lying
4式分词：
　　动词式分词中考重知识点动词式构成般时分词构成现完成时完成时动语态作非谓语动词规动词式分词变化：
(1) 般情况直接加ed例：
　　　　work－worked－worked　 help－helped－helped
(2) 发音字母e结尾动词直接加字母d例：
　　　　live－lived－lived　 like－liked－liked　

(3) 辅音字母＋y结尾动词先字母y变i加ed例：
carry－carried－carried　 study－studied－studied　
try－tried－tried　
(4) 重读闭音节结尾末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母然加ed例：
permit－permitted－permitted　
prefer－preferred－preferred
规变化：
　　英语中动词式分词规变化规变化动词二百频率特高规变化分种形式：
(1) A－A－A形式　 动词原形式分词三形式样例：
cut－cut－cut　　 put－put－put　　　cost－cost－cost　
let－let－let　　　 set－set－set　 　 hit－hit－hit
(2) A－B－B形式　 式分词样例：
bring－brought－brought　　 buy－bought－bought　　　 catch－caught－caught　 build－built－built　　　　 find－found－found　　　　 leave－left－left

(3) A－B－A形式　 动词原形分词样例：
come－came－come　　　 run－ran－run　　　
become－became－become
(4) A－B－C形式　 动词原形式分词样例：
begin－began－begun　　 do－did－done　　
go－went－gone　　 see－saw－seen
部分分两种：
A 分词动词原形基础变化例：
go－went－gone ( gonego变成 )　
rise－rose－risen ( risenrise变成 )
B 分词式变化例：
choose－chose－chosen　break－broke－broken
三易错点点拨：
1 动词原形第三称单数误例：
(1) The little boy do his homework with his students in the classroom
　　〔解析〕题考查动词第三称单数法句子语the little boy第三称单数形式谓语动词第三称单数形式do第三称单数形式doesdo改does

(2) Some students wants to go there by bus
　　〔解析〕题考查动词原形法句子语复数形式谓语动词原形wants改want
(3) My mother doesn’t often carries some water for us
　　〔解析〕题考查助动词does动词原形法应该carries改carry
2 动词原形现分词误例：
(1) Our teachers are watch the action movies in their offices now
　　〔解析〕题考查动词现分词现进行时法句意判断现分词be连构成现进行时watch改watching
(2) There are a lot of people work on the hill
　　〔解析〕题考查动词现分词法workthere be句型中作谓语根句意应该现分词作定语表示正工作work改working
(3) Why not coming here and watch TV with me
　　〔解析〕题考查动词原形法 why notwhy don’t you缩写形式面动词原形coming改come
3 动词原形式分词误例：
(1) My little sister goes to school last night

　　〔解析〕题考查动词般式法时间状语last night判断动词应该时goes改went
(2) My brother said that he had already went to Beijing
　　〔解析〕题考查完成时法宾语句时间状语already判断完成时完成时had+分词构成went改gone
(3) It is said that the movie was wrote by his mother
　　〔解析〕题考查动词动语态法宾语句语谓语动作动关系应该分词be动词连构成动语态wrote改written
动词分类
中考求：
　　中考年考查连系动词befeellooktastesmell等法物动词物动词法助动词dodoesdidhavehas法情态动词法
二知识点：
1物动词物动词
　　根动词句子中否接宾语动词分物动词物动词两种类型：
A 接宾语动词称物动词分单宾语物动词双宾语物动词复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）物动词等例：

My brother is flying the kite on the playground 弟弟正操场放风筝
　　（fly单宾语kite）
My mother gives me a new bike as the birthday present
　　妈妈辆新行车作生日礼物（give双宾语mea new bike）
The teacher made his students happy by doing some games
　　老师通做游戏学生高兴（made宾语his students宾语补足语happy）
注意1：双宾语动词间接宾语（）放直接宾语（事物）时间接宾语前加to常类词bringgivehand passpaypostreturnsellshowteachtellthrowlend等例：
Hand me that book please Hand that book to me please 请递书
　　双宾语动词间接宾语（）放直接宾语（事物）时间接宾语前加for常类词buychoosecookdrawbookfindgetmakeorder等例：
My mom bought me a nice backpack My mom bought a nice backpack for me
　　妈妈买书包

注意2：物动词动语态形式例：
A little girl opened the door 女孩开门（动语态）
The door was opened by a little girl 门姑娘开（动语态）
B物动词般接宾语时介词副词起接宾语例：
　The little boy runs quickly 孩子快速跑
　We arrived at the station at five 五点达车站
C数动词作物动词作物动词
　　　常类动词openclose startchangedriveplaymeetwinstudy等例：
　　　The girl turned her head and smiled 女孩子转头笑笑（turn物动词）
　　　She turned and walked back to the classroom 转身走回教室（turn物动词）
D物动词作物动词表示动意思时候句子语物例：
My books sold out in a week书星期卖完
2 连系动词
　　连系动词称系动词连接语表语表示语身份性质状态连系动词定词义完整单独做谓语必须表语连构成系表结构例：

You are a teacher but not a good one 老师老师
We feel very happy when we know it 知道时候非常高兴
英语常连系动词：
(1) 状态连系动词：表示语状态性质身份常be
　　　　My father is very strong 爸爸非常强壮
(2) 持续连系动词：表示继续保持种状态情况
　　常：stay （保持）remain （保持）continue （继续）等
(3) 表象连系动词：表示起概念词
　　常见 appear（起）seem（似）look（起）
　　　　Your mother looks much younger than I thought 妈妈想象年轻
(4) 感官连系动词：
　　常feel（摸起)taste（尝起)smell（闻起)sound（听起）look（起)
　　　The milk tastes a little sour 牛奶品尝起点酸
(5) 转变结果连系动词：become（变)get（成)grow（长)turn（变)go（变)等

　　　　Our village is becoming more and more beautiful 村庄正变越越漂亮
3助动词
　　助动词身没词意者意义完全单独作谓语动词起句子中作谓语帮助动词构成种时态语态等否定疑问强调等助动词：bedohaveshallwill等例：
　Will you have a sports meeting next week 星期举行体育运动会？
　Is your mother cooking？妈妈做饭？
　Don’t be late for class next time 次课迟
4 情态动词
　　情态动词般没称数变化句子中单独作谓语动词连作谓语表示说话语气情感情态动词：canmaymustneedwouldcouldmightdare等情态动词注意方面：
(1) 含must般疑问句肯定回答must否定回答needn’tdon’t have to表示必般mustn’tmustn’t表示禁止语气强例：

—Must I finish my homework now 必须现完成作业？
—No you needn’t 必
(2) may开头般疑问句肯定回答may否定回答mustn’t例：
　　—May I smoke here 里吸烟？
　　—No you mustn’t
(3) 表示性推测时can否定句疑问句cannot表示may陈述句may not表示must肯定句表示定准
You may be right or may not be right The news can’t be true 消息真
She must be angry 定生气
(4) need作情态动词否定句疑问句条件句表示需作实义动词名词代词定式动词ing形式等need开头般疑问句肯定回答must
You needn’t come if you are busy 果忙必（情态动词）
—Need I come tomorrow 明天需？
—No you needn’t Yes you must 没必 必须（情态动词）

　　He needs to get some sleep 需睡会（实义动词）
(5) used to 表示常常现常时间状语连否定形式usen’t to don’t use to般疑问句used提前Did … use to …
　　We used to go there every year 年
(6) have to意思接mustmust强调说话者观意愿have to强调客观必性常译成have to种时态疑问句否定句助do构成
　　Do you have to leave now 现必须走？
　　You don’t have to get up early 没必早起
(7) be able to表示具体力can法相can般现时般时be able to 更时态was were able to侧重力成功做成某事could表示具备某种力
　　The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out 道数学题难做出
三易错点点拨：
1 物动词物动词间误
(1) My teacher lies the book on the table
　　〔解析〕题考查物动词lay法句宾语book谓语动词应该物动词lie物动词应该形物动词lay

(2) The sun raises in the east and sets down in the west
　　〔解析〕题考查物动词raise物动词rise区句没宾语物动词raise物动词意思举起筹集表示太阳东方升起物动词riseraise改rise
2 连系动词法失误
(1) The food your mother makes for us eats well
　　〔解析〕题考查动词连系动词法区句子意思理解连系动词tastes表示尝起连系动词形容词作表语eats well改tastes good
(2) That kind of cakes is tasted very well
　　〔解析〕题考查动词连系动词法区taste连系动词没动语态形式is tasted改tastes
3 情态动词间误
(1) My little brother will can go to school next year
　　〔解析〕题考查情态动词canbe able to法canbe able to表示力时候can般现时般时be able to种时态will can变will be able to
(2) Look at that tall man He maybe our new teacher
　　〔解析〕题考查情态动词may be副词maybe区maybe副词相perhaps意思概许句子中作谓语may be情态动词maybe连句子中作谓语表示maybe改may be
中考总复五　 动词（）
英语时态
中考求：
　　英语动词时态十六种中考常考八种般现时般时现进行时进行时般时时现完成时完成时等时态构成法中难点般时完成时区
二知识点：
时态构成　 （speak例）
　　　式
　时
　 般
进　 行
完　 成
现　
speak speaks
am is are speaking
has have spoken
　
spoke
was were speaking
had spoken

shall will speak
is am are going to speak
should would speak

＼



was were going to speak

1 般现时法
（1）表示常发生动作者常存状态常表示时间状语oftenalwaysusuallysometimesevery day等连例：
My sister usually goes to school on foot 　姐姐常步行学
We often come to school at six in the morning 常早六点学校
（2）表示某种惯者力表示职业特征等例：
My mother often gets up very early in the morning 妈妈常早起床早
This kind of car runs very fast 种汽车跑非常快
（3）表示客观事实客观规律者客观真理例：
This kind of trees never grows in the desert 种树沙漠里生长
Do you know that knowledge is power 知道知识力量？
（4）时间条件步等状语句中表示动作例：

They’ll be so happy when I tell them 告诉时会高兴
If you aren’t here on time tomorrow I’ll write to your parents
　　　　 果明天准时父母亲写信
注意：
（1）般现时第三称单数：般现时中果句子语第三称单数形式谓语动词第三称单数形式例：
　　My father often watches TV after dinner at home 爸爸常晚饭家电视
（2）般现时谓语果实义动词否定句般疑问句助动词do第三称单数doesdoesn’t构成例：
　　My little brother doesn’t do his homework at school 弟弟学校做家庭作业
2 动词般时法：
（1）表示常发生动作者常存状态常表示时间状语yesterdayjust nowa moment agolast week year nightin 1985in those dayswhen I was at middle school等连例：
　　　　They went to college last year 年学
　　　　We had a good time in the park yesterday 昨天公园玩高兴

（2）表示接连发生系列动作例：
　　　 　We played football firstthen went boating and fishingand at last had a picnic there
　　　 　先踢足球然划船钓鱼里野餐
（3）时间条件步状语句中表示动作
She told me that she would not leave until I came back 告诉回会离开
注意：
（1）表示常反复动作现样做used to +动词原形表示例：
　　　　 I used to get up very late 总起床晚
（2）果句谓语动词现完成时since引导时间状语句般时例：
　　　　 We have made a lot of friends since we came here
　　　 　里已交朋友
（3）谈某出生日期常般时例：
　　　　 —When were you born 什时候出生？
　　　 　—I was born in 1983 出生1983年
3 现进行时法：

（1）表示说话时候正发生动作常时间状语nowat presentat this time moment等连例：
　The boys are playing football over there now 男孩子正边踢足球
　My father is watching TV with my mother now 爸爸正妈妈起电视
（2）表示现阶段正进行着动作定说话时正进行常nowthese days等时间状语连例：
　I am learning French in Beijing these days　 天正北京学法语
（3）瞬间动词现进行时表示般时表示……常表示时间状语常类动词comeleavegoarrivedie等例：
Hurry up The bus is coming 快点公汽车马开
He is coming back tomorrow 明天会回
4 进行时法：
　　表示说话某时候某阶段正进行动作特定时间文暗示外常表示时间状语thena moment agoat this time yesterdayat ten last nightat that time moment等连例：
　—What were you doing at this time yesterday 昨天时候正做什？

　—I was cooking with my mother 正妈妈起做饭
5 般时法：
　　表示发生动作者存状态常表示时间状语tomorrownext week year monththis afternoon eveningtonightin a few dayswhen he comes等连般时构成：1） willshall＋动词原形 2）be going to＋动词原形中shall第称will第二第三称例：
　　I’ll come and help you tomorrow 明天帮助
　　He will go to Beijing and see his father next week 星期北京爸爸
注意：
（1）shall般第称代词连构成shall I者shall we般疑问句询问方意图愿征求意等例：
　　　　 Shall we go swimming this afternoon 天午游泳？
（2）助动词shall引起般疑问句征求意时回答Yes you shall者No you shall not应该Yes please do者No please don’t 例：
　　　　 —Shall I close the window 窗户关？
　　　　 —No please don’t关

（3）be going to+动词原形常表示已决定安排做事表示必然发生事例：
　　　 　They are going to finish the work this evening 算天晚完成项工作
　　　 　It’s going to snow 雪
6 时法：
　　表示某时间发生动作者存状态第称should＋动词原形称would＋动词原形waswere +going +to ＋动词原形时常间接引语中句谓语动词般时例：
　Your father said he was going to visit your school next week
　　爸爸说星期学校参观
　They said they would come the next day　 说第二天回
7现完成时法：
（1）表示动作发生动作现造成影响者结果种影响者结果说话兴趣常状语already yet not… yet now just by this time等例：
　　The bus has come here 公汽车已
　　Someone has cleaned the window 已擦窗户
（2）表示已开始持续现继续动作常表示段时间状语连today this week month summer lately recently these days so far in the past few days since the end of last year for a long time等例：

We have lived here for two years 里住两年
注意：
（1）buyborrowdie等非延续性动词（称瞬间动词）肯定形式般表示段时间for短语since短语（句）连时相应动词代非延续性动词例：
　　(×) I have bought the bike for two years 买辆行车两年
　　(√) I have had the bike for two years
瞬间动词延续动词转换：
buy—have　 stop—be over　　　　
leave—be away　 　　 come back—be back　
borrow—keep 　　　 die—be dead 　　　　
begin—be on　　　　　fall asleep—be asleep
arrive—be here　　 get up—be up 　　　　
join—be in／be a member
例：
They borrowed the book two weeks ago．两星期前书

→ They have kept the book for two weeks．
A month has passed since he left home 离开家已月
→ He has been away from home for a month
（2）注意表示法含义法：
have been (to) （某）（表示某历）
have gone (to)：（某） （现已某）
have come (to)：（某） （现已某）
have been in… +段时间 已某段时间
例：
He has been to Hangzhou several times 杭州次
He has gong to Hangzhou so he can’t help us 杭州帮助
He has come to our city Let’s go to visit him 已城市拜访吧
She has been in London for half a year 伦敦已半年
（3）现完成时般时区：
　　现完成时强调动作现关系现产生结果影响等表示时间状语连般时表示事实表示现关系表示时间状语连例：
　　—Have you seen the film —Yes I have (表示结果：已解部电影)

　　—When did you see it —I saw it last Sunday (表示事实：做件事时间)
　　He has taught this class for two years （现教着者刚刚停止）
　　He taught this class for two years （教）
8 完成时法：
　　完成时现完成时法基相似表示某动作某时间前已完成现完成时现基准完成时某时刻基准见图：
　　　　　　　
　　例：
　　I had finished my homework before you came here
　　里前已完成家庭作业
　　完成时常by＋时间whenbefore等引导时间状语句连例：
　　The bus had already left by the time I got there达里前公汽车已开走
　　When we got there the film had already started达里时候电影已开始

　　含间接引语宾语句中句常般时句常完成时例：
　　He told me that he had already seen the film告诉已部电影
三易错点点拨：
1 助动词实义动词混淆
　　She doesn’t her homework at home
　　〔解析〕句般现时否定句语she第三称单数形式谓语动词构成否定句时候助动词doesn’t面加谓语动词原形dodoesn’t改doesn’t do
2 般现时现进行时混淆
　　Look All the boys play games under the tree
　　〔解析〕句子look判断句谓语时候正发生动作现进行时般现时然表示常性动作状态强调动作正进行play改are playing
3 般时忘记谓语时形式
　　Where does your father go last night
　　〔解析〕题考查动词般时法句子时间状语last night判断表示时间般时构成疑问句时候助动词did面动词原形does改did

4 般时完成时法混淆
　　We learned three hundred words in the last two years
　　〔解析〕题考查动词现完成时法句子时间状语in the last two years判断现完成时表示开始现学结果learned改have learned
5 瞬间动词作延续性动词
　　My mother has come back for a month
　　〔解析〕题考查现完成时法句子时间状语for a month判断表示已回月应该现完成时come瞬间动词肯定句中段时间连应该has come改has been back
6 时态状语句中误
　　We will call you when your father will come here
　　〔解析〕题考查时间状语句中般现时表示法句般时时间状语句般现时代will come改comes
7 宾语句中时态应
　　He asked us what we will do tomorrow
　　〔解析〕题考查宾语句中时态应句谓语动词般时宾语句中般相应时句中原般时般改成时外时间状语加调整原句应改：

　　He asked what we would do the next day
英语语态
中考求：
　　动词语态中考求掌握：动词动语态动语态形式
二知识点：
　　英语动词两种语态：动语态动语态动语态表示句子语谓语动作执行者动语态表示句子语谓语动作承受者例：
　　常擦黑板
　　We often clean the blackboard（擦黑板执行者动语态）
　　The blackboard is often cleaned by us （黑板clean承受者动语态）
　1 动语态构成：
　　动语态be＋动词分词构成种时态
（1）般现时动语态：amisare＋分词例：
　　The song is often sung by the little boys 首歌常男孩子唱

（2）般时动语态：waswere＋分词例：
　　The school was built in 1974 学校1974年建
（3）般时动语态：will be＋分词例：
　　A big factory will be built in our village next year 村庄明年建工厂
（4）现进行时动语态：amisare+being＋分词例：
　　A new road is being built in my village now 条新路正村庄建设
（5）进行时动语态：waswere + being＋分词例：
　　Many boys were being taken to the hospital when we got there
　　 达里时候许男孩子正送医院
（5）现完成时动语态：have been + 分词例：
　　More and more trees have been planted on the hill 越越树已栽山
（6）含情态动词动语态：情态动词＋be＋分词例：
　　These books must be taken to the classroom 书必须马带教室里
2 动语态两注意事项：

（1）动词没动语态形式：
　　　 　A物动词happen
　　　 　B连系动词look feel smelltaste
　　　 　C表示状态词have（拥）
An accident was happened yesterday（×）昨天发生起事
应该：An accident happened yesterday
　　　 The flower smells sweet花闻起香 　
　　　 This book sells well书畅销
（2）带复合宾语感官动词feelsee hearwatch noticelisten to等役动词let makehave动词help变成动语态时动句中省略作宾语补足语定式符号to必须加
I saw him cross the street (动) 见马路
He was seen to cross the street (动) 马路
三易错点点拨：
1 动语态动语态法混淆
（1）The door locks by the boy just now
　　〔解析〕句语the door执行面动作lock动作承受者动语态形式just now意思刚应该般时locks改was locked

（2）I won’t come to her party because I didn’t invite
　　〔解析〕句子意思判断没邀请动语态形式动语态否定形式应该be动词加notdidn’t改wasn’t invited
（3）What were happened to you last night
　　〔解析〕题考查动词物happen法happen表示偶然发生事情动词没动语态were happened改happened
（4）The shop is closed at nine every evening
　　〔解析〕题考查物动词close法close里指商店停止营业强调某做关门动作作物动词没动语态应is closed 改成closes
2 带含to定式复合宾语句子变成动句时加to
　　The little boy was made do a lot of exercises on Sunday
　　〔解析〕题考查定式作补足语法make sb do sth句型中省略to定式作宾语补足语果句子变成动句必须加todo改成to do
3 动词短语变成动句时遗漏介词副词
　　This book is often referred in English class
　〔解析〕动词短语变成动句时注意保持短语完整性动词原介词副词遗漏句中表示书常英语课中提应该白referred加torefer to 提

非谓语动词　
中考求：
　　非谓语动词中考常考查动词定式法动名词法非谓语动词某动词固定搭配等
二知识点：
1 定式
　　定式基形式to+动词原形时省略to定式否定形式not+定式定式句子中单独作谓语做语表语宾语定语状语宾语补足语等
（1）作语：动词定式作语时常形式语it放句子开头真正语定式放句子面
　To learn English is not easy 学英语容易
　It is very easy to climb that small hill 爬山非常容易
（2）作表语：
Your job is to look after these babies 工作婴
The most important things during the earthquake are to save lives

　　 　　震中重事情救
（3）作宾语：定式作宾语时果面宾语补足语定式放句未宾语位置it代
My teacher likes to play with the children 老师喜欢孩子玩
He feels it his duty to help others 认帮助责（4）作宾语补足语：常want wish ask encourageorder tell know allow help advise wait for等动词动词短语
The doctor asked him to take off his coat 医生脱掉外衣
The father doesn’t allow his children to wear that kind of clothes
　　　 　位父亲允许孩子穿样衣服
（5）作定语：定式作定语通常放修辞名词者代词面例：
Do you have anything to say for yourself 什话说？
（6）作状语：表示目结果原等例：
I came here to see your mother 里妈妈
He is too young to help me 太帮
注意：特殊疑问词＋动词定式：特殊疑问词whowhatwhichwhenwherehow面动词定式例：
　I don’t know what to do next 知道步该办

　I asked the teacher how to learn English问老师学英语
2 动名词知识点：
　　动名词动词原形面加词尾－ing动词现分词样动名词具动词名词特征动名词面宾语状语例：
Would you mind my smoking here 里吸烟介意？
　　动名词句子中作语宾语定语等例：
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes 电视太眼睛害
I knew her at the waiting room in that hospital 家医院候诊室里认识
　　动名词作表语现进行时结构样性质样例：
My job is washing clothes 工作洗衣服
My mother was washing clothes now 妈妈正洗衣服
3 现分词分词：
　　分词现分词分词两种形式现分词动词原形＋ing构成 动词性质面状语宾语例：
Going down town ( When I was going down town) I met a friend

　　市区时遇朋友
　　现分词形容词性质句子中作定语表语等成分较级形式very等副词修饰例：
Your father is a modest understanding man 爸爸谦虚理解
This story is very interesting 事非常兴趣
　　分词规变化规变化两种形式规变化动词原形面加－ed规变化请参课规动词表分词句子中作定语表语状语等成分相关名词动关系　
The glass is broken 玻璃杯子坏
Don’t read in a moving car or bus 开动汽车读书
Have you read the novel written by your father 爸爸写说？
4 需注意问题：
（1）动词接定式作宾语：agree (意)offer (提出) plan (算计划) ask (求)promise (答应)help (帮忙) prepare (准备)decide (决定)refuse (拒绝)dare (敢)choose (选择)wishhope（希）wantwould like (想)等
We all agreed to go to the zoo on Sunday 意周日动物园

Do you want to go with us 想起？
（2）动词接动名词作宾语初中常见动词：mind finish dislike enjoy keep suggest等外介词面动名词作宾语prevent sb from look forward to succeed inbe used to(惯) 等短语
I enjoy playing the piano very much 非常喜欢弹钢琴
We are looking forward to seeing you soon 渴久见
（3）动词接定式动名词作宾语区例：
　　A remember to do 记做某事　　　　(未做)
　　　remember doing　记做某事　　　 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school 记着放学趟邮局
Don’t you remember seeing the man before 记前见
　　 B forget to do　忘记做某事　(未做)
　　　 forget doing　忘记做某事　　(已做)
The light in the office is still on He forgot to turn it off
　　　　　　办公室灯亮着忘记关(没做关灯动作)

He forgot turning the light off 忘记已关灯 ( 已做关灯动作)
　　 C stop to do sth 停做某事
　 　　stop doing sth 停止做某事
The students stop to listen to their teacher 学生停听老师讲话
The students stopped talking　 学生停止谈话
　　 D need to do 需做…… 表示动语态语
　　　 need doing 需做 表示动语态语物
You need to get up early 需早起
The window needs cleaning 窗户需（）擦
（4）动词接定式动名词作宾语意义基样：like love hate prefer begin start continue等
A like love hate prefer 英国英语中稍区接 to do 强调次性动作接doing强调惯性爱
　　 　I like singing but I don＇t like to sing for you
B beginstart身进行式时面接定式
　　　 He is beginning to see his mistakes 开始错误
三易错点点拨：
1 动词作谓语非谓语分辨清
(1) It is very difficult for you finish the work

　　〔解析〕题考查动词定式作语法finish句子中谓语谈题真正语it形式语应该定式finish改to finish
(2) Eat a lot of vegetables is good for your health
　　〔解析〕题考查动名词法动词原形句子中作语动词定式者动名词作语Eat改Eating
(3) We have a lot of homework do today
　　〔解析〕题考查动词定式作定语法动词原形修饰名词homework动词定式句子中作定语表示做do改to do
(4) We have already seen the film direct by Zhang Yimu
　　〔解析〕题考查动词分词法direct句子谓语前面名词动关系分词句子中作定语修饰前面名词direct改directed
(5) The machines are made work at full speed
　　〔解析〕题考查动词定式作补足语法make sb do sth变成动句定式符号to加应该work改成to work
(6) Thank you for help me
　　〔解析〕题考查动名词作介词宾语法介词接动词ing形式处动名词应该help改成helping

2 定式动名词作宾语误
(1) I remember to put down his telephone number Oh look It’s here
　　〔解析〕题考查动名词作宾语法remember to do意思记住做……第二句中出记电话号码to put改putting
(2) Would you like coming my home for dinner
　　〔解析〕题考查定式法would like 接定式接动名词coming 改成 come
中考总复六 重点介词连词
　　　　　　　　　　　
重点介词
中考求：
　　中考中介词考查体现单项选择完形填空中涉题目考查范围广考查介词基意义意义相介词辨析固定搭配等
二知识点：
1 介词概念
　　介词种虚词般名词代词等前面表示面名词者相名词词短语句子成分关系句子中单独作句子成分需面词充句子成分介词面名词者相名词词短语介词宾语作介词宾语词通常：

1）名词代词句例：
　　　 He lives near the school 居住学校附
　　　 Our teacher was very angry with him 老师非常生气
2）动名词例：
　　　 They have a good idea for solving this problem 解决问题方法
3）动词定式（仅限介词butexcept）例：
　　　 I want nothing except to sleep 睡觉什想做
2 介词种类
1）根结构分类
　　简单介词：词构成单介词例：foratinonofto等
　　复合介词：两词组合起介词称合成介词例：
　　　　　　　without inside outside into within
　　短语介词：短语构成介词例：because ofaccording tothanks to等

2）根意义分类
　　表示点介词：atbehindbesidearoundnearonbyin front ofacross等
　　表示时间介词：aboutatafterbeforebyduringinoverpastsinceuntil等
　　表示原介词：forwithfrom等
　　表示手段方式介词：byinwith等
　　表示介词：butexceptbesides等
　　表示含义介词：about (关约) on (关) without (没) off (……离开) instead of (代) with ()等
3 介词短语功
　　介词介词宾语起构成介词短语介词短语句子中作列成分：
1）作表语：
　　　 She looks like an actress 演员
　　　 What’s the book about 书讲什？
2）作宾语补足语：
　A cold kept him in bed for a week 感卧床周
　I found my mother on the bus 发现妈妈公交车
3）作状语：
　I will wait for you until tomorrow 等明天
　The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face

　　　 位老师面带笑容进教室
4）作定语：
　　　 A friend in need is a friend indeed 患难见真情
4 中考中常考查组介词法
1) 时间介词at in on：
　　表示具体时间点（点钟）周末前面介词at例：
　　I usually get up at six in the morning 通常早六点起床
　　I wasn’t here at that time 时没里
注意：
at dinner time （吃）晚饭时 at night 夜间
at weekends the weekend 周末
　　表示特定日子某月某日星期节日等时间前面者某天早午晚前面介词on例：
We can play football on Sunday 星期天踢足球
They came to my house on a cold winter morning 寒冷早晨家
　　表示较长段时间段名词短语前常in早午晚某月某年等例：

　　I was born in May 出生五月
　　They came here in 1998 1998年里
　　What are you going to do in the winter holiday 寒假算做什？
注意
　　表示午午晚名词前般介词in具体某天午午晚介词on
　　 in the morning 午 on Monday morning 星期午
2）时间介词forsince
　　for since引导时间状语延续意for +时间段表示（延续）久since +时间点表示某时延续现段时间
　　They have lived in China for ten years 北京住十年
　　She has worked here since last year 年起里工作
3）时间介词inafter
　　in+时间段表示现算起段时间般时after+时间段表示算起段时间般时外after接具体时间时
　　He’ll be back in three hours 三时回

　　He came back after three hours三时回
　　He’ll be back after 3 o’clock 三点会回
4) 方位介词atinonto
　　表示某点位置者具体位置at例：
　　 We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain 山脚举行野餐
　　表示某范围方位介词in例：
　　 Shandong lies in the east of China 山东省中国东部（山东省中国范围）
　　表示某范围外方位介词to例：
　　 Japan lies to the east of China 日中国东部（日中国范围外）
　　表示两者相互接触强调条线者面介词on例：
　　 Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu 山东省江苏省北部（两省接壤）
5) 点介词inon under above over below
　　表示物体物体面介词on例：
　　 There is a book on the desk 课桌书（书课桌表面）
　　表示物体物体里面介词in例：
　　 There are some dumplings in the bowl 碗里水饺（水饺碗里面）

　　表示物体物体方（般正方）介词under例：
　　 There is a ball under the chair 椅子面球（球椅子面）
below意思……指范围较宽定某物正方例：
　　 From the plane we could see the whole town below us
　　 飞机面城镇全貌
　　表示物体物体方非垂直含义介词above 反义词below
　　 His room is above ours 房间面
　　表示物体物体正方介词over时覆盖越意例：
　　 His room is over ours 房间头间
　　 There is a big bridge over the river 河座桥（桥河面）
6) 方位介词betweenamong
　　between表示两者间among表示三者者三者间例：
　　It’s a secret between you and I 间秘密 　 7) 表示工具手段材料inbywith

　　in表示某种语言名词连表示某种语言例：
　　 Can you answer my question in English？英语回答问题？
　　in表示某种工具者材料意思例：
　　 Don’t write in pencil Please write in ink 铅笔写请钢笔写
　　by指方法手段by表示交通工具名词连时中间冠词例：
My father often goes to work by bus 爸爸常坐公汽车班
He made a living by selling newspapers 卖报生
　　with表示助某种具体工具身体部位例：
　　 We write with our hands 手写字
　　 I cut the cake with a knife 刀子切开蛋糕
8) 方位介词acrossthroughpast
　　表示某物体表面横穿介词across例：
　　 They swam across the river 游河
　　某物体里面者定范围穿横介词through例
　 The boys go through the forest quickly 男孩子快速穿树林

　　旁边past例：
　　 They drove past a big supermarket 开车家超市
9）except besides
　　except表示……外（）宾语排整体外besides表示……外（）宾语包括整体
　　All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom
　　汤姆外学参加运动会（汤姆没参加）
　　We need three more boys besides Tom
　　汤姆外需三男学（需汤姆）
三易错点点拨：
　　介词容易出错方述介词法混淆固定搭配中误例：
1) I usually play football with my friends in Sunday afternoon
　　〔解析〕题考查介词法表示早午晚介词in表示具体某天早午晚介词onin改on

2) Guang Dong is in the south of Beijing
　　〔解析〕表示方位介词inonto范围in广东北京范围in改to
3) I was born at July 1st 1997
　　〔解析〕表示某日者某日早午晚介词on句子1997年7月1日表示具体天介词on需at改on
4) —How do you go to work？—I often go to work by my father’s car
　　〔解析〕表示坐某种交通工具介词by＋表示交通工具名词中间冠词果名词前修饰词by题应该by改in

5) We are asked to explain the work with English
　　〔解析〕表示某种语言介词in句子意思理解介词in English连表示英语解释意思with改成in
6) They have learned a lot of subjects except English and Chinese
　　〔解析〕表示外两介词exceptbesidesexcept包括意思整体中排except面者物体beside表示外包括意思表示原基础加besides面者物体题中except改besides

7) It is very clever for your brother to do the work like this
　　〔解析〕句型It is+形容词＋offor ＋somebody ＋to do something中offor取决形容词果形容词描述物性格特征面形容词语表语关系介词of果形容词描述物性格特征面形容词没语表语关系介词forfor改of：
　　It’s important for you to come on time
8) At the end we came to the top of the mountain
　　〔解析〕题考查介词固定搭配at the end of …表示……末句中应该in the end表示应该at改成in
重点连词
中考求：
　　通连词考查句子整体理解年高考热点两分句逻辑关系结合连词考查状语句连词具体意义等常考查重点连词andbutorwhilehowever引导句连词ifwhetherbeforeafter等
二知识点：

1 连词概念
　　连词连接单词短语句者句子种虚词句子中单独作句子成分般重读连词基分：
　　1) 简单连词：：orandbutifbecause
　　2) 关联连词：：bothandnot only…but also…
　　3) 短语连词：：as ifas long asin order toso that
2 连词法
A 列连词
1) 表示行者等关系常andsonot only…but also…（仅…………）both…and…(两者……)neither…nor…（………）等 例：
Not only does he love the teachers but also the teachers love him
　 　　爱老师老师爱
2) 表示转折关系常butyet（然）while（然）等例：
I am poorbut I am very happy 贫穷愉快
3) 表示选择关系常oreither…or…（者……者……）not …but …(…………)等例：
You may go with usor you may stay at home 者起者呆家里

4) 表示果关系常：for ()so（）等时for放句首
He must sleep for his room is dark 定睡房间暗
B 属连词
1) 引导时间状语句常：beforeafterwhenwhileuntilsinceas soon as等
I will come to tell you as soon as it comes out 结果出告诉
2) 引导原状语句常：because（）as（）since（然）
Because it was too late we took a taxi 天晚辆出租车
3) 引导结果状语句常：so… that（……致）such…that（……致）so that（结果……）等
She was so careless that she forgot to write her name on the paper
　 　　粗心忘记卷子写名字
4) 引导条件状语句常：ifunless（非）as long as（）等例：
We will come here if it is fine tomorrow 果明天天气话里

5) 引导步状语句常：thoughalthougheven if（）however（样）等
例：
We were still working though it was very late 晚然工作
6) 引导较状语句常：asthanso as…asmore than例：
This book is more interesting than that one 书更兴趣
7) 引导点状语句常：where wherever等例：
　 　　Please stay where you are 请呆现方
8) 引导名词性句（宾语句）常：thatifwhetherwhowhomwhatwhichwhosewhenwherewhyhow例：
Can you tell me when they got there 告诉什时候里？
I think that he’ll be back soon 认久会回
连词时注意事项：
1）not only… but also… neither… nor … either … or… not … but…接语时谓语动词原处理
Not only you but also he has to leave 离开
Either you or I am wrong 错错
Not money but workers are what we need 需钱工
2）祈句+and or +简单句前面祈句表示条件面简单句表示结果or意思否
Hurry up and we’ll catch the bus 快点赶车
Hurry up or we’ll be late 快点否会晚
3）英语中表示果关系连词引导原状语句连词般时样引导步状语句连词表示转折关系连词连点汉语完全
　　Though he is young he can help his mother a lot
　　然妈妈帮忙（but）
　　It was too hot in the room so he took off his coat
　　房间里热脱掉外套（because）
三易错点点拨：
1 Because he was ill so my father didn’t come to my party
　　〔解析〕句子意思理解句果关系英语中becauseso般连掉so
2 Both you and he has to go there on foot
　　〔解析〕表示列关系连词both…and连接语时谓语动词应该复数has改have

3 I am ill and I still go to school
　　〔解析〕前两句子意思理解转折关系连词but表示转折表示病然学and改but
4 —Which do you like better tea and coffee —I like tea better than coffee
　　〔解析〕问句前半句Which do you like better判断面连词or表示选择关系and改or
5 My brother likes swimming better to studying
　　〔解析〕句子意思理解连词than引导表示较状语句to改thanprefer… to…固定搭配表示……相更喜欢……
6 We want to know as your father will come to our party tomorrow
　　〔解析〕句子意思理解出We want to know面宾语句as引导宾语句应该连词ifwhether表示否when表示什时候引导宾语句as改ifwhetherwhen
　　　　　
中考复系列七 句子
句子种类法
中考求：

　　简单句基句型There be句型英语学基础重点中考试卷重点书面表达句子改写翻译句子中常考查关句子知识感叹句疑问句宾语句状语句等更单项选择句型转换重点复时关注重点
二知识点：
　　句子具定语法结构语调表达较完整独立意义结构句子开头第字母写句子末尾标点符号
1句子种类 —— 途分：
　　句子途分四种：陈述句疑问句祈句感叹句
A 陈述句：陈述件事情者某种事实观点句子陈述句分肯定句否定句两种形式例：
肯定句：They often go to school on foot 通常步行学
否定句：My father doesn’t watch TV at home after supper 爸爸晚饭家电视
B 疑问句：提出疑问句子分：般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句四种类型例：
1) 般疑问句：够Yes者No回答疑问句般疑问句肯定回答Yes否定回答No

般疑问句结构：Be＋语＋表语＋……？者：助动词情态动词 ＋语＋谓语＋……？例：
　 　　　 －Are you a teacher 老师？
　 　　　 －Yes I am
　 　　　 ：－No I am not
　 　　　 —Does your mother go shopping on Sunday 妈妈星期天购物？
　 　　　 －Yes she does 常购物
　 　　　 ：－No she doesn’t常购物
　 　　　 —Must we go at once 必须立刻走？
　 　　　 —Yes we must 必须走
　 　　　 ： —No we needn’t 没必
注意：般疑问句表示肯定否定词回答certainly(然) surely(然) of 　 course(然)I think so（想）all right(吧) certainly not(然) not at all(点) never()sorry(抱歉)not yet(没) I’m afraid not(恐怕)等
2) 特殊疑问句：句子某特殊部分提问句子特殊疑问句特殊疑问句般降调结构：特殊疑问词＋般疑问句（＋……）？回答Yes者No根询问容具体回答例：
－Where were you at that time 时里？I was at home 家

常疑问代词who（谁）whom（谁）whose（谁）which（）what（什）疑问副词when（时）where（）why（什）how（）how+形容词构成短语例：
Who is your teacher 谁老师？（指作语）
Whom did you telephone to just now 刚谁电话？（指作宾语）
Whose coat is this 谁衣？（作定语）
Which child knows the answer 孩子知道答案？（作定语）
What class are you in 班？（指物作定语）
When will you arrive 什时候？（提问时间）
Where has he gone 里？（提问点）
Why are you late again 什迟？（提问原）
How do you often go to school 常学？ （提问方式）
How far is it from your house to your school (how far 提问距离)
How often does he go to the French club 长时间次法语俱乐部？(how often 提问频率)
3) 选择疑问句：选择疑问句提供两种者两种情况问方选择种结构般疑问句特殊疑问句间连词or链接选择疑问句yes者no回答必须选择中回答例：

　—Shall we go there by bus or on foot 坐公汽车步行？
　—We’ll go by bus 坐公汽车
　—Which do you like better tea or coffee茶咖啡更喜欢种？
　—I like tea better 更喜欢茶
4) 反意疑问句：附加疑问句陈述句面加简短问句陈述句说事实者观点提出疑问希陈述句部分容证实结构肯定陈述句+否定问句+否定陈述句+肯定问句+？例：
You are coming aren’t you 会？
You can’t swim can you 会游泳？
Her brother went to college last year didn’t he 哥哥年学？
注意：
①陈述部分句带no never nothing nowhere hardly seldom few little等否定词半否定词时附加问句肯定形式例：
You hardly speak English do you 说英语？
They have few friends here have they 里没朋友？
②There be句型反意疑问句附加问句there
There will be a party tomorrow won’t there 明天晚会？
③陈述部分复合句附加问句般句致陈述部分I’m sure I’mafraid I (don’t) think believe… +宾语句结构时附加问句应句致注意否定转移现象
He said he was late for class didn’t he 说课迟？
I don’t think he is good at math is he 认擅长数学样？（否定转移）
④反意疑问句答语般根事实yesno引导简单问句回答汉语翻译时英语致
例：
—She can’t swim can she 会游泳？
—Yes she can 会
—You weren’t here yesterday are you 昨天没里？
—No I wasn’t
C祈句：祈句表示请求命令劝告建议等语气句子祈句语般第二称you省略谓语般动词原形否定句助动词don’t＋动词原形＋例：

　 　Don’t be late next time 次迟
　 　Open the door please 请开门
　 　时候祈句面附加疑问句加强语气例：
　 　Don’t tell it anyone will you 告诉？
D感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情句子感叹句感叹句末尾感叹号句子开头常what者how
　 How感叹句中修饰形容词副词谓语动词等例：
　 　　How beautiful the skirt is 条裙子漂亮呀
　 　　How tall your brother is哥哥高呀
　 　　How time flies 时间真快呀
　 　　what感叹句修饰名词果名词数名词单数形式what＋aan＋名词＋语＋谓语果数名词者数名词复数形式What＋形容词＋名词＋语＋谓语例：
What a tall boy your brother is 哥哥高男孩
What beautiful pictures they are 图画美丽呀
注意：whathow引导感叹句时互换注意词序变化例：
　 　　聪明孩子
What a clever boy he is How clever a boy he is
　 　　　 　　　 　 How clever the boy is
2 句子种类 —— 结构分：
　　句子结构分三种类型：简单句列句复合句
A 简单句：简单句句子语谓语简单句五种基句型：
1) 语＋谓语：种句型称谓结构（S+V）谓语般物动词例：
　 　　The rain stopped 雨停
　 　　Things have changed now 现事情发生变化
2) 语＋连系动词＋表语：种句型称系表结构（S+L+P）连系动词形式种谓语动词表语般名词者形容词例：
　 　His father is a teacher 爸爸老师（表语名词）
　 　Your mother is very young 妈妈年轻（表语形容词）
3) 语＋谓语＋宾语：种句型称谓宾结构（S+V+O）谓语动词物动词宾语般直接宾语例：

　 　They often speak English at the meeting 会常说英语
　 　The house caught fire 房子着火
4) 语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语：种句型称谓宾宾结构（S+V＋O+O）谓语动词必须双宾语动词两宾语中表示事物直接宾语表示间接宾语例：
　 My father gave me a pen last night 昨天晚爸爸支钢笔
　 I will write you a letter when I get there 里时写信
5) 语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语：种句型称谓宾补结构（S+V+O+C）谓语动词必须复合宾语物动词例：
　 　　I find him very clver 发现聪明
　 　　Your words make me angry 话生气
B 列句：两者两简单句列连词连起构成列句简单句意义等重相互间没属关系行列关系列句结构：简单句＋连词＋简单句列连词：and but or so等例：
I like thrillers and I like action movies too 喜欢恐怖片喜欢动作片

The fish must stay in water or they will die 鱼必须呆水里否会死
It’s very expensive but not very good 贵
C 复合句：句者句构成句子复合句句全句子体通常独立存句句子成分单独存例：
He asked me if I could help him the next day 问第二天否帮助
引导句连词：
　　属连词：ifbecausealthoughas等
　　疑问代词：whowhichwhomwhose
　　疑问副词：whenwherehowwhy
　　关系代词：whowhich whom whosethat
　　关系副词：whenwherewhy
三易错点点拨：
1 列连词失误例：
1）I’d like to go shopping with you and I’m too busy
　　〔解析〕题考查连词法句子意思理解想起买东西忙两句子关系判断连词but表示转折关系and改but
2）Look left and right before you cross the road but you may be hit by the car

　　〔解析〕题连词法句子意思理解穿马路前左右否会车撞两句子关系判断连词or表示转折关系but改or
3）My sister works hard or she does quite well in her studies
　　〔解析〕题考查连词法句子意思理解妹妹学努力功课非常两句子关系判断连词so表示果关系or改so4）I invited to come to my birthday party he refused
　　〔解析〕题考查连接列句连词法两句子果列关系应加连词构成列句里两句子转折关系应该句前加but
2 感叹句引导词失误例：
　　How great changes we have had these years
　　〔解析〕题考查感叹句法复数名词数名词前what引导感叹句How改成What
3 附加疑问句失误例：
1）There are many apples on the tree do they
　　〔解析〕题考查反意疑问句法前面句子肯定形式面句子否定形式there be句型反意疑问句附加问句there句子语前面句子谓语动词are面附加疑问句aredo they改成aren’t there
2）The boy can hardly speak English can’t he
　　〔解析〕题考查反意疑问句法前面句子hardly表示否定面句子肯定形式can’t改can
3）I don’t think she is a good girl do I
　　〔解析〕题考查反意疑问句法前面句子否定形式否定面句前面句子含宾语句复合句句I don’t think面反意疑问句宾语句语谓语保持致do I改is she
初中三句
中考求：
　　宾语句定语句状语句法中考热点考查三种句引导词选择宾语句语序时态状语句考查时间状语句条件状语句果状语句特条件状语句时态so… that引导结果状语句目状语句等
二知识点：
1 宾语句：
　　句子中起宾语作句宾语句中考考查知识点三：引导词语序时态

　　宾语句引导词三种：1）that2）whether if3）特殊疑问词What when where who等例：
　He said that he could help me 说够帮助
　Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week
　　妈妈问星期否完成工作
　Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？
　　告诉运动会什时候开始？
1) that引导宾语句：
　　　 that引导宾语句般陈述句充引导词that没实际意义句中作成分that省略句成分齐全句意完整
　Do you think (that) it will rain 认天会雨？
　He said (that) he could come on time 说会准时
2) whetherif引导宾语句：
　　　 属连词if whether引导名词句般疑问句选择疑问转化变成句语序原倒装语序变成陈述语序whetherif意思否
Let us know whether if you can finish the work before Friday　
　　　 请知道否星期五前工作做完
I don’t care whether you like the story or not 否喜欢事
注意：

情况般whetherif
① 接带to动词定式
　　　 She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo 知道动物园
② or not连时
　　　 I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time 否准时说准
3) 含疑问意义连接词引导宾语句：
　　　 类宾语句原特殊疑问句变成宾语句陈述语序wh开头疑问词引导wh词包括who whom whose what which等连接代词where when how why等连接副词引导词意思句中作相应成分省略例：
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to 请问走门？
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here 没告诉里呆长时间
注意：
what引导宾语句时两种含义什……东西 事情等例：
　　In one’s own home one can do what one likes　家里心欲

　　（what意思……事情）
Can you tell me what we can do for you？请问做点什？
　　（what意思什）
宾语句三注意事项：
1）语序：whether if疑问词引导宾语句陈述语序原倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应助动词动词变化等例：
两简单句合成复合句：
Where does your father work Can you tell us ─→
Can you tell us where your father works 告诉爸爸里工作？
Did you get home very late He asked me ─→
He asked me if I got home very late 问否家晚
2）时态应：果句般现时宾语句根实际情况种时态例：
My teacher says he will be back in a week 老师说星期回（般时）
My teacher says he is watching TV 老师说正电视 （现进行时）
My teacher says he has seen the movie 老师说已部电影（现完成时）

果句般时宾语句相应时态例：
My father said he was watching TV at that time 爸爸说时候电视（进行时）
My father said the he had already seen the movie 爸爸说已部电影（完成时）
果宾语句表示客观真理规律句子时般现时例：
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth
老师告诉太阳球（般现时）
3) 否定转移：
　　　 句果I think believe imagine suppose guess expect等句否定般转移句中反意疑问句句致例：
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute 认会等分钟
I don’t believe he did this did he 相信会做样事会？
2 定语句：
　　作定语句定语句定语句般放修饰名词代词面名词代词先行词引导定语句连接词称关系代词者关系副词关系代词句中代表先行词作语宾语定语等关系副词代表先行词句中作状语
关系词
词形
修饰先行词
句中作成分
关系代词
who

语宾语表语
whom

宾语
which
物
语宾语表语
that
物
语宾语表语
whose
物
定语
关系副词
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
点名词
点状语
why
原名词
原状语
1）选出正确关系代词关系副词关键：①修饰物②代表先行词定语句中做什成分例：
Do you know the man whothat sells eggs to me 认识卖鸡蛋？
　 　（修饰词the man句中作语who that）
Your father was not on the train that which arrived just now
　 　　爸爸刚达火车
　 　　(先行词物whichthat句中作语)

This is the book (which that) you wanted 正书
　 　　(先行词物whichthat句中作宾语省)
Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor 认识父亲医生男孩？
　 　　(先行词whose代表男孩句中作定语)
You can go home where you can have a rest 回休息家中
　 　　(先行词点where相at home句中作点状语)
Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day？
　 　　记常挨饿年？
　 　　 (先行词时间when相in the year句中作时间状语）　 　　 Do you know the reason why she didn’t come to our party？
　 　　知道没参加聚会原？
　 　　(先行词原why相for the reason句中作原状语）
2）引导词作宾语时省略例：
Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？昨天书？
3）引导词定语句中作语省略例：
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？
　 　　认识爸爸说话？
3 状语句：
　　作状语句子状语句引导状语句连接词属连词状语句句首句尾根途分：时间状语句点状语句原状语句结果状语句目状语句条件状语句较状语句等
A 时间状语句：时间状语句表示时间常连接词：when（……时）while（……时）as（……时）before（……前）after（……）since（）until（直） as soon as（……）once（旦……）等例：
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework 直做完作业睡觉
I can listen to the radio while I work 边听收音机边工作
注意：
① 时间状语句中般般现时代般时般时代时例：
I will telephone you when he comes 电话

I’ll stay here until you come back 会呆里直回
② when引导时间状语句表示句动作句动作时先发生句谓语延续性动词瞬间动词例：
　　He was working when I went in 进时正工作
　　When she heard the news she began to cry 听消息哭起
　　　 while引导状语句中常延续性动词表示状态动词意思……期间
　　They rushed in while we were singing 唱歌时进
　　　 as引导状语句强调时发生分先译成着边……边
John sings as he walks home 约翰边家走边唱歌
③ while表示两者间关系例：
I like playing football while Tom likes listening to music
　　　 喜欢踢足球汤姆喜欢听音乐
④ since引导状语句句常现完成时句常般时
We have been friends since we met in Beijing 北京遇直朋友

It has been six years since she left school 毕业已六年
⑤ until till 引导时间状语句句谓语动词瞬间动词时句常否定形式not… until意思直……
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework 直做完作业睡觉
B 点状语句：点状语句表示点连接词where（里）wherever（里）等例：
Put it where you find it 放原方
You can sit wherever you like 喜欢坐里坐里
C 原状语句：原状语句表示原者理连接词：because（）as （）since（然）等例：
　　I often eat carrots because they are good for my health
　　常吃胡萝卜身体处
　　As I don’t know the way I had to ask the policeman
　　知道路问警察
注意：
① because表示果关系语气强常回答why提出问题
I didn’t tell them because they were too young 没告诉太

② becauseso句子里
Because the book was expensive I didn’t buy it (I 前so)
D 结果状语句：表示结果连接词：so…that…（……致……）so that（结果）such… that…（……致……）等例：
It’s such a good chance that you can’t miss it 次机会失
注意： so…that such …that 引导结果状语句注意sosuch面接词
① such that
such＋a(an)＋形容词＋单数数名词＋that句
such＋形容词＋复数名词数名词＋that句
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher
　　 非常诚实受老师表扬
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again
　　 说非常趣想读遍
② 果名词前manymuchfewlittle（少）等词修饰so例：
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over 　　　 摔跤致全身青块紫块 ③ so that
so＋形容词／副词＋that句
so＋形容词＋a(an)＋单数数名词＋that句
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him
　　 　跑非常快没追
Dr Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him
He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him
He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him)
　　 　位医生家尊敬爱戴
E 目状语句：表示目连接词：so（便）so that（）in order that（）等句中情态动词can will may should 等例：
　　He got up very early so that he could catch the first train
　　起床早便赶第班火车
F 条件状语句：条件状语句表示条件连接词：if（果）unless （果非）as long as（）等例：
　　If it is fine tomorrow we will go swimming 果明天天气话游泳

注意：
① 条件状语句中般般现时代般时般时代时例：
　　　 Unless it rains the game will be played 果雨赛进行
② unless意思相if…not…
G 步状语句：常thoughalthough (然)even if though ()等引导例：
　　Though it’s hard work I enjoy it 件艰苦工作乐意做
三易错点点拨：
1 I don’t know if you come to my party tomorrow
　　〔解析〕题考查宾语句时态法句子意思理解if引导宾语句般时题误作状语句应come改will can come
2 Can you tell me where does he study English
　　〔解析〕题考查宾语句语序法特殊疑问词引导宾语句陈述语序助动词does掉句语hestudy变成studies
3 My teacher told me that light traveled faster than the sound

　　〔解析〕题考查宾语句时态法宾语句表示客观真理（光速声速快）宾语句般现时受句时态影响traveled改travels
4 They are the people and books who you want to learn
　　〔解析〕题考查定语句引导词法定语句先行词物引导词物thatwho者whichwho改that
5 He got to school early if he could clean the classroom
　　〔解析〕题考查表示目状语句连接词法if引导条件状语句句应该连接词so that引导目状语句if改so that
　　　　　　　　　　　
中考总复8 阅读理解应试指导　　　　　　　　　　
中考求：
　　阅读理解中考求：
　　1 考查学生理解短文旨题义力
　　2 理解短文具体信息（包括图文转换信息）力
　　3 根短文情景猜测单词力
　　4 根短文容判断推理力
　　5 理解作者意图态度力
　　观全国中考试卷中考阅读理解考试题例整试卷占较例阅读理解成绩直接决定学生否中考中取优秀成绩中考阅读短文题材选通俗易懂文学作品事体裁短文常选富时代鲜明特征实性较强语言材料例：报刊杂志文章说明书招贴告示广告种类图表选择材料仅够提高测试真实性展示目标语言现实生活中真实运激发学生学英语兴趣

二知识点
A 阅读理解题型：
　　年中考试卷阅读理解测试题选择型测试题判断正误型测试题务型测试题三种形式根阅读理解题干部分分种测试题型：
1 理解旨意题：
　　考查学生文章中心思想全文梗概领会理解概括力通略读－skimming获取文章者段落题旨意略读时注意寻找题句（topic sentence）帮助理解文章题解文章意学认没仔细阅读文章细节感觉太放心实没必担心解文章意然文章做仔细阅读较难短文理解起容易
　　略读时应该注意：题句般短文第句子者句子偶尔位段落中间段题句般段第二句子者句子次作者提供写作意图：提供信息描述物事物者事件讨问题说服某提出建议者两种观点者事件进行较句子题句进步发展说明性例子时题句提供时间点者原等背景

　　旨意题常见设问方式
　　1) What’s the main idea of this passage
　　2) What does the passage mainly tell us
　　3) The writer means to tell us that ______
　　4) The main idea point of the passage is that ______
　　5) The passage is mainly about ______
　　6) From the passage we can learn conclude ______
　　7) What can we know from the whole passage
　　8) The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ______
　　9) What’s the best title for the passage
　　10) The best title for this story can be _______
　　实例说明：
　　October 16 is World Food Day This day is also the anniversary (纪念日) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (联合国粮农组织) More than 100 countries are holding special events All of these aims to celebrate the establishment of the FAO in 1945 The theme chosen for this year’s World Food Day is Water Source(资源) of Food Security

　　A UN report says that over 6 million people have died from hunger and related diseases so far this year alone More than 850 million people or about one in seven around the world do not get enough food and the need for food will increase as the world’s population grows The UN also reports that by year 2030 the world may need 60 more food Most of that increase will have to come from agriculture supported by water irrigation (灌溉) However fresh water is already in short supply in many countries
　　Jacques Diouf the director of the FAO says that there are 20 countries that do not have enough water to produce enough food for their populations Ten nations use more than 40 of their total fresh water for agriculture He fears that the problem will only become worse as the need for water by people and by industry grows So water is one of the most important things in the world today
( ) 65 The passage is mainly about _________
A how to celebrate World Food Day　　　　
B the increase of food in many countries
C the importance of water for food　　　
D the UN Food and Agriculture Organization
　　〔解析〕
　　答案C题考查短文题理解力短文第段句子判断短文题句：Water Source(资源) of Food Security第段开头引出题句两段说明题句题短文讨水食物重性
2 具体信息理解题
　　考查事实者细节理解辨考查短文中直接间接提具体信息细节线索种阅读理解题需仔细较四选项找出语言表达差关键词重点思考做种考试题般扫读Scanning短文中寻找答案
　　扫读目短文中寻找某具体信息者细节进行搜索性阅读特寻找名名时间者某关键词找关键词时进行局部细心阅读保证寻找答案处保证扫读效性扫读前必须认真审题审题程明确阅读目程般说种阅读理解测试题答案较寻找学阅读理解测试中分较高题目学仔细阅读认真较握准确事实信息短文发现密切相关信息题干号入座容易寻找准确答案

　　实例说明：
　　Nick is twentythree and works in a middle school Two and a half years ago he was ill in hospital and there he knew a beautiful nurse named Rita The girl took good care of him and he made friends with her They loved each other About six months later they married
　　Nick likes reading When he comes home he always reads some newspaper or books Rita begins to cook in the kitchen And when the meat is roasted (烤) she always tells her husband to cut it in two Then they begin to have supper together After supper they go out for a walk or they go to the cinema And they enjoy themselves
　　One day Nick planted trees with his students They climbed up a mountain and worked hard When he got home he felt hungry His wife roasted a piece of chicken that evening and told him to cut it This time he chose a bigger piece of chicken for himself and gave her the smaller one
　　I remember dear Rita said with a smile When we married you always gave me the bigger part Why do you give me the smaller one now
　　Nick felt shy and didn’t know what to say He thought for a while and said You cook better now than before

1 What does Nick do He is ___________________
A a teacher 　B a nurse　　C a doctor　　D a player　　2 What did Nick choose for himself this He chose__________
A the bigger part of the roast beef　　　
B the smaller part of the roast chicken
C the bigger part of the roast chicken 　
D the smaller part of the roast beef
　　〔解析〕
　　1 A题考查学生短文细节理解力通较四选项理解涉Nick职业带着信息短文寻找短文第句子 Nick is twentythree and works in a middle school找职业教师选择A
　　2 C题考查学生细节理解力具体信息判断力较选项选择关键信息biggersmallerbeefchicken短文第三段句子This time he chose a bigger piece of chicken for himself and gave her the smaller one寻找答案
3 根文猜测单词题：
　　种阅读理解测试题短文中某句子中某超纲单词者短语画线考生猜测汉语意思者英语解释意义短文中出现超纲词者短语求学生读懂短文容理解短文概意思基础根短文文意思情景进行猜测推断般说词汇较难者学没学果学词汇量较解决种阅读理解测试题优势果够理解短文容意思通句子情景进行合理猜测正确率较高

猜测单词方法：
1 首先保持冷静迅速判断果文理解影响词停留继续读果影响理解词尤划线词运猜测单词技巧猜测单词意思
2 果but连接前两句子意思表示转折面句子画线单词表示意思前面句子意思相反
3 果and连接前两句子面句子画线单词意思前面句子意思致
4 画线单词认识句子某部分单词者短语认识时根认识部分猜测认识单词意思做填空题样空应该填入什（般面选项选）
5 注意文时面句子文中解释单词意义

6 时猜测出单词具体意思紧需解单词表示积极消极意思通辨认单词位置目确定动词形容词副词然选项中选择
　　实例说明：
　　Once there was a baby eagle living in a nest on a cliff (山崖)The baby eagle loved his nest It was warm soft and comfortable And even better he had all the food and love that his mother could give Whenever the baby eagle was hungry his mother would always come just in time with the delicious food he liked
　　He was growing happily day after day But suddenly his world changed His mother stopped coming to the nest He was full of sadness and fear He thought he would die soon He cried but nobody heard him
　　Two days later his mother appeared with some nice food The baby eagle was wild with joy But his mother put the food at the top of the mountain and then looked down at her baby The baby eagle cried out Mum why did you do this to me I’m hungry Don’t you know I will die if I have nothing to eat
　　Here is the last meal I give you Come and get it by yourself his mother said Then she flew down and pushed the baby eagle out of the nest

　　The baby eagle fell down faster and faster He looked up at his mum Why do you abandon me He looked down at the earth The ground was much closer Then something strange happened The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly He wasn’t moving to the ground any more Instead his eyes were pointed up at the sun
　　You are flying You can make it His mother smiled
1 What does the word abandon in the fifth paragraph mean
　　A抛弃 　　　B保护　　　 C歧视 　　　D拯救
　　〔解析〕
　　答案A题考查单词猜测力短文文意思特段短文容题句子意思猜测单词意思抛弃
4 简单判断推理题：
　　考查学生根短文容进行简单判断推理力中考阅读理解仅读懂句子理解句子间联系果文间存未充分表达容学生应该充分激活头脑中知识验根字面意思句子意思通语篇逻辑关系研究细节暗示推敲作者态度理解文章寓意时说深层理解深层理解种创造性思维活动必须忠原文文章提供事实线索立足已知知识推断未知知识空想象意推测求考生文章表面信息进行分析挖掘逻辑推理事事偏概全吃透文章字面意思推理前提基础
判断推理题常见设问方式：
1) It can be inferredconcluded that ＿＿＿
2) Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage
3) In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed
4) The passage implies but doesn’t directly state that ＿＿＿
5) The writer suggests that ＿＿＿
6) What’s the author’s attitude toward …
7) The writer probably feels that ＿＿＿
8) The author uses the examples of to show that ＿＿＿
9) From the passage we can see ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
10) According to the passage we can infer ________________
　　实例说明：
　　Take a class at Dulangkou School and you’ll see lots of things different from other schools You can see the desks are not in rows and students sit in groups They put their desks together so they’re facing each other How can they see the blackboard There are three blackboards on the three walls of the classroom

　　The school calls the new way of learning Tuantuanzuo meaning sitting in groups Wei Liying a Junior 3 teacher said it was to give students more chance to communicate
　　Each group has five or six students according to Wei and they play different roles (角色) There is a team leader who takes care of the whole group There is a study leader who makes sure that everyone finishes their homework And there is a discipline (纪律) leader who makes sure that nobody chats in class
　　Wang Lin is a team leader The 15yearold said that having to deal with so many things was tiring
　　I just looked after my own business before said Wang But now I have to think about my five group members
　　But Wang has got used to it and can see the benefits (处) now
　　I used to speak too little But being a team leader means you have to talk a lot You could even call me an excellent speaker today

　　Zhang Qi 16 was weak in English She used to get about 70 in English tests But in a recent test Zhang got a grade of more than 80
　　I rarely（少）asked others when I had problems with my English But now I can ask the team leader or study leader They are really helpful
53 We can tell from the story that some students ______ this new way of learning
A get benefits from 　　　 B are tired of　　　
C cannot get used to　　　 D hate
　　解析：A写作意图推断题短文作者写作意图判断作者告诉杜朗口中学学生种新教学方法中益处选择A
B 阅读理解解题技巧：
I 事实细节题理解方法技巧：
　　1详读细节理思路文章脉络文章绝互相干句子杂乱章堆砌作者文脉循记叙文物中心时间空间线索事件发生发展结局展开事述题包含点结三素通解释举例阐述观点根文章特点详读细节动词时间点事件果等线索找出关键词语运画图列表法勾画出幅完整清晰文章题细节认知图

　　2抓住文章脉络段中心面围绕中心展开分析什会出现种现象握文章脉络相说定位较方便解答细节题旨题方便
　　3学会瞻前顾左顾右盼方法理解细节题目短文联系找解决问题关键细节
　　4注意引出细节信息词：for example an example of the most important example first second next then last finally to begin with also besides等
II 推理判断题方法技巧：
　　阅读理解题中难度出现频率高推理判断题年中考年保持23题左右种题求考生根文章中出现暗示抓住含语义逻辑思维方法加整理然做出合理判断推理方法致分：简单推理复杂推理
1简单推理　
　　谓简单推理表面文字前提具体事实进行推理做出判断种推理方式较直接弄清事实结合常识推断出合理结　
2复杂推理　　
　　复杂推理文字文章语境涵前提种间接复杂逻辑推理方式考生推断出文章没表明合逻辑推理必须表里纳演绎面种复杂推理方法：
（1）推测作者写作目意图类设题形式：
　　　　 The purpose in writing this text is to
　　　　 The author writes this passage to
　　　　 The author in this passage intends to
　　推测作者写作目必须先解文章题然分析作者述方法述重点材料安排
（2）推测文章观点结类设题形式
　　　　 It can be inferred from the passage that
　　　　 What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
　　　　 From the passage we can conclude that
　　类问题问定全文中心思想作者全部观点文章中某观点推测出文中某观点离开全文观点中心思想握
（3）推断文章出处设题形式
　　　　 The passage is most likely to be taken from
　　　　 Where would this passage most probably appear
　　　　 The passage is most likely a part of
　　类问题应文章容结构判断出处：
①报纸：前面会出现日期点通讯社名称

②广告：格式语言特殊容易辨认
③产品说明：器皿设备说明会产品名称操作方式药品服说明会告知服时间次数药量等
（4）推断短文中物性格设题形式
　　　　 What do we know about somebody in the text
　　　　 What kind of man somebody is
　　　　 Somebody can be said to be
做类题时定注意：
①准确握字里行间意思切忌观点代作者观点
②特注意表达情感态度观点词语
（5）助文章结构进行推测
　　推断题文章结构角度进行分析推断出正确答案阅读时仅注重词句理解分析语篇组织结构
III 单词猜测词义方法技巧：
1 根文猜测词意例：
　　After giving a talk at a high school I was asked to pay a visit to a special student An illness had kept the boy home…
　　During the ninemile drive to his home I found out something about Matthew He had muscular dystrophy(肌营养良) When he was born the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five and then they were told he would not make it to ten Now he was thirteen

　　…
　　Last summer I received a letter from Matthew’s parents telling me that Matthew had passed away…
　　Dear Rick
　　My mom said I should send you a thankyou letter for the picture you sent me I also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that I don＇t have long to live any more …
　　面短文中passed away含义根文When he was born the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five and then they were told he would not make it to ten文Matthew信中猜测出意世
2 根构词法猜测词意
　　阅读文章时总会遇新词汇时难根文推断词意文章理解着举足轻重作时掌握常词根前缀缀等语法知识问题便难解决例：
　　前缀un表反义词happyunhappyfairunfairimportantunimportant等
　　缀 ment表名词developdevelopmentstatestatementargueargument等

　　缀erorist表源名词calculate calculator visit visitor law lawyer waitwaiter science scientist art artist等
3 通果关系猜词
　　首先找出生词文间逻辑关系然猜词时文章助关联词(becauseassinceforsothusas a resultof coursetherefore等等)表示前果例：
　　You shouldn’t have blamed him for thatfor it wasn’t his fault
　　通for引出句子表示原(错)猜出blame词义责备
4 通义词反义词关系猜词
　　通义词猜词andor连接义词词组happy and gay认识gay词知道愉快意思二进步解释程中义词Man has known something about the planets VenusMarsand Jupiter with the help of spaceships句中Venus (金星)Mars (火星)Jupiter (木星)均生词知道planets猜出词属行星义域通反义词猜词表示转折关系连词副词butwhilehowever等二not搭配表示否定意义词语：

　　He is so homelynot at all as handsome as his brother
　　根not at allhandsome难推测出homely意思英俊漂亮意思
5 通定义释义关系推测词义例：
　　But sometimesno rain falls for a longlong time Then there is a dry periodor drought
　　drought句子文知久雨便段干旱时期drought见drought意思久旱旱灾a dry perioddrought义语种义释义关系常isorthat isin other wordsbe called破折号等表示
6 通句法功推测词义例：
　　Bananasorangespineapplescoconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas假pineapplescoconuts生词两词句中处位置判断致意思句中难出pineapplescoconutsbananasoranges类关系属fruit类两样水果准确说菠萝椰子
8 通描述猜词
　　描述作者帮助读者更深更感性解某某物该该物做出外相貌特征描写例：

　　The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole It is fat and walks in a funny way Although it cannot flyit can swim in the icy water to catch the fish
　　例句描述中知penguin种生活南极鸟类面更详描述该鸟类生活性
C 判断正误型阅读务型阅读
　　涉中考题中出现选择型阅读测试题做题技巧外正误型阅读务型阅读两种考查形式
　　正误型阅读出现逐渐减少难度降低般试题短文中直接找答案述方法做题里讲述
　　务型阅读：
　　务型阅读年推出新题型命题灵活题型样问答题翻译句子填写表格信息等够考查学生英语综合力注意养成良阅读心理提高阅读速度做种题解题时注意：
　　1 浏览试题明确求带着问题读短文放矢
　　2 浏览全文捕捉信息阅读时注意关物事件时间点起定义数关键词语做出标记目文题目短文中相关信息加较找正确答案

　　3 复读全文抓住细节答题时问题重新短文中寻找答案 注意短文首尾句段首尾句事件结果作者态度意图等
　　4 读全文核答案全文题意重新审核题答案前否致否符合短文旨意细节方面否短文致否拼写语法错误等
三易错点点拨
I 信息错位表里
1阅读文章时信息错位
2 题目考查容文章信息应时出错关键句确认失误
II 推理张冠李戴
1做题时做推理文章中找相应
2文章中找相应时出现张冠李戴情况
3验作出错误判断
III 仅印象胡乱猜词
1 生词抛弃文仅仅根印象猜测词义
2 没掌握关键性词语意思判断生词意思时候出错
中考总复9 完形填空应试指导　　　　　　　　　　　
中考求
　　完形填空考查学生综合运语言力求学生语篇层次握语言材料阅读理解基础进行逻辑推理综合运学语言知识完形填空考查文章文理解握力词汇意义法理解运力根生活常识进行推理判断力惯语短语固定搭配掌握力

二知识点
Ⅰ 完形填空命题基方式：
　　完形填空般200单词左右短文目删单词留空白学生原数试题设计10－15空短文第句子般设计空白部分试题提供四选项学生选择够填入空白处佳答案部分试题提供选项留空白学生填缺单词第三种试题删单词乱序放方框学生选择
Ⅱ 完形填空题型：
　　完形填空题提供短文部分记叙文说明文议文短文题材广泛包括幽默事英国文化知识环境保护学生校园生活等完形填空考查重点集中面方面：
　　1 词汇题义词法辨析者动词名词形容词副词等词义法等学生通文容较容易找出答案

　　2 常见固定搭配惯法题般涉动词短语介词短语等搭配法
　　3 逻辑分析题必须掌握全文旨意前提通事线索短文段逻辑关系短文容间逻辑关系物情感发展等分析理解选出答案
　　中考完形填空综合语法知识阅读理解逻辑推理等方面知识点更加注重语言知识应性突出运语言力考查
Ⅲ 做完形填空测试题应遵循三步骤：
1 通读全文解意
　　做完形填空题前提减少做完形填空题盲目性重步骤解析命题中逻辑推理文情景语境方面容起着决定性作
　　篇文章题思想段段间承启前呼应句子段段句句间紧密相连形成机整体做完形填空时候定气呵成读短文中断思路理解细节生词跳外阅读时候特注意短文开头句子结尾句子句子般设计空白学生提供必背景信息结果结
2 仔细推敲初定答案
　　通读全文解意基础开始答题答题时根短文容求结合短文题思想空缺句子作合逻辑推理弄清空缺词句确切含义空白四选项进行认真分析反复推敲空缺词句前句意义衔接必须然合理出现意义断层说东道西情况综合运学知识语法词语固定搭配词形变化逻辑推理生活常识等角度考虑握答案锤定音握性先初定答案做符号便步检查推敲

3 次通读全文锁定佳答案
　　完成前两步骤基础检查确信选择答案准确性次检阅实际短文答案次快速浏览次阅读目调整修改完善做题程原紧张答题程中会法确定者粗心造成错误次重新阅读中发现修改果做出话改变思路实词文章容直接相关虚词文章连贯性句子结构直接相关果容实出填单词话应考虑否需填介词连词等次阅读全文检查选择答案否够保证短文意思完整语义合理语法正确关键步骤
注意：验证答案修正错误时着重注意：
　　(1)文章否畅

　　(2)填单词否佳选项
　　(3)填单词否拼写错误
实例说明：
　　Johnny had a pair of old shoes The old shoes had 　1　him so much trouble and Johnny decided to throw them away He went to the rubbish pit (垃圾坑) 　2　the city and threw the old shoes into it Now they can＇t bring me 　3　trouble he said He returned home lay down on his bed and slept But he had a dog and the dog often went to the rubbish pit to look for 　4　The dog saw the 　5　in the rubbish pit and knew they were its 　6　 So the dog got the shoes back When Johnny woke up he saw the shoes by his bed and he was 　7　 He thought The shoes can walk by 　8　 They must be drawn away Then he made a large fire in front of his house and put the shoes on it Just then a strong 　9　was blowing and before long the fire made the house begin 　10　 His neighbour at once came but could do nothing The house burned down but the old shoes were saved by the dog again
( ) 1 A brought　　B took　　C had　　　D caught
( ) 2 A in　　　　B on　　　C out 　　　D outside
( ) 3 A some　　B any　　　C more　　D many

( ) 4 A shoes　　B money　　C books 　D food
( ) 5 A money　　B shoes　　C cats　　D books
( ) 6 A father＇s 　B friend＇s 　　C people＇s 　D master＇s
( ) 7 A afraid　　B happy　　C angry 　　D glad
( ) 8 A himself　B themselves　　C itself　　　D myself
( ) 9 A wind　　B cloud　　　C rain　　　D snow
( ) 10 A burned　　B burn　　C burns　　　D burning
〔解析〕
　　1 选择A短文意思理解鞋子带许麻烦动词bring时
　　2 选择D短文中出讨厌双鞋子定鞋子扔城外垃圾坑里介词outside较合适
　　3 选择C文中出里较级more trouble前面not连表示更麻烦
　　4 选择D狗垃圾坑常找食物ＢＣ符合短文意思
　　5 选择B事情节狗垃圾坑鞋子shoes较符合短文意思
　　6 选择D狗认识双鞋子应该名词格形式
　　7 选择A短文意思理解第二天早鞋子时应该感觉害怕：鞋回？选项符合文情景

　　8 选择B考查反身代词法shoes复数形式反身代词应该themselves
　　9 选择A短文意思判断燃烧鞋子时候刮起阵强风引起火灾选项符合常识
　　10 选择D考查动词种形式法动词begin 面须接动词ing形式作宾语表示开始做某事
Ⅳ 完形填空解题技巧：
1．总体握
　　通读完形填空短文时跳空格快速阅读解全篇容切宝贵时间浪费字句推敲选择答案时全文旨意短文情景出发根某句子选择时果考虑文时四选项填入空中例面实例说明中：
　　The dog saw the 5 in the rubbish pit and knew they were its 6
( ) 5 A money 　　　B shoes　　　 C cats 　　 D books
( ) 6 A father＇s 　　B friend＇s C people＇s D master＇s
2．弄清体裁
　　文章体裁通常分四种：述文记叙文说明文应文中考选文叙事性文章：幽默事科普知识童话简短新闻名轶事社会热点问题等读类文章体解事涉时间点物事件前果体裁语气说法需选选项

3．重视题句
　　完形填空短文般标题短文题句段文章首句时出现文章中间结束处题句提供全篇性质意等深入解全文窗口甚语句立足点该句时态语气推测全文容
4．语境联想
　　利文提示学知识已生活验扫清部分词汇理解障碍联想推测事发生情景物种情景心态感觉样更握全局选答案避免理解错误量出错
5 例举
　　完形填空项选择中常常会遇难选择题目需调动头脑里知识储备例举熟知语言现象相较做出明智选择
6 择优法排法
　　择优法选项代入短文中选出词义符合求语法没语病答案

　　排法代入选项时发现选项单词意义词词搭配妥存语法错误文矛盾迅速排合适选项剩正确答案
7．语言知识判定
A 词语搭配语法角度说句子词序列词组序列注意词语前词汇搭配：see a filmgo to school
(1) 固定复合词动词短语：push ahead with (奋力前行)
(2) 常见句式：It feels+形容词+定式
注意：
　　●区外形相意义搭配：look for look over look out look after look up等
　　●区形相似意义相搭配：
I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary
The book cost me a lot It took three men to lift the box
　　　两句子中付出花费意短语译成汉语时似相通搭配变化
　　●注意单词组义性：take off脱(衣服)(飞机) 起飞匆匆离开取休假等种含意
B 语法求

(1) 注意出现频率较高词类题次动词介词代词连词形容词副词选择类词时注意方面：
　　●名词：应联系文章题空格前出现关词注意单复数致
　　●动词：注意词义惯搭配区分义词间法差异词形式
　　●介词：应注意惯法特动词词组成固定搭配
　　●代词：注意称数格等否准确
　　●连词：注意分析前句文逻辑关系
　　●形容词副词：注意词义区较时注意词形变化
(2) 注意句法题搞清句子种类类型省略倒装避免引起文章曲解
二易错点点拨：
1 缺乏文章意领会
　　年完形填空试题选项设置越越淡化语法结构重文意干扰具体语言知识溶进具体语言情景中考查考生通文前提示暗示整体文意进行握力种考查方式占例较难度单纯句子段落分析许四答案语法结构正确放全局定正确学单句子者单空考虑忽略文章题意选项求

　　例： I climbed the stairs slowly carrying a big suitcase my father following with two more By the time I got to the third floor I was　1　and the same time feeling lonely Worse still Dad 　2　a step and fell sending my new suitcase 　3　down the stairs
1 A helpless 　　B lazy 　　　　C anxious　　　D tired
2 A took 　　B minded 　　　C missed 　　　D picked
3 A rolling　　B passing　　　C dropping　　 D turning
〔解析〕：
答案DCA
　　握文提着衣箱缓慢楼梯前提知第1题答案D tired表示达三楼时已累爸爸提着两衣箱面文信息词fell知句意思爸爸少跨步摔倒衣箱滚楼梯23题答案分CA果语法考虑选项均错误难定答案必须文章意考虑
2 缺乏文章提供语境深刻体会
　　完形填空测试考生结合文语境 (context) 英语整体感知力准确握语境？首先文章容应致解握作者写作意图次感知作者写作时感情选项逐分析应强调解题时身境假设作者样角色交换更利文章握学身境考虑问题站文章局外单语法知识词汇知识考虑甚撇开文章语境判断语法知识词汇知识正确符合短文情景然错误完形填空选择佳答案

3 似相选项缺乏策略
　　年中考完形填空中文章题目设置相似项增迷惑选项较强考生通寻找文隐含信息感受语境采较排等技巧找出符合题意佳选项特词汇搭配语义辨析两方面词语辨析情节推理逻辑推理结合起词汇意义入手抓住情节线索解决问题出现错误
　　例：He gets as nervous as I do but somehow 　1　in his seat and keeps 　2　 He wants to… but he is different
1 A rocks 　　B jumps　　 C swings 　　　D trembles
2 A quiet 　　B still 　　C laughing 　　D crying
　　〔解析〕段文字描绘父亲观子赛时紧张心情想影响子赛椅子直摇晃（rocks in his seat）敢观众样声喊保持沉默(keep silent)学做题时相词正确语境知半解常简单中文释义出发做出选择出现错误

4 利生活常识文化背景知识进行推理
　　完形填空身容提供完整语篇信息间交织渗透者类相关文化背景知识生活常识灵活运该方面知识力解决类题目学结合知识生活历选择理解句子表层意义弄清短文深层意义出现错误
　　例： It was an early morning in summer In the streets sleepyeyed people were moving quickly heading towards their　1　 This was the beginning of another 　2　day in New York City
1 A jobs 　　　B homes　　 C buses　　 D offices
2 A working　　B hot　　　 C same　　　D ordinary
　　〔解析〕：信息词early morningsleepyeyed判断B homes符合逻辑生活验班时考生许会认然班挤公交车办公室班方式步行骑车坐铁开车班农场煤矿工厂车间定办公室C busesD offices符合生活实际第1题A jobs合逻辑选项起床奔工作岗位种情况天天发生常常第2题答案D ordinary

中考总复10 听力理解应试指导　　　　　　　　　　　　　
中考求
　　听力测试中考必考题目中考考查学生听力辨力听力理解力特考查学生语音语言运力听力测试求：学生够根说话语音语调理解意图够语言环境判断话话题中获取信息力够听懂正常语速事者独白回答关问题够克服生词障碍助说话语气句子题理解意解答关问题够边听边记录关信息听程中作出反应
二知识点
A 中考听力测试材料特点：
　　中考听力测试考查学生英语口语理解力语言材料中获取信息力听力材料日常话简短谈话电话留言广播通知新闻报道等材料选择报刊杂志幽默事笑话广告者电影海报等材料总言听力材料般选取学生较熟悉贴生活话短文者独白
B 中考听力考查形式：

1 选择题：
　　根听容出干完整句子干根短文容提出问题道试题提供三四备选项求考生正确理解听力材料容基础三四备选项中选出正确答案
2 判断正误题：
　　联系短文容出干句子求考生根听短文容判断句子意思否正确
3 补全信息题：
　　根听材料容出干留空格句子短文表格求考生听音空格填适词补全句子短文填满表格句子短文者表格表达意思原听音容致类试题听写题填听音原文填写容短文提供相关信息
C 中考听力测试题型：
　　观全国中考试卷听力测试题题型种：
1 听句子选择够应答该句子佳答语：
　　类型听力测试题考查学生英语日常交际语理解应答力考查容：赞美感谢问路者提出建议劝告祝愿者提出请求许请求帮助者提供帮助谈算提出邀请应答等种听力测试题目般较简单听句子较简短简单情景较单学生容易理解般英语日常语交际惯应答选择正确答案较容易分较高题目

　　例： 录音中五句子句子听遍然题ABC中选出句子做出适反应答语 1 A That’s a good way 　　　B You are welcome　
C Good idea　　　 D No problem
2 A I＇m sorry to hear that　 B Oh I know　　　　
C It doesn＇t matter D Of course
3 A Of course not　　　　　 B Yes I would　　　
C No I wouldn’t D OK
4 A It’s too cheap　　　　 B It’s very cold　
C It is too far 　 D It’s too dea
5 A By bus　　　　　　　　 B In the bus　　　　
C In a school　　 D On her foot
听力材料：
1 Why not go and see our teacher in the hospital after school
2 I’d love to go with you but my mother is ill in hospital I had to look after her

3 Would you mind opening the window It’s too hot
4 What’s the weather like in your city now
5 How does your mother often go to work
　　〔答案解析〕：
　　1 C考查提出建议日常交际语法听句子why not提出建议佳应答Good idea接受建议般应该回答I’d love but…然说明原
　　2 A题考查听幸消息I am sorry to hear that应答日常交际语法表示情
　　3 A题考查提出请求应答Would you mind doing something提出请求肯定应答Of course not
　　4 B题考查谈天气英语日常交际英语听句子询问天气应答It’s very cold
　　5 A题谈做某事方式听句子How does your mother often go to work询问妈妈常班by＋bus应答班方式坐公汽车
2 听句子选择符合句子意思图片：
　　类型听力测试题利图片考查学生日常交际语快速反应应力例：涉学生日常行活动日常品时间问答交通提示符号天气预报符号城市典型建筑物奥运会会徽运动员运动项目标志等类型听力测试题较简单题型考虑图画句子意思相符合

　　例： 听面句子选择句子容相符图片句子读两遍
　　
3 听五段话问题选择够回答问题佳答案者图片：
　　种听力测试题考查学生听话相关信息理解力话般二三句子涉容常见常交际话题例：讨天气时间购物电话病运动相约点等话题听力问题明显直接话信息中容易判断较隐形需根话容者情景加分析判断者推算解决问题般根话信息特殊疑问句提出问题涉话身份关系观点者态度等外减少学生阅读负担时听力测试题图画图片代文字选择够回答问题图画图片学生听力测试前需认真阅读问题观察图片带着问题目听听录音时候紧紧围绕着话题情景捕捉问题关系重点具体信息边听边记录种听力测试题般朗读二遍

　　例：
　　Ⅰ 听话选择正确答案段话读两遍
1 How often does the woman go swimming
A Sometimes 　　　B Never 　　　C Every day
2 Who are the two speakers
A They’re workers 　　　B They’re old friends 　　　 C They’re classmates
3 Where did Cathy go last Saturday
A To the lake 　　　B To the beach　　　 C To the park
4 What does the boy want to do in this conversation
A Buy a pen　　　 B Change a pen 　　　C Take a pen
5 What does the man think of the CD
A It’s a very good one 　　　B It’s too expensive　　　
C It’s not his favorite
听力材料：
1 M How often do you exercise
　W I keep running every day sometimes I go swimming but I never play ball games
Q How often does the woman go swimming
2 W Hi I don’t know if you remember me My name is Maria

　M Sure I remember you You sat next to me
　W Yeah that’s right How are you doing
　M Fine Nice to see you again
　Q Who are the two speakers
3 M Hi Cathy What did you do last Saturday
　W I had a picnic near the sea with some friends
M Then you must have had a good time
　W Sure
　Q：Where did Cathy go last Saturday
4 M Excuse me I bought a pen here yesterday But I can’t write with it now
　W What’s the problem
　M It doesn’t work Would you mind giving me another one
　W Sure Here you are
　Q What does the boy want to do in this conversation
5 M How much did you pay for it
　W 200 dollars
　M 200 dollars for a CD like that I don’t believe it
　W What do you mean
　M It’s not worth it
　Question What does the man think of the CD


　　[答案解析]
　　1 A听力材料提运动runninggo swimmingplay ball games听力重点go swimming面关键听时间状语题三时间状语every daysometimesnevergo swimming关系时间状语sometimes
　　2 C题考查说话关系话中You sat next to me解桌间关系学关系
　　3 B题考查事件发生点话句子I had a picnic near the sea with some friends关键信息near the sea判断话点海滩
　　4 B题考查听力细节理解话关键信息I can’t write with it nowWould you mind giving me another one判断换钢笔买
　　5 B题考查话说话态度理解说话口气语调判断认CD值200美元
4 听篇长话问题选择够回答问题佳答案：
　　话理解考查学生定语境情景中表现出快速反应推理判断力听力测试容涉话题话发生背景点话者间关系话事实细节时需根话联系进行推理分析做出结类考题求考生理解录音原文旨意通文中重细节具体事实揣摩推断说话者意图观点态度等类题测试出考生听力方面综合素质

　　话容般会涉：学生学校社会日常活动基情况学校家庭周围环境兴趣爱计划愿购物电话餐饮语言学等话题听力材料身较真实道口语化具真实性交际性特征符合学生年龄特征生活实际水心理发展水话词汇量较少较简单语句较简洁听力材料较长信息较学生听录音前先仔细阅读试卷面问题选项反复较选项根问题选项反推听力材料话题定做目针性选择听重点根问题提示听力话物时间点数字等关键信息进行记录便做题时候计算判断者推理需时准备
　　例：听段话话五问题题中ABC三选项中选出佳选项回答问题话读三遍
　　1 What does the boy want for Christmas
　　A A bike　　　 B A volleyball 　　　C A toy
　　2 What will the boy act in the Christmas program
　　A A Wise Man　　　 B Jesus 　　　C A shepherd
　　3 Who acted Joseph last year

　　A The boy 　　　B The girl　　　 C Anne
　　4 What does the girl like about Christmas
　　A The presents 　　　B The programs 　C The songs
　　5 What can we learn from the conversation
　　A Only children like Christmas
　　B The girl doesn’t like Claus
　　C Anne is the boy’s sister
　　听力材料：
　　听段话话五问题题中ABC三选项中选出佳选项回答问题话读三遍
　　W What do you want for Christmas this year
　　M I hope Santa brings me a bike What do you want Santa Claus to bring you
　　W I want a volleyball I didn’t do very well at volleyball this year Why do you say you
　 　　want Santa to bring you a bicycle Don’t you know that Santa Claus is actually yourdad
　　M Yeah I know that but my mom and dad talk about Santa Claus so I do too
　　W Are you going to be in the Christmas program this year
　　M Yeah I’m supposed to be one of the shepherds My sister Anne is going to be Mary and her doll is going to be the Baby Jesus Aren’t you going to be one of the Three WiseMen

　　W Yes I am I was Joseph last year
　　M I like being in the Christmas program I like the Christmas songs and I like the way Ifeel at Christmas time
　　W I like the presents we get at Christmas time but it is nice to remember that we have Christmas to celebrate the day Jesus was born
　　M It seems like everyone is especially nice and happy at Christmas time I like Christmas
　　W So do I
　　〔解析〕
　　1 A题考查听力辨力听力材料提礼物bikevolleyball问题男孩圣诞礼物什听时候注意男生读材料话第二句子出现bike问题答案
　　2 C题考查学生听力材料细节理解时区分男孩女孩说话问题问男孩扮演角色话句子I＇m supposed to be one of the shepherds题关键听力信息
　　3 B题考查听力辨力听力材料句子Yes I am I was Joseph last year女生读听时候区分男生女生

　　4 A题考查听力材料细节理解话句子I like the presents we get at Christmas time听女生喜欢礼物
　　5 C题考查学生听力综合判断力较难听力测试题学生必须话寻找My sister Anne is going to be Mary听力测试关键信息时必须注意句子男生读样综合判断出答案
5 听短文问题选择够回答问题佳答案：
　　短文理解长话基础考查学生结构较完整意义相连贯语段理解力种高层次难度听力测试形式题型听力材料般独白时事者段事物介绍等容介绍事物介绍广告讲话稿评等听录音时重听懂句话意思涵注意捕捉文中涉物事件等重信息掌握容试题求获取信息
　　例：听短文短文五问题题中ABC三选项中选出佳选项回答问题短文读三遍
　　1 How old was Tom
　　A 6　　　 B 7　　　 C 8
　　2 Where can the man find Tom on Sundays

　　A At home 　B In the open air 　C In his classroom
　　3 When did the last class begin
　　A At 345 pm 　B At 400 pm　　C At 415 pm
　　4 What did the teacher ask Tom to do
　　A Wash his hands 　　　
B Write some new words 　　　
C Clean the blackboard
　　5 What can we learn from the story
　　A The teacher taught Chinese
　　B The blackboard was dirty
　　C Tom’s left hand was dirtier
　　听力材料：
　　My little son Tom is eight years old He likes playing basketball and other games On Sundays I can’t see him at home but easily find him in the open air He always plays basketball with his friends there Last Monday Tom finished his homework after the first class in the afternoon He played ball again The playground was wet After some time at 345 pm his last class began Tom had no time to wash his hands and ran into his classroom Miss King his English teacher told Tom to write some new words Tom stood in front of the blackboard and started to write Miss King saw his right hand was dirty Oh dear said the teacher Your right hand is dirty I’m sure it’s the dirtiest in our class You are wrong Miss King said Tom Then he showed his left hand to her and she found it was dirtier

　　〔答案解析〕
　　1 C题较简单听力测试题短文第句子关键信息eight years old直接听答案
　　2 B题考查学生听力辨力短文提点at homein the open air问题问里找听力关键信息easily find him in the open air
　　3 A题考查学生时间理解短文直接听时间at 345 pm his last class began题关键信息
　　4 B题考查学生细节理解考查动词短语told somebody to do something学生短文直接听答案
　　5 C题考查学生听力判断理解力短文句子判断出答案
6．听短文根短文容填表格：
　　种听力测试题英语综合运力考查更加明显考查学生听语言材料理解力正确获取信息力种测试题命题方式：听力短文中提出点出简单提示求学生听完短文容根提示写出点容完整目然短文体裁物介绍新闻报道活动介绍等听录音前应该先阅读试卷文字材料文字材料录音全部容提纲摘笔记图表等形式出现通阅读已文字资料理清材料脉络解需填写信息然边听边补全缺少信息题听力材料般读二三遍遍认真检查填写信息正确性注意信息完整性听力测试结束检查词语写适形式等

　　例：听短文根听容完成面表格(空三词)（生词：reveal 透露）
10 rules for a long and happy life
Who have revealed the 10 rules
(1) _____________________
What is even allowed
Sunbathing drinking alcohol and eating chocolate
The first rule
(2) _____________________
A great effect
Where you live also has a great effect on (3)_________________

Seeing the doctors
It’s the (4) ___________________ rule
Advice
Rule 9 advises you to learn new technologies
Rule 10
You should smile and (5) ____________in life
听力材料：
　　10 rules for a long and happy life
　　Scientists have revealed 10 rules for a long and happy life And the rules even allow for sunbathing drinking alcohol and eating chocolate
　　The first rule is to enjoy yourself The second on the list is a happy marriage and good family life Studies have shown those can add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two years to a woman’s life Third where you live also has a great effect on your health Drinking wine going to parties and eating chocolate belong to the fourth rule Many studies show that a little of those can do you good The fifth rule says that you should exercise your brain to stay active Seeing the doctors is the sixth rule If you’re sick go to doctors quickly The next rule is to eat healthily Rule 8 asks you to put more excitement into your lives Traveling or learning a new language can add years to your life Rule 9 advises you to learn new technologies Rule 10 is that you should smile and feel happier in life

　　〔答案解析〕
　　1 Scientists题考查学生听力反应力短文开头第句子关键信息scientists判断科学家提出规第空填scientists
　　2 To enjoy yourself题考查听力段落题判断力短文第二段题第句子判断第规to enjoy yourself
　　3 your health短文第三规Third where you live also has a great effect on yourhealth判断on your health
　　4 sixth题考查学生听力快速反应力短文关键句子Seeing the doctors is the sixth rule听第六规注意序数词形式
　　5 feel happier短文规短文句子听第十规Rule 10 isthat you should smile and feel happier in life填feel happier
D 中考听力测试题解答技巧：
1快速读题目听
　　聪明考生旦试卷应该利切时间快速读题较选项处听信息考核容进行预测适做标记带着问题听带着预测搜索答案目听中考听力测试中否高分满分关键考生动转动场准备仗听力答题良发挥帮助考生更镇静沉着饱满情绪进行面答题

2心静气集中精力克服犹豫决毛病
　　考生善控制情绪尤排听力测试恐惧感坦然放松静心聆听单词句话没听清楚急躁慌乱影响面容聆听影响答题握试题应快速作答握试题听信息基础排错误选项进行优化处理会作答立暂时搁置准备听新题目
3全文聆听握重点
　　目前听力测试中短文理解部分记叙文讲话稿听录音时重听懂句话意思涵注意捕捉文中涉物 (who)事件 (what)时间 (when)点 (where)原 (why)方式 (how)程度 (how longhow soonhow much)数字 (how manyhow much)选择 (which…)等便检查答案
4注意听短文首句首段
　　文章开首句开首段短文容概括讲话目容作者点事发生时间点事等听短文首句首段全文理解旨意理解作

5 注重全文重点记录
　　听什材料注意力定集中整体容理解千万停留单词单句听清时马放弃强迫听清词重点放听关键词实词防止遗忘特涉数字年份点员关系等点回答问题关键词记录
6 两遍侧重
　　听话独白时段听两遍机会注意听第遍第二遍时侧重听遍时注意控制情绪常心静听容录音中设置干扰两生词影响情绪放松状态获取信息听懂容听第遍时太相信记忆做笔录步核提供听第二遍时握时机第次听信息进行检查作针性处理伪存真查漏补缺试卷做出正确选择
易错点点拨
1 听力考试前读题
　　学卷子读题听力开始时势必手忙脚乱做题效果想知
2 听生词方没听清马心慌甚放弃听力考试

　　生词方听懂听力测试中正常事情考试影响方设题性应该马调整心态继续认真听
3 没认真理解题求听言片语做题
　　学没认真读题考时间数字等听时间马定答案果部分没听懂命运便选择话考虑果想做题定先做记录较提时间等信息选出符合试题求选项
4 做完检查
　　听力测试结束填写信息题定检查根提示确定拼写形式否正确否名词复数s没加失分
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