英语高考总复习常考知识点总结大全

英语高考常考知识点总结全
第部分：语音辨音（5分）
考点：aeiou五元音字母发音：
注意元音字母重读开音节闭音节中读音非重读音节中读音特例情况：
开音节两种：
1) 种重读音节中元音字母没辅音字母绝开音节
：go no me paper
2) 种元音字母辅音字母（r外）面
发音元音字母e相开音节
  ：home name face
重读开音节中元音字母律读字母音长音
闭音节：
辅音字母结尾（r外）中间元音字母音节闭音节闭音节中元音字母律读短音
：
a 字母a
1) w常发短音[ﺪ] washwhatwant
2) water词中a发长音 [ﺪ]
3) danger strange change中发ei
4) class can＇t father after中发a
b 字母e
ever even eve 三单词中发音分：e i i
c 字母i
发i policeman machine
d 字母o
发u woman    i women
  mnvth前发 Λ comesonlovedoesmother
e 字母u 发i busy     发音 build (built)
考点二：ed结尾单词词尾正确读音
     清辅音读作 t looked hoped
浊元音读作 d cleaned answered
  td加ed ed读 id started decided
考点三：ses结尾单词词尾正确读音
清辅音读作s maps cakes
浊元音读作z bananas dogs
  szdƷ∫ 音读 iz classes bridges washes houses
考点四：常见字母组合读音
(字母组合包括元音字母组合辅音字母合)
考点五：符合读音规常词读音
1 词性变化引起读音变化
(1) 形词性单词读音变化
excuse ns vz
separate vei adji
breath n θ v ð
record ne vi
absent adj Ə v æ
abstract adj æ v Ə
bow n Əu vau
（2）词加缀时引起读音变化
nation einational æ
know Ə uknowledge ﺪ
south sauθsouthern ́́ sΛðƏn
2 词形变化引起读音变化
(1) 数名词变复数读音变化
mouth θ mouths ðz
house shouses ziz
woman ́́ wum Ə nwomen ́́wimin
(2) 词式中读音变化
willwould wud
shallshould ∫ud
cancould kud
eatate eteit
meanmeant ment
hearheard h Əd
(3) 词否定缩写中读音变化
cannotcan`t kant
shall notshan`t ∫ant
will notwon`t wƏunt
do notdon`t dƏunt
3 复合词读音变化
breakeibreakfaste
headeforeheadrid
hand d handsome
room uclassroom u
news znewspaper s
4 源词读音变化
know Əuknowledge ﺪ
natureeinatural æ
nation einational æ
breath θbreathe ð
bath baθbathe beð
cloth klﺪθclothes klƏuðz
worth θworthy ði
real riƏlreality ri ́́ ælƏti
political Ə—politics ﺪ
say seisaid sed
handkerchief handkerchiefs handkerchieves
handkerchief handkerchiefs handkerchieves
第二部分：单项选择（15分）
考点六：名词
I 概念
名词表示事物点抽象概念名称词专名词普通名词分数名词数名词分
II相关知识点精讲
 1 名词变复数
1) s –x –ch sh结尾加es
Busesboxeswatchesbrushes (stomachstomachs)
2）辅音字母加y结尾名词变yi 加es
Factories countries
3) ffe结尾名词变ffev加es
leafleaves　　 life—lives
：roofchiefgulfserfbeliefproof 加s
handkerchief handkerchiefs handkerchieves
4） o 结尾名词变复数时：
a 加sphotophotos　　pianopianos
radioradios　　zoozoos
b 加espotatopotatoes　tomatotomatoes
c 述ab两种方法均zerozeros zeroes　
5) 名词复数规变化
a childchildren　 footfeet　 toothteeth
mousemice　　manmen　 womanwomen　
注意：词加 man woman构成合成词复数形式 men womenan Englishmantwo EnglishmenGerman合成词复数形式Germans Bowman姓复数the Bowmans
b 单复形deersheepfishChineseJapanese lijinyuantwo lithree mufour jin等民币元角分外美元英镑法郎等复数形式：a dollar two dollars a meter two meters
c 集体名词单数形式出现实复数例：
people　police　cattle 等身复数说 a peoplea policea cattle说a persona policemana head of cattle the Englishthe Britishthe Frenchthe Chinesethe Japanesethe Swiss 等名词表示国民总称时作复数The Chinese are industries and brave　中国民勤劳勇敢
d s结尾单数名词：
mathspoliticsphysics等学科名词般数名词单数
news 数名词
the United States 应视单数
The United Nations was organized in 1945 联合国1945年组建起
e 复数形式出现书名剧名报纸杂志名视单数例：
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting storybook 千零夜非常趣事书
f 表示两部分构成东西：glasses （眼镜）　trousers　clothes等表达具体数目助数量词 pair（双）　suit（套） a pair of glasses two pairs of trousers等
g 外名词复数形式时表示特意思：goods货物waters水域fishes（种）鱼　
h 复合词变复数中心词
filmgoer — filmgoers
sisterinlaw — sistersinlaw
grownup – grownups
2 数名词量表示
1） 物质名词
a 物质名词转化体名词时数
较：Cake is a kind of food　蛋糕种食物 （数）
These cakes are sweet　蛋糕吃 （数）
b 物质名词表示该物质种类时数例：
This factory produces steel　（数）
We need various steels　（数）
c 物质名词表示份数时数例：
Our country is famous for tea 国茶叶闻名
Two teas please 请两杯茶
2） 抽象名词表示具体事例时数例：
four freedoms 四     the four modernizations四现代化
物质名词抽象名词助单位词表定数量a glass of water 杯水 a piece of advice　建议
3 定语名词复数
名词作定语般单数例外
1)  复数作定语例：
sports meeting   students readingroom
talks table 谈判桌  the foreign languages department 外语系
2） man woman gentleman等作定语时单复数修饰名词单复数定例 men workers　　women teachers　　gentlemen officials
3） 原s结尾名词作定语时s保留例：
goods train （货车） arms produce　武器生产
customs papers 海关文件      clothes brush  衣刷
4） 数词+名词作定语时名词般保留单数形式例：
twodozen eggs　两鸡蛋　 a tenmile walk 十英里路
twohundred trees 两百棵树  a fiveyear plan　五年计划
4 名词格
1） 单数名词词尾加＇s复数名词词尾没s加＇sthe boy＇s bag 男孩书包men＇s room 男厕
2） 名词已复数词尾s 加 ＇ ：the workers＇ struggle　工斗争
3） 加＇s名词名词 of  名词结构表示关系：the title of the song 歌名字
4） 表示店铺教堂名字某家时名词格面常常出现修饰名词：the barber＇s 理发店
5） 果两名词列分＇s表示分＇s表示＇＇
John＇s and Mary＇s rooms（两间）　　John and Mary＇s room（间）
6） 复合名词短语＇s 加词词尾例：a month or two＇s absence
考点七：冠词
I 定冠词法
定冠词aan两种形式a辅音音标开头词前an元音音标开头词前
a house a useful book
an hour an umbrella
定冠词法
1) 泛指某某物具体说明物行文叙述时第次提某事物时通常定冠词泛指例
A girl is asking for you on the phone
My mother works in a hospital
2) 单数数名词前表示类事物体代表整类事物类指例
A plane is faster than a train飞机火车快
A snake is a coldblooded animal蛇冷血动物
3) 表示数量概念没one强烈例
They waited there for an hour等时
Rome wasn＇t built in a day罗马非天建成(冰冻三尺非日寒)
特强调数量应one例
I have only one dictionary and I need it myself
4) 表示时间速度价格等计量单位名词前表示相perevery例
The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour飞机速度时300公里
The doctor told her to take the medicine three times a day医生天服三次药
We work five days a week周工作五天
5) 抽象名词物质名词前(特两种名词定语修饰时)意义具体化表示种件份等例
It is an honour for me to be invited to the party邀请参加聚会种荣誉(honour抽象名词an honour指件荣誉事)
There was heavy rain last week(rain物质名词里指场雨)
6) 序数词(加名词)前表示次例
He tried a sixth time and succeeded试第六次结果成功
When I sat downa fourth student rose to speak坐时第四学起立发言
7) 某名名前专名词普通化例
A MrLi has been waiting for you位姓李先生直等
Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west重庆称作西部海(Shanghai专名词句中a Shanghai指海样繁华城市)
8) 某固定词组中词组缺少组成部分例
in a moment立刻马 once upon a time前
as a result (of)作(……)结果 in a hurry急忙
in a word句话总言 once in a while偶尔
have a good time愉快 have a word with……说句话
havetake a look (at) havetake a rest休息
take an active part in积极参加 (较take part in参加说take a part in)
do sba favour帮某忙 put an end to结束
at a mouthful口 all of a sudden突然
II 定冠词the法
①　表示文提事物
　　He bought an EnglishChinese dictionary this morning The dictionary
is very good
②　单数数名词前表示整体类
　　The panda is a rare animal
　　句等：A panda is a rare animal Pandas are rare animals
③　表示世界独二事物
　　the sun the moon the sky the earth the world
④　表示阶级派名词前
　　the Chinese Communist Party the working class the proletariat 产阶级
⑤　常含普通名词形容词专名词前
　　A 许江海山脉群岛等名词前：
　　　 The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean
　　B 普通名词构成国名：
　　　 The People’s Republic of China the United States
　　C 机关团体代时代报刊杂志等名词前：
　　　the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the People’s Daily
　　 the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum
⑥　表示方位名词前
　　the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left
⑦　乐器名词前汉语拼音乐器前冠词
　　play the piano play the violin　 play erhu
⑧　复数姓氏前表示两夫妇全家情况类名词作复数
　　The Smiths watch TV every day
⑨　某形容词分词前表示类事物
　　the poor the rich the living the young
　the wounded the oppressed the beautiful
⑩　形容词高级前序数词前
　　Shanghai is the biggest city in china
　　After the game the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath
III零冠词法
①　表示某类事物复数名词前冠词
　　Now people are living a happy life Trees are planted everywhere
②　含普通名词专名词表示泛指物质名词抽象名词前冠词
　　We are studying English He is leaving for America this year
It is pleasant to walk in soft snow Love is always stronger than hatred
③　名词前指示代词物代词定代词名词格修饰冠词
　　I like this picture better Is that your book
Take their chairs away I do not have any money on me
As time went on Einstein’s theory proved to be correct
④　季节月份星期等名词前般冠词
　　She likes spring while I like summer We have no classes on Saturday
The Long March started in October 1934
⑤　表示担职务头衔名词前冠词
　　We have elected him our monitor
⑥　三餐饭名词前般冠词
　　When do you have lunch After supper we usually take a walk
⑦　节假日等名词前冠词
　　Children all wear their best clothes on National Day
People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day
注意：eveof短语加定冠词：
on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Year’s Day
⑧　球类棋类运动名词前冠词
　　play basketball play chess
⑨　作表语表示程度形容词高级前冠词
　　Your help was most timely This method is most effective
　　注意：果较范围形容词高级前必须加定冠词：
　　Of all methods this is the most effective
⑩　某固定词组里名词前冠词
　　on foot　by train boat plane…　in fact　as a matter of fact
　 in class　in church　in danger　in hospital　in town
　 in bed　at home　at school　at daybreak　at sunrise
　 at dusk　at sunset　at night　at noon　go to school
　 go to class　go to bed　from morning till night　from victory to victory
　 from door to door
V 注意事项
①　man作类讲时零冠词 Man will conquer nature　
②　某抽象名词具体化时数名词前加asurprise fire joy
　　He is a success as a teacher Long Jing is a famous tea in China
③　a姓氏前表示某知道名字熟悉
　　A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside
④　某句型中加a
It is a pity that you have missed the chance
It is a shame a pleasure a honour for sb to do sth
⑤　word 作消息讲时零冠词 Word came that he would go abroadgg
考点八：虚拟语气
虚拟语气测试涉方面：
1） 语表语位语宾语句中虚拟语气法
2） wish would rather虚拟语气结构法
3） if 条件句中虚拟语气法 应特注意省略if 倒装结构考试重点
4） if only 结构中虚拟语气法
5） but for or otherwise 等含蓄条件句法
6） It’s time (that) 等结构中虚拟语气法
虚拟语气虚拟条件句中运
条件句两类真实条件句虚拟条件句果假设情况发生真实条件句种情况谓语陈述语气：
If time permits we’ll go fishing together果时间允许起钓鱼
　果假设情况存发生虚拟条件句：
    If you had come yesterday you would have met that famous professor果昨天会见位著名教授（隐含事实：昨天没没见位著名教授）
含虚拟条件句复合句中句谓语虚拟语气现形式列表：
1．虚拟语气现时表示现事实相反假设结果
条件句
句
动词式（be were）
Wouldshouldcouldmight + 动词原形
If I were you I should(would could might)tell him the truth 会告诉真相（事实）
    If she had time she would(could might)help me果时间会帮（事实没时间）
2 语气式 表示事实相反假设结果
条件句
句
Had +分词
Wouldshouldcouldmight + have+分词
If you had taken my advice you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam果听建议会考试格（事实根没听）
3 虚拟语气式 表示事实相反假设结果
条件句
句
should+动词原形
were to+动词原形 would(couldshouldmight)+动词原形

Wouldshouldcouldmight +动词原形
   If it should rain the crops would(could might)be saved假天雨庄稼收获
注：表示事实相反条件句中were to + 动词原形较正式常书面语中：
    If you were to go to Beijing you would (could might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square
★★条件句中省if情况
    if引导表示虚拟条件状语句中常省略ifhad wereshould提句首：
    Had I seen the film I would have discussed it with them last night      假部电影昨晚起讨
    Were I a bird I could fly freely   假鸟翱翔
    Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest   周雨话农民收成
4句时间致情况虚拟语气(混合条件句)
     时条件句中动作结果句中动作发生时间致时动作形式应根表示时间加调整：
    If you had followed my advice you would be able to finish the work now果时听话现完成份工作（句说明句说明现）
    If I were you I would have gone to her birthday party果参加生日晚会（句说明现句说明）
    If you hadn’t lent me some money I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now假钱 买幢新房现住危房里（句说明句说明现）
5含蓄条件句
     非真实条件句中条件句时表出暗含文中种句子做含蓄条件句含蓄条件句体三种情况
Eg
     W hat would I have done without you      没会办呢？(条件暗含分词短语without you中)
     But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment      果没帮助实验会成功 (暗含条件but for your help)
     He must have the strength of a hippopotamus orotherwise he never could have vanquished that great beast    定力河马否绝会击败庞野兽(暗含条件连词or)
二虚拟语气某句中运
1 虚拟语气语句中法
    It is important (strange natural necessary) that…类句型中that引导语句中谓语动词常 (should)+动词原形结构表示某事重奇怪然必等意义：
    It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English 重北京说英语
    It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once 必马送医院
2 虚拟语气宾语句中法
  （1）动词wish宾语句中表示现事实相反观愿句通常省略连词that
    a表示现情况虚拟：句动词式进行式(be式were )表示：
    I wish I knew the answer to the question
    希知道问题答案（惜知道）
       b表示情况虚拟：句动词 had+分词：
    I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much time 悔该浪费时间（实际已
浪费掉）
    c表示观愿：谓语动词形式 wouldcouldmight+动词原形时注意句语句语相句语期句动作否实现取决句语态度意愿（非动作名词外）：
    I wish it would stop raining愿雨停止
    I wish you would be quiet希安静
（2）suggest（建议） demand(求) order(命令) propose(建议) insist（坚持做） command(命令) request(求) desire(希)等动词宾语句中谓语动词 (should)+动词原形表示建议求命令等：
    I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once建议马开会
    The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south位毕业学生坚持南方工作
 ★★  suggest表示暗示语somethinginsist表示坚持观点时接宾语句真实语气较：
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision沉默暗示着赞成决定
    He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision建议坚持决定
    He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health 坚持认做早操健康益
    He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day坚持天早操
3 虚拟语气表语句中法
     语advice suggestion order proposal等词时接表语句表语句中谓语动词常(should)+动词原形结构表示某建议劝告命令等：
    My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible建议常练说英语
4．特殊虚拟语气结构
  （1）虚拟语气状语句中
    as if as though引导状语句表示较方式时句中谓语动词虚拟语气 （法wish相）   
The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child位老师带位学生象亲生孩子样
    He speaks as if he had been to the United States说象真美国似
 （2）It is time (that)句中谓动词常动词式should+动词原形 表示虚拟语气
（3）I’d rather (that)…句型中句中虚拟语气
Eg
I would rather you did it now
I would rather you did it tomorrow
I would rather you had done it yesterday
5 if only 引起感叹句中 （法wish相）  
If only the driver didn’t drive so fast
6． for fear that in case lest 等引导状语句中should+动词原形
考点九：情态动词
1情态动词基法
(1)canbe able to could
①canbe able to表示力意思没区can现时be able to更形式成功完成某具体动作时通常couldwaswere able to表示时waswere able to 相managed to表示番努力终够完成某事：
Can you use chopsticks
The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the
end
②cancould
cancould表示力技许建议请求性较委婉客气提出问题陈述法般could回答时can：
Could you help me carry the bag
Can I help you
(2)maymight
①maymight表示maymight性
EgWhy isn’t he in class
    He may be sick(生病性较)
—     He might be sick(生病性较)
②maymight表示允许may现时时might常间接引语中表时might现时间表示较委婉语气回答may：
He says we may leave
He said we might leave
③may might 表示建议请求mightmay 更客气意思更肯定时态含义
—May Might I use your bike   
—Yes you can may
No you mustn’t
（3）must
①must表示必须应该没时态变化：
You must do everything as I do
②must表示肯定推测：
The light is still on so he must be at home
③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事：
You mustn’t smoke in the office
（4）have to
have to 表示必须某种外界（客观）原必须做某事表示常惯性事必须做have to否定形式表示必have to种时态中：
You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army
I have to be at my office every evening
（5）should ought to
①shouldought to表示应应该前者者语气轻：
You should ought to work hard
②should ought to否定形式表示禁止意：
Children shouldn’t smoke
③should表示陈述意见推出建议请求ought to表示劝告意：
You ought to respect your parents
He suggested that they should leave at once
④should 表示说话者吃惊语气 常翻译成竟然
You can’t imagine such a welldressed man should be so rude to a lady
（6）will would
①will 种称表示意志意愿决心等否定式won’t + 动词：
I will tell you all about it
Tom won’t do such a thing
②will疑问句中常第二称时表示说话方提出请求询问：
Will you please tell her the news when you see her
③will 表示惯性动作总惯含义：
Fish will die out of water
④would 表示客气请求建议意愿：
Would you please be quiet
Would you like coffee
⑤would 表示反复发生动作：
When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago
（7）need
need 作必讲作情态动词作实义动词作实义动词时面动词定式带to变化般动词相：
I need to think it over
Need you go now      
—Yes I mustNo I needn’t
（8）dare
dare表示敢意思作情态动词时疑问句否定句中dare作实义动词面带to定式时to省略dareneed法相似：
How dare you say that
She doesn’t date(to)ask her father
（9）used to
used to表示常常发生动作存惯现已复存：
He used to smoke
（10）shall
①shall作情态动词第二三称表示说话意愿命令警告威胁强制允许等意思：
We shall do as our teacher says
You shall have the book as soon as I finish it
②疑问句中shall征求方意见请求指示常第第三称：
Where shall he wait for us
Shall we go out for a walk
2情态动词表示推测判断法
表表示推测情态动词场合：
情态动词 现未推测 推测  场 合
must + 动词原形  must+ have done 肯定句
may might + 动词原形  May might+ have done 肯定句否定句
can could +do  Can could+have done 否定句疑问名（could肯定句）
should 表示种估计情况理会估计会should dobe should have done 肯定句否定句疑问句
 例：
It must have rained last night
She may not be at home It is possible that she is not at home
She can’t be at home It is impossible that she is at home
They should be there right now
3情态动词虚拟语气中法
情态动词虚拟语气中表示责备感情色彩法：
（1）should have done表示应该做某事实际未做shouldn’t have done表示应该做某事实际做：
You should have told me about it earlier
You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents
（2）ought to have done表示应该……ought not to have done意应该……：
You ought to have told me about it earlier
You ought not to have said such words to your parents
（3）needn’t have done表示必做某事实际做：
You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough
（4）could have done表示……事实未做：
I could have come on time but my car broke on the way
二精典名题导解
选择填空
1 I was really anxious about you You________home without a word(NMET  2001)
Amustn’t have               Bshouldn’t have left
Ccouldn’t have left           Dneedn’t have
解析：答案B题考查情态动词虚拟语气中法题目出条件确实非常担心面知应责备you应该没说句话离开
2—Are you coming to Jeff’s party
—I’m not sure I__________ go to the concert instead(NMET  2000)
Amust           Bwould          Cshould           Dmight
解析：答案D题考查情态动词基法题目中I’m not sure表明Jeff’s party音乐会might
3 —Will you stay for lunch
—Sorry ____________ My brother is coming to see me(NMET  99)
AI mustn’t        BI can’t          CI needn’t         DI won’t
解析：答案B题考查表示请求英语口语will第二称提问疑问结构表示种请求意愿疑问形式表达较婉转祈语气意思请……种问句肯定回答：Suree Gertainly Yes of course I’d be glad to 等否定回答通常：I’m sorry I can’t No I’m afraid I can’t I’m sorry but … I’d like to but …等注意情态动词表客气法般疑问句中问答
考点十：倒装句
1 完全倒装
表示方式方位副词介词短语置句首
eg In the dark forest _______ some large enough to hold several English towns
A stand many lakes B lie many lakes
C many lakes lie D many lakes stand
Key B
2 部分倒装
a only修饰副词介词短语状语句放句首时
eg Only then ______ how much damage had been caused
A she realized B she had realized
C had she realized D did she realized
Key D
b 否定副词nevernornothardlylittleseldomrarely等置句首时
eg Little _____ that we were watching his every move so he seemed to be going his own way in this business
A he realized B he didn’t realize
C didn’t he realize D did he realize
Key D
c 重句型
So + be情态助 动词 + 语
Neither + be情态助动词 + 语
So + adjadv … + that …
Neither … nor …
Not only … but also …
Not until …
eg If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party ___________
A he will either B neither will he
C he neither will D either he will
Key B
3 形式倒装
as 引导步状语句必须强调信息放句首
eg _______ his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting
A Strange as might it sound B As it might sound strange
C As strange it might sound D Strange as it might sound
Key D
考点十：强调句
1强调句型
It iswas + 强调部分 + that + 句子成分
a 强调句变般疑问句特殊疑问句
b not…until强调句型
eg It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of days _____ I found we had a lot in common
A was until when B was until that
C wasn’t unitl when D wasn’t until that
Key D
c 强调句中含定语句句
eg It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance
A which B it C that D this
Key C
d 强调句中强调时间装状语 It is +时间+ when定语句等句式区分

2． 谓语动词强调
强调谓语 dodoesdid
考点十二：省略句
1 定式省略
a 省略动词定式动词保留to常expect forget intend like love mean prefer seem try want等面
b have need ought be going used等面
c 否定形式省略not to
d 果定式中含 be have have been 通常保留be have have been
2 状语句中省略
a 状语句语句语致时省略状语句中语be
b 句语it谓语动词中含be时省略itbe
c so not代文容
考点十三：介 词
介词表示面名词代词短语句等句子成分关系词句子中单独名词代词数词动名词等构成介词短语作句子成分介词分简单介词复合介词双重介词短语介词分词介词五种类型高考介词考查点：
1常见介词法
2介词固定搭配：
1）介词名词代词构成介词短语句中作状语宾语表语宾补语置定语
2）介词前面动词形容词构成动词词组面宾语时词组相物动词
3常见表示时间点方式介词法
4某意思较相介词法辨析
5介词表达种意义场合意义介词
6复合介词双重介词
解题策略：
● 牢记固定介词词组
●正确握重介词法
● 辨析意义相介词
点点拨
复时握三点：
A 注意理解情景意义：介词表达种意义场合意义介词
He hasn’t come for a month (for 持续时间)
The day is warm for April （for ……言）
B 突破关键介词in on at with by from of to for
1 表示时间：at in on since from to after within during throughout towards over by till
2 表示穿越through across over
3．表示理位置：in on to
4． 表示原目：for with from
5 表示关about concerning regarding with regard to as for as to
6 表示根：on according to
7 in the corner on the corner at the corner 区
8．between among
9．besides except but except for
10．in with
C 注意介词搭配集中纳反复练
1 固定to 构成搭配名词：key answer visit apology introduction note etc
2 on 关：mercy congratulations
3 at关：angry good bad clever terrified surprised
4 of 关：afraid sure full tired fond proud worthy certain
5 with 关：angry strict careful busy poplar
6 to 关：next good polite kind cruel rude known anxious married close near similar due
7 for 关：sorry good free fit unfit eager anxious hungry
8 from 关：far different free safe absent tired
组介词区：
表示点时 at in on 区
★ at 表示较方(村庄 城镇门牌) 某物旁(确定方)
★ in 表示较方(国家城市) 某物范围(点排列序)
★ on 表示某物(表面接触) road 前on street前inon 楼层on farm前on field前in
二 表示时间时 at in on区
★ at表示时间点(点中午午夜夜里某日期段时间开头结尾)(at sunrise at the weekend at Christmas)
★ on 表示特定某天某天午午晚等
★ in 表示段时间接月年季等表段时间名词
三 表持续时间since for in after区
★ since 接某时间点 常完成时
★ for 接段具体时间 常完成时
★ in + 段时间非延续性动词连表段时间时 延续性动词连表段时间时态限
★ after + 段时间常时
四 表方位介词in on to off区
★ in 表示境
★ on 表示相邻边界 境
★ to 表示境外 接壤
★ off 表示海面海岸方
五 表示运动方目介词
★ across 表示穿物体表面横
★ through 表示某空间通穿
★ along 表示着条线行
★ up 表示南北东西海陆方方农村城市 反down
★ to 表示动作目 towards指达意思 for表示前目连动词leave start off set out head sail 等
六 表示 外介词
★ besides 表示包含 外
★ except 表示排 外
★ but 表示排 nobody none no one nothing anything everyone all who 等连
★ except for 表示整体中部分

七 介词 among between 区
★ among 表示三物间接复数名词集体名词
★ between 两者间 三两两间(具体名词已列出)
八 表示价格率标准速度介词
★ at 表示价值价格 率速度 表单价
★ for 表示交换 指总价钱
★ by 表示度量单位标准 接表计量单位名词般单数前面需加定冠词the 数词复数名词前加
九介词with面加doingdoneadjprepprepphrase复合结构作定语状语

考点十四：形容词副词
·高考形容词考查项目
1）形容词作定语表语宾语补足语法
2）较等级：原级较级高级
副词考查项目
1）时间点方式程度疑问连接关系等副词法
2）较等级：原级较级高级
·解题策略：
高考题中次出现形容词副词考点考查侧重语境考查题目占较重答类题目时仅仅理解形容词副词词义语境正确理解更重
·知识盘点
* 形容词法
1．形容词修饰名词说明事物性质特征通常形容词分成性质形容词叙述形容词两类位置定放名词前面
1）直接说明事物性质特征形容词性质形容词级变化程度副词修饰句中作定语表语补语
2）叙述形容词作表语称表语形容词类形容词没级变化程度副词修饰数a开头形容词属类
类词： wellunwellillfaintafraidalikealivealoneasleepawake 等
3）形容词作定语修饰名词时放名词前边果形容词修饰thing字尾词语时放词例：something nice
2 ly结尾形容词
1） 部分形容词加ly构成副词 friendlydeadlylovelylonelylikelylivelyuglybrotherly形容词
2）ly 结尾形容词副词dailyweeklymonthlyyearlyearly等
3 形容词表示类整体
1） 某形容词加定冠词泛指类谓语动词复数连接the deadthe livingthe richthe poorthe blindthe hungry等
2） 关国家民族形容词加定冠词指民族整体动词复数连the Britishthe Englishthe Frenchthe Chinese等
4 形容词修饰名词序
形容词修饰名词时限定词+数量词（序数词前基数词）+性状形容词+长短高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table
面口诀帮记住先序解题关键
　　限定描绘长高
　　形状年龄新老
　　颜色国籍材料
　　作类
中限定词包括：冠词物代词指示代词数词位类形容词前身分三位：前中前位限定词allhalfboth分数倍数中位限定词冠词指示代词物代词等位限定词基数词序数词序数词位基数词前both my handsall half his income等描绘性形容词：beautifulbadcoldgreat等长高表示长短高低等词表示形状词：round square等国籍指国家区词材料词：wooden woolen stone silk等作类词：medical collegewriting deskpolice car等
句简单口诀更容易记记：限观形龄色国材
* 副词基法
副词修饰动词形容词副词结构
副词位置
1） 动词前
2） be动词助动词　
3） 助动词时副词般放第助动词
注意：
a 数方式副词位句尾宾语长副词提前句子衡
b 方式副词wellbadlyhard等放句尾
二副词排列序：
1） 时间点副词单位前单位
2） 方式副词短前长andbut等连词连接
3） 副词排列：程度+点+方式+时间副词
注意：副词very 修饰形容词修饰动词
注意：副词enough放形容词面形容词enough放名词前
三兼两种形式副词
1） closeclosely
　 close意思closely 意思仔细
2） late lately
　　late意思晚lately 意思
3） deepdeeply
　 deep意思深表示空间深度deeply时常表示感情深度深深
4） highhighly
　　high表示空间高度highly表示程度相much
5） widewidely
　　wide表示空间宽度widely意思广泛许方
6） freefreely
　　free意思免费freely 意思限制
* 形容词副词较级
数形容词（性质形容词）副词较级高级变化原级较级高级表示事物等级差原级形容词原形较级高级规变化规变化两种
1） 规变化
　 单音节词少数双音节词加词尾erest构成较级高级
构成法
原级
较级
高级
般单音节词末尾加erest
tall
taller
tallest
发音e结尾单音词少数 le结尾双音节词加rst
nice
nicer
nicest
辅音字母结尾闭音节单音节词双写结尾辅音字母加erest
big
bigger
biggest
辅音字母+y结尾双音节词改yi加erest　　　
busy
busier
busiest
少数erow结尾双音节词未尾加erest
clevernarrow
cleverer narrower
cleverest narrowest
双音节词音节词前面加moremost构成较级高级
important easily
more important more easily
most important most easily
 2） 规变化
原级
较级
高级
good
better
best
well（健康）
worse
worst
bad
ill（病）
old
olderelder
oldesteldest
muchmany
more
most
little
less
least
far
fartherfurther
farthestfurthest
* 固定结构法
1．as + 形容词副词原级 + as
1）否定句疑问句中so… as
2）as… as 中间名词时采格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + manymuch +名词
注意：
tooso构成 too+形容词+ a +单数名词 结构
3）表示倍数词程度副词做修饰语时放as前面
4）倍数+ as + adj + as　<> 倍数+ the … + of例：
This bridge is three times as long as that one 座桥长度座三倍
This bridge is three times the length of that one
Your room is twice as large as mine 房间两倍
Your room is twice the size of mine
2．较级形容词副词 + than
注意：
1）避免重复较级
2）避免语含较象中
3）注意应句型遵循前致原
4）注意定冠词较级中
3． 修饰较级词
1）a bit a little rather much far by far many a lot lots a great deal any still even等
2）表示倍数词度量名词作修饰语
3）词（by far）外必须置较级形容词副词前面
4 many old far
1） 果接名词时much more +数名词many more +数名词复数　　　
2） old 两种较级高级形式 olderoldest eldereldesteldereldest 兄弟姐妹长幼关系
3） far 两种较级fartherfurther般father 表示距离further表示进步
5． the + 高级 + 较范围
1）形容词高级前通常必须定冠词 the副词高级前
形容词most前面没the表示高级含义表示非常
注意：高级注意语包括较范围
2）较级前much(a)little a lot far even still any a great deal rather等副词表示较程度many(a)few表示数量较more前
外too very quite so rather等应原级例
列词修饰高级by far far much mostly almost
注意：
a very修饰高级位置much
b 序数词通常修饰高级
3） 高级意义时较级表示出
4） 否定词语+较级否定词语+ so… as结构表示高级含义
6 more关词组
1） the more…the more…　越……越……
2） more B than Aless A than B 说A说B
3） no more… than… ……样…………
　　no less… than…　……样……
4） more than　非常
7．the+形容词副词较级+of the two 两中更……
8．高级表示较范围介词例
Han Meimei is the youngest ______ all the students
A in B than C of D over
高级通常会inof引导介词短语表示较范围in表示定场范围进行较of表示类象进行较该题选C






考点十五：动词时态语态考点盘点
1动词时态考查点简述
（1）般现时考点分析
①表示客观事实普通真理（受时态限制）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun
Water boils at 100oC
②表示现状性质状态时系动词状态动词表示常惯性动作动作动词常表频率时间状语连
Ice feels cold
We always care for each other and help each other
③表示知觉态度感情某种抽象关系概念词常般现时：seehearsmelltastefeelnoticeagreebelievelikehatewantthinkbelong seem等：
I know what you mean
Smith owns a car and a house
All the students here belong to No1 Middle School
④时间条件状语句中常般现时代时注意if 引导条件状语句中shallwill表意愿表示时态
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party my family will be pleased果愿意接受参加舞会家会非常高兴
⑤少数表示起止动词comegoleavearriveflyreturnstartbeginpencloseendstop等常般现时代时表示规定计划安排发生动作be表示根时间事先安排肯定会出现状态般现时
The shop closes at 1100 pm every day
Tomorrow is Wednesday
（2）般时考点分析（考核重点）
①般时基法：表示事情动作状态常表示具体时间状语连（文语境暗示）表达惯表示说话原没料想希事通常式：
I met her in the street yesterday
I once saw the famous star here
They never drank wine
I thought the film would be interestingbut it isn’t
②果句中时间状语句中动作先句发生句中谓语动词连式：
He told me he read an interesting novel last night
③表示两紧接着发生动作常词语连接般时：but and when as soon as immediately the moment the minute
The moment she came in she told me what had happened to her
He bought a watch but lost it
④常般时句型：
Why didn’t you I think of that
I didn’t notice it
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before
I didn’t recognize him
（3）般时考点分析
①表示未动作状态常will shall + 动词（常表示时间状语边tomorrownext week等）
②表示种趋惯动作
We’ll die without air or water
③表示趋行动词comegostartbeginleave等词常进行时形式表示时
④be going towill shall be to do be about to do法区：
be going to 表示现算做某事种算事先考虑甚已做某种准备shall will do表示未事先考虑说话时时作出决定
be going to 表条件状语句句中will表意愿：
If it is fine we’ll go fishing(正确)
If it is fine we are going to go fishing(错误)
be to do sth表计划安排发生动作表示吩咐命令禁止性等
A meeting is to be held at 300 o’clock this afternoon
be about to do sth表示面接时间状语状语句
Autumn harvest is about to start
（4）现进行时考点分析
①表示说话时正发生着动作表示现阶段定发生讲话时表期特定安排计划gocome等起止动作进行时代时：
It is raining now
He is teaching English and learning Chinese
I am meeting Mr Wang tonight
We are leaving on Friday
At six I am bathing the baby(I start bathing the bady before six)
The girl is always talking loud in public(alwaysoften等频度副词连表常反复行动某种感情色彩)
②面四类动词宜现进行时（A）表示心理状态情感动作：like love hate care remember believe want mind wish agree mean need（B）表存状态动词：appear exist lie remain seem belong to depend on（C）表示时性动作动词：allow accept permit promise admit complete（D）表示感官动词：see hear notice feel smell sound taste look
（5）完成时考点分析（考核重点）
①常完成时种情况：（A）byby the endby the timeuntilbeforesince接表示某时间短语句前发生动作：By the end of last year we had produced 20000 cars The train had left before we reached the station (B)表示实现希算意图诺言等常had hoped planned meant intended
though wanted expected等述动词式接定式完成式表示：hoped planned … + to have done（C）时间名词 + before句子中作状语谓语动词完成时时间名词 + ago句中作状语谓语动词般式：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago（D）表示……句型：Hardly No sooner Scarcely had + 语 + 分词 + when than before + 般时：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started No sooner had we been seated than the bus started
②beforeafter引导时间状语句中般时态代完成时
After he (had)left the room the boss came in
We arrived home before it snowed
（6）时考点分析
参般时：would dowas were going to do sth表comegoleave等进行时表时was were to do sthwas were about to do sth表
（7）进行时考点分析
①某时刻正进行动作某阶段发生频繁发生
②某动作发生时动作正发生中whenwhile引导时间状语句中
（8）现完成时考点分析
①现完成时forsince引导状语连外面介词短语连：during in over the last(past)few years (months weeks)in recent years等
②列句型中常现完成时
It is (has been) + 段时间 + since句
This(That It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时
This(That It)is the only … + that + 完成时
This(that It)is the best finest most interesting … + that 句 + 完成时
③时间条件状语句中现完成时代般时：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it
If you have done the experiment you will realize the theory better
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped
（9）注意组时态区：
①般时现完成时：时间差异：时间均时态完成时态含agolast yearjust nowthe other day等
结果差异：现完成时强调现影响结果动作现刚完成继续般时强调动作发生现毫关系
②完成时般时：完成时强调出现语连续动作（连谓）形式般时
2动语态考查点简述
动语态构成方式：be + 分词口语get become + 分词表示动语态基法：知道没必提动作执行者谁时动语态强调突出动作承受者常动语态（by短语时省略）
（1）动语态时应注意问题
①动变化动时双宾语变化列例句
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday
②动变动时宾补成补（位置变）（作补语）定式前需加to
The boss made him work all day long
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短语动词变动语态时勿掉尾巴
The children were taken good care of (by her)
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to
④情态动词be going tobe tobe sure toused tohave tohad better等结构变动语态需面动词原形变be +分词
⑤句子谓语saybelieveexpectthinkknowwriteconsiderreport等时动语态两种形式：（A）谓语动词动语态动词定式作补（B）it作形式语真正语面语面语句表示：
People say he is a smart boy
It is said that he is a smart boy
He is said to be a smart boy
People know paper was made in China first
It is known that paper was made in China first
Paper was known to be made in China first
类似句型：It is said known suggested believed hoped thought that …
（2）动语态种情况
①物动词物动词词组动语态中
②表示状态谓语动词：lastholdbenefitcontainequalfitjoinmeanlastlook likeconsist to等
③表示属动词haveownbelong to等
④表示希意图动词：wishwanthopelikelovehate等
⑤宾语反身代词相互代词时谓语动词动语态动语态
⑥宾语源宾语定式动名词等谓语动词动语态
⑦动词动形式表示动意义特语物时常见动词sellwritewashopenlock等
（3）动形式表动意义
①feellooksmelltastesound等面接形容词时cutreadsellwearwrite等词带状语修饰语时动词表示开始结束关停转启动等意义时
This kind of cloth washes easily种布易洗
These novels won’t sell well说畅销
My pen writes smoothly钢笔写起流畅
The door won’t lock门锁
The fish smells good鱼闻起香
②break outtake placeshut offturn offwork out等动词表示发生关闭制定等意思时
The plan worked out successfully
The lamps on the wall turn off
③want require need面动名词动表示动含义
④be worth doing动形式表示动含义
⑤be + 形容词 + to do中定式逻辑宾语句子语动代动
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink
The girl isn’t easy to get along with
外：be to blame(受谴责)be to rent（出租）动形式表动
（4）动形式表示动意义种情况
①be seated坐着
He is seated on a bench（He seats himself on a bench）坐凳子
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door(He hid himself behind the door)藏门
③be lost迷路
④be drunk喝醉
⑤be dressed穿着
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt
（5）动语态系表结构区
动语态强调动作系表结构表语特点状态：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore(动语态)
The book is well sold(系表结构)
二精典名题导解
选择填空
1 Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits(NMET 2001)
Awill request Bare requested
Care requesting Drequest
解析：答案B题时态难判断说条规定般现时visitorrequest间动宾关系request visitors not to touch the exhibits究竟谁求样做呢？清楚必知道需动语态分析visitorsrequest间关系题解题关键
2 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly(NMET 2001)
Ais changing Bhas changed
Cwill have changed Dwill change
解析：答案A题考查现进行时态法句意选择部移动电话件容易事科技发展十分迅速句句般现时表达目前情况科技发展迅速现阶段正存种状态现进行时表达
3 All the preparations for the task ___________ and we’re ready to start（2000年春季高考）
Acompleted Bcomplete
Chad been completed Dhave been completed
解析：答案D现完成时表示年做事现影响and we’re ready to start句意知切准备工作已绪开始工作complete物动词句子语动关系需动语态表达注意①分清complete语间关系②结合语境选择正确时态
考点十六：动词短语考点盘点
1break
vt A 破碎断
Who broke the window into pieces
He fell and broke his leg
Try not to break the silence
B违反
He often breaks his promisehis word the law the rule
C语
break away突然离开
break away from sb脱离离开背弃
break down 中断粉碎发生障（身体）跨（机器）坏
break forth迸发爆发发泄
break in闯进断
break in on sb断某谈话
break into…闯入侵占
break…into pieces碎 break off折断突然中断
break…open 撬开 break out爆发 
break through…突破
break…up开垦破碎解散分解
break with sb某断交
break sb＇s heart某心碎
2bring 
A vt 带（远）
Bring me the paper please
He forgot to bring his umbrella
May I bring her to see you
Shall I bring the books upstairs
After we were seated she brought out dishes
B语
bring…about造成导致
bring… down落（飞机禽鸟等）降低（物价温度等）
bring… forward提出
bring…in引进介绍收获
bring…into being实现产生
bring…into effectpractice实行贯彻
bring…out出版发表
bring…to an end a stop a close终止结束
bring… to mind想起回忆起
bring…together集合召集
bring…up养育呕吐
bring…to victory走胜利
bring…to safety带安全带
3catch
A vt 抓住逮住挂住
He caught my hand and held it tightly
We caught ten monkeys in all
The nail caught my coat
vi 挂住 His coat caught on a nail The kite caught in a tree
B赶搭We＇ll hurry and catch the 1030 bus
C听懂Pease repeat it I didn＇t quite catch you
Do you catch my meaning
D染He caught a bad flu
E（出意）撞碰She caught him smoking
Some boys were caught stealing flowers from the garden
F 撞碰The ship was caught in a hurricane
One night we were caught in a thunderstorm
Hurry up and don＇t get caught in a storm
G语
catch at sth 想抓住设法抓住
catch sb by surprise出意抓住
catchgetseizetake hold of…（突然）抓住抓牢
catch sb＇s attentioneye吸引某注意 
catch sight of…发现
catch the point of…抓住…点
catch up赶
catch up with…赶… 补COME
4．Do
A aux v
(1) 帮助构成般时般现时疑问否定式
They do not believe it
When id they arrive there
(2) 肯定句祈句中加强语气
I do miss you Mum
She does sing well
Do be on time
So she did come after all
(3) 表示前边提动作（免重复）
May I come round in the evening Yes please do
I knew he would help us and he did
(4) 某倒装句中
Only then did I realize he had been wrong
Never did he know anything about it
B 做 vt
Can I do anything for you
We often do our homework together
The glass is broken who did it
We did some reading last night
She did most of the talking
C vi
(1) 表示生活学等情况
How do you do
They did very well in English but badly in maths
How did you do in the exam
How are you doing
(2) 行够
Talking with your mouth full won＇t do
On e piece of bread will do
(3) 做办
Do as you are told to
When in Rome do as the Romans do
Let her do as she likes
D语
do…with…处理 What have you done with my bike
can do with… I can do with the old bed
do something about……采取措施
do sb a favordo a favor for sb帮某忙
do away with…废破掉
do sb goodharmwrong do goodharmwrong to sb 某益害冤枉某
do one＇s best bitpartdo everythingallwhat one can力
do …up包扎扣（纽扣）
do without…没…行需
have something to do with……关
do rightwrong做做错
come
A vi
　She is coming in no time Here comes the soup
He came running all the way
逐渐
He has come to love the stories by William Shakespeare
He has come to realize the importance of good English
B link v
His dream finally came true
C语
come about发生
come across…偶遇偶尔发现
come along道起进步赶快
come at…袭击
come by… 获
How did you come by these pictures
come away脱离折断
come back回复员恢复
come down倒跌落传
come down with…患（病）
come (in) firstsecond第二
come forth出涌现
come forward 前进告奋勇涌现
come from… 出身
come in into sight出现见
come into being existence发生产生出现
come into effect force开始生效开始实施
come into power office台掌握政权
come into use 开始
come off脱落发生
come on（风雨等）演出赶快
come out长出出版
come out against… 起反
come out with… 讲出泄露（秘密等）
come to come to oneslef苏醒
come to …总计谈
His earnings comes to 182000 a year
When it comes to football everyone likes David Beckham
come a conclusion出结告段落
come to a sto an end停止
come to nothing毫结果失败
come to the point说点抓住关键
come up走长出流行
come upon…碰见
5feel感觉觉
A (1) vt
Do you feel any pain when I press here
Facing this situation they felt both joy and fear
(2) link v I don＇t feel very well today
The busier he is the happier he feels
The desk feels smooth
(3) vt 接复合宾语
I felt someone go upstairs
I felt a great weight taken off my mind after the exam
She felt their eyes watching her when she came to the stage
She felt herself (to be) right
I felt it my duty to help you
He felt it necessary to talk about his own shortcomings
(4) vt 宾语句
He felt strongly that we should take some action about the bad practice
B vt 摸 He felt the pot and it felt very hot
C语
feel like doing sth想 feel one＇s way摸索前进
feel sb＇s pulse切脉
feel as if as though感觉似 
She felt as if she were a member of the family
feel quite oneself 觉身体
6find
A vt (1) 发现
I found a wallet on the street corner yesterday
He found her in dangerHe found that she was in danger
I found him (to be) a tough guyI found that he was a tough guy
This method was found to be practicalIt was found that the method was practical
I find it interesting to read these stories I find that it is interesting to read these stories
I found a dog killed in the park I found that a dog had been killed in the park
I found a man breaking into a warehouse I found that a man was breaking into a warehouse
(2) 找
Have you found the book you have been looking for
B语
find…out查清楚弄明白解听
find one＇s way to sp设法赶进入
They found their way to the front of the crowd
The news found its way to a lot of people
find fault with sb 某吹毛求疵挑剔
find oneself…发现…觉…
They found themselves in a difficult situation
Then I found myself surrounded by some boys
He found himself walking in the direction to the park发现知觉公园方走
7get
A vt弄Where did you get these good ideas
Let me go get the doctor
Will you get me a ticketWill you get a ticket for me
He got a poor wage
Let＇s get something to eat
B语
get about（消息）传开
A rumor(谣传) got around that Fu Biao was ill in hospital
get…across讲清楚渡
I wonder how to get my new ideas across
get ahead of…领先
get along进展活相处
get away逃掉
get away from…避免摆脱离开
get back回 get…back收回找回
get behind落 get …down记
get down to (business work studies)认真做
get to know realizelovelike逐渐解爱
get in进
get…in收进请 get off起飞车出发
get…off脱
get on…车船飞机等继续进行相处
get…out拔出洗掉出版
get out传出
News got out that you were leaving
get over…克服摆脱
get rid of…消灭摆脱掉
get round…绕回避
get somewhere结果成
get through…做完结束完完
get together聚会联欢
get up起床举办
The students are going to get up a concert on May Day
have gothave
have got tohave to
8give vt Who is going to give the talk
He was given a good beating last night
语
give…away泄露送掉分配
give…back报复 giveforth发出发表
give in屈服步 give…in交
give in to sb sth屈服…步
give…off放出发出（光热气味等）
give oneself up to doing sth 献身专心
give up放弃投降
give…up停止戒掉
give way to sb步位
As winter gave way to spring days were getting longer
given that假定已知
give sb a hand帮某忙 give rise to导致
9go 
A vi 走
He has gone back home a newspaper
Pride goes before a fall
B link v
He went hungry for a week
His face went pale when he heard the news
This guy went wild crazy mad after the loss of his wife
Don＇t ever eat the bread It has gone bad
C语
go after…设法追求
go along前发展 We＇ll learn as we go along
go back on one＇s word promise失信
go back to…追溯 This custom goes back to Roman times
go beyond…超 go down落减弱
go up增长提高 go into…研究事
go off爆炸（电水等）停掉
go ahead继续进行做吧
go all out全力赴
go and do sth go to do sth go down on one＇s knees跪
go in for喜爱事 go on发生持续
go on to do sth接着做（件事情）
go on doing sth继续做（件事情）
go on with sth 继续做（件事情间隔）
go out熄灭时
go over sth浏览复审阅
go through…历检查
go shopping fishing skiing skating begging boating swimming fox hunting sightseeing mountain climbing
go from bad to worse况愈
go from door to door
be gone丢走复返
Gone are the days when we studied together happily
have a go试
go out of one＇s way to do sth 辞辛劳做……
go to hell见鬼吧
go to sleep睡着
go through with………进行底
go well with………相配协调
go without…吃……日子
Sometimes they went for days without washing their faces
10have
句型1 have sb sth do sth Let＇s have them stand facing the wall
句型2 have sb sth doing 
We had the fire burning all night
I won＇t have you talking to your dad like that
句型3 have sb sth done I will have my radio fixed
He had his wallet stolen
句型4 have sth to do I have a letter to write
句型5 have to do sth I have to get up early every day
语
动词行名词连表示动作：have a talk with…
have a look glance glimpse at have a meeting discussion operation haircut
have an English lesson have a swim wash rest try smoke taste dream walk
have a cold cough headache pain
have lunch some beer
have a goodpleasant tough bad hard difficult terrible time
They had a hard time solving the problem
have fun
have a worda few words with sb have words with sb
have something nothing a lot to do with…
have sth on
had better (not) do sth have something with sb身携带
have a baby
have a test talk speech lecture chat
have had enough of厌倦
have sth back回
have one＇s own way意思办行素
have sth to oneself完全
You can have the house entirely to yourself
11hold
A vt着握着 
Holding my hand he tried to calmed me down
Hold the line please
容纳 How much water can the tank hold
拥占He held the position for years
举行Chinese film weeks will be held in other places
B语
hold…back阻碍忍住保留
hold…down 控制 镇压
hold…forth提出
hold…in memory 记住
hold on坚持（电话）挂
hold on to…抓住放
hold out坚持底维持伸出
We must hold out and the enemy will give up
They were ready to hold out a friendly hand
hold to sth紧紧抓住坚持（路线道路法等）
hold…together合（起）团结（起）
hold…up举起耽搁耽误
The storm held us up so we were late for the meeting
Their wages were help up or reduced for no reason
12keep
A vt
(1)保留 I＇ll keep a seat for you
(2)养活饲养 He has a large family to keep He keeps some chicken
(3)……处……状态 Sorry to have kept you waiting
Let＇s keep the door open but keep the windows closed
You must keep us well informed
Mr Xue always keeps us busy 
Close the door to keep the cold out
Let＇s keep the room in order
B link v 保持
We must keep fitWe must keep in good health Keep calm in time of danger
C语
keep a record of登记记录 keep a secret保密
keep watch注意提防
keep one＇s promiseword履行诺言
keep the lawrule遵守法律法规
keep…apart分离
keep away接避开
keep…back扣阻止留忍住（眼泪等）
keep birthday Christmas庆祝生日圣诞等
keep body and soul together维持生活
keep…down控制缩减
keep sb doing sth ……坚持做
keep silence保持安静保持沉默
keep sth to oneself……
keep sb from doing sth 阻止免抑制
keep hold of…抓住放
keep …in mind记住
keep doing sth 继续做断做
keep on doing sth 停做反复做
keep…out许……入
keep out of…参
keep sb company某做伴 陪伴某
keep to sth坚持固守（惯等）
keep…under control控制
keep in touch with…保持联系
keep up坚持继续 keep up with…
keep watch守站岗
13know
A vt
(1)知道 I have known him since childhood
(2)懂 Do you know Japanese
B语
be known as…通称著称认
be known for…出名
be known to sb某解
become well known出名
for allanything everything I know 知
It is well known that…众周知
know about of解知道
know…for certain确实知道
know sb by name仅知道某名字（认识）
know sb by sight某面熟（熟悉）
knowlearn …by heart背诵
make…knownpublic公告发表表示
know tell right from wrong辨非
know no limits限
A man＇s life is limited but service to the people knows no limits
14leave
A vi离开离He left in a hurry without telling anyone
When are you leaving
B vt(1)留 She asked us to leave our address
(2)处某种状态
Sorry to have left some questions unanswered
He left the window open 
She left the baby crying bitterly
The illness left him rather weak
(3)剩We have only three months left
C语
leave…about乱放 leave…alone放
leave…behind留遗 
leave A for B离开AB
leave hold of…放弃松手
leave nothing to be desired善美
leave …off停止
leave …out省遗漏 leave…over留剩
leave room for留……余
15look
A vi
He looked happily at his great grandchildren playing about him
B link v起 He looks cheerful and carefree
C语
havetake a look a…
have a look of…仿佛
look about四环顾
look about for…四寻找
look after…目送
look ahead考虑未预做准备
look as if…似象 look at…
look away from…转移目光 look back回头
look back on upon…回忆回顾
look down on upon…俯视蔑视
look for…寻找
look forward to doing sth 期展
look in（便）
He looked in on Mr Smith on his way to work
He went to look in at the fish farm
look into…窥视调查 look like…起
look on旁观 look on A as B 认AB
look out外 注意警戒
look out for…提防
look …over审阅 翻阅
look through…透…… 彻底调查头底
look up to sb 尊敬仰某
look up仰视胸怀志
look sth up查阅 look sb in the eye face直视某
16make
A vt
(1)做制造
Cell phones are made in this factory
(2)表示动作名词连表示动作活动
make a study of study make use of use
make an examination of examine 
make an explanation of explain
make a fool offool make fun of
make repairs
make a suggestion suggest 
make an attempt attempt
make an answer answer 
make a decisiondecide
make preparations forprepare for make a guess atguess
make a speech make arrangements
(3)（做）（成）
He made us work day and night We were made to work day and night
Praise make good men better and bad men worse
We made you our monitor 
What made you so frightened
This machine makes it possible for us to finish the work in a short time
He made it a rule to get up at six every morning(规定)
(4)条件成
She will make a good housewife Cold tea makes an excellent drink in summer
B语
be made from……原料制成 
be made of……材料制成 
be made out of……制成 
be made up of……组成 
be made into制成…… 
be made to do sth 迫做
make forhead for make towards走
make oneself understoodheard理解听
make…out理解清楚辨认
make…up弥补补偿起草捏造化装构成占言解
make a living谋生 make bed铺床
make…clear表明说明
make ends meet应付开支维持生活收支相抵
make friends with……交朋友
make one＇s way to sp……走
make room way for……路
make surecertain定保证做核实
Make sure that you get there in time
We must make certain they will come in time
make the bestmost of量利充分利
make up one＇s mind决心决定
to make a long story short长话短说
make sb＇s hair stand on end……毛骨悚然
make a fire生火
17put
A vt 放 He put the book where he found it
B语
put…across清楚表达
put an enda stop to sth结束消灭
put…aside放边抛弃积蓄
put…away收起储存备
put…back放回原处拨回（钟表指针等）
put…down放镇压记削减
put…forth发表提出
put…forward提出建议拨快（钟表指针等）
put…in插话伸进
put…off推迟延期脱（衣服等）
put…on穿增加（体重等）演
put…out放出熄灭出版生产
put…right改正（错误）整理治愈
put sb at ease某放心安心宽心
put through…完成
put A through to BA接通B（电话）
put…together合计装配（机器等）……放起 
put…up举起挂起搭起演陈列张贴
put up with…忍受
put…into practice应实践中
put sb to bed发睡觉
put sth tointo use应
put…into English翻译成英语
put in a word for sb某进言
put sb in charge某负责
put sth in order井井条
put on airs摆架子
put sb to deathtest处死考验
18run
A vi (1)跑 They came running to meet us
(2)行驶 The train was running at 80 miles an hour
(3)流All the rivers will run into the sea
We mustn＇t let the water run to waste
His nose is running all day because he has a bad cold
B vt 理营They have run six factories
He runs the school well
C link v 变The river began to run dry 
Our food supply is running low
His blood ran cold at the news 
Their money is running short
The garden was running wild
D语
run a fever发高烧 run after sb sth追求
run away逃跑 run for…竞选
run into…邂逅偶遇 run on滔滔绝说
run out（某物）完 run out of…完（某物）
run short（某物）短缺 run short of…短缺（某物）
run up to…合计高达 run a risk险
run across…邂逅偶遇 run ahead of…领先
run away with…带……逃走
run against…邂逅偶遇违反
run at…袭击
run over溢出 run over…目浏览
run smooth进展利
run through…花光略谈
run up迅速成长（物价）涨
run upon…邂逅偶遇
19see
A vt (1)见
I saw the accident with my own eyes
I＇ve never seen you look so well
Just now I saw someone going upstairs 
When we got there we saw a house being built
Last night I saw a dog killed by a car
I＇m glad to see all of you happy
I could see that they need my help
*The year 1949 saw the founding of the People＇s Republic of China
(2)接见
I went to see a friend of mine last Sunday afternoon
I＇ll be seeing you this evening
(3)解明白
He asked to look and see if he missed anything
Now you see what I mean
B 语
see sb home送某回家
see about sth负责处理……
I＇ll see about the tickets for the concert
see…for oneself体验
see into…解调查
see mucha lotnothinglittle of…常少见
see sb off送行
see through…穿识破
see sb through支持某底
see to sth处理料理
There was much to see to He has to see to the luggage
see to it that…注意做务必
See to it that you do not fall when skating
as far as I can see踞知
see sb out送某出门
see that……点
20send
A vt
(1)寄（信）发（电报）
They sent me some pictures I have a telegram to send to Bob
(2)（派）送Let＇s send the radio there to be repaired
He sent his regards to you
(3)派遣He asked to be sent to work in Tibet
(4)……变
The bad news sent him mad out of mind 
The sight of the Red Army sent the enemy running in all directions
B语
send for请 send A for B派A 请B
send…forth发出 The sun sends forth light and heat
send…off送行
send…out发出（光热气味烟雾等）
send…up发射 send sb away解雇逐出
send…over播出播送
21set
A vi 落It will be cooler when the sun has set
B vt (1)放置摆设
She set the dish on the table 
Let＇s set the clock by the radio signal
(2)规定确定He set a strict rule for himself
Have they set the time for the meeting
(3)某做事处某种状态
With only a few words he set us laughing
What he said set me thinking
He set all the prisoners free
That set all our doubts at rest消怀疑
C语
set about doing sth set out to do sth开始做
set an example做出榜样
set…apart拨出留出
A room has been set apart for the purpose
set…aside拨出积蓄理会
set…back回拨倒退
set…down放写制定
set fire to sth set sth on fire放火烧
set foot in…进入踏
set…forth列举提出动身起程
set…in order整顿
set…loose释放解开
set off动身
set…off燃放（鞭炮烟花等）引起
set one＇s mind heart on…定决心
set out动身出发
set…out列举
He set out his reasons for what he had done
set sail启航
set… to work开始工作
He set to work at once writing the book
He set everyone to work together
set…up立起成立修建
set…upside down颠倒
22show
A vt (1) Show me your ticket please 
Can you show me a bigger one
(2)说明表明
Her eyes showed that she was lying Show us how to use this machine That shows how ignorant we are
(3)表现显露He showed courage in face of danger
(4)放映展出A new film is being shown at this cinema
(5)带领
Show them in please I＇ll show you into my room
B语
show off炫耀表现
This guy likes showing off
show…off炫耀
I don＇t like the way he shows off his knowledge
show one＇s face 露面
show oneself出席显露出
His anger showed itself in his voice
show up出现出席
show…up暴露揭露
This only served to show up their weakness
23speak
A vi说发言
He spoke with me about his childhood He was too hurt to speak to us
I＇ve never spoken of these things to anyone before
He spoke at the meeting yesterday
Action speaks louder than words
She spoke in broken English
B vt说 She speaks good French 
Trust me that I am speaking the truth
C语
speak for…代表……说话……辩护
I can only speak for myself
speak out胆讲出
speak out against…发言反
He spoke out against what he thought was unjust
speak up坦率说出法说话声
speak highlywellhighlyillbadly of…称赞非议
generallystrictlybroadlyroughlyfrankly speakingto speak generally etc般说严格讲广义讲严格讲老实说 
be spoken of as…说成
nothing to speak of…值说没说价值
24stand
A vi (1)站 Come and sit by my side if you love me
(2)立 The house stands between the two large trees
There stood a strange man right behind me
B vt (1)放 Stand the ladder against the wall
(2)忍受If you can＇t stand the heat get out of the kitchen
C语
stand against…反
They all stood against the war
stand at attentionease立正稍息
stand behind sb 支持
stand by支持袖手旁观准备行动
We＇ll stand by you through thick and thin
You mustn＇t stand by and do nothing about it
stand for…代表表示张
X often stands for an unknown number
We stand for selfreliance（力更生）
stand on one＇s own feet
stand out突出显著
Her talent stood out in comparison with the others
stand aside站开参边站
stand back退
stand still站住停顿 stand up站起起立
25take
A vt (1) Taking a sheet of paper she began to write
(2)带（某处） After that she took us to Rome
(3)吃喝吸 Take a little more bread He took some medicine
(4)坐 They took a taxi home
(5)采取接受选择He took a doctor＇s degree 
After lots of thinking she took the job
(6)测量（）记录Let me take your blood pressure
We took a few pictures of the hill
(7)接受 You cannot take this too seriously
(8)需 How long does it take to finish washing these dishes
(9)攻 They took the town by surprise
B语
take a chance碰碰运气 take one＇s seat坐座
take advantage of利占便宜
take aim at…瞄准 take…apart拆开拆卸
take part in…参加 take A as B成
take…back收回 take…away开
take…by surprise突然袭击
take care 心 take care of…顾负责
take charge of…负责
take delight pleasure interest pride in…喜欢……豪
take…down记记录
take effect生效
take A for Btake A to be B认AB
take…for granted视然想必 
Some students take it for granted that English is easy to learn
take hold of…抓住握住
take…in订阅欺骗领会接（活干）
take…into consideration……纳入考虑范围
take it easy紧张放开放松
take notenotice of…注意留心
take notes记录 take…off脱掉起飞折扣
take office职 take on…雇佣呈现
take one＇s time容事慢慢
take…out取出洗掉
take painstrouble to do sth辞辛劳做
take place发生举行 take root生根
take shape成型 take the chair持会议
take the place of…代
take turns to do sth take turns in doing sth轮流做
take…up起事接受占（时间空间注意力等）
take warning from…引戒吸取教训
be taken illsick生病
take a short cut走捷径
26talk
A vi 谈话讲话
He is talking loudly in the front of the classroom
B语
talk away停讲通谈话消
talk back (to sb)嘴顶嘴
talk big吹牛 talk sb into doing sth劝说干 
talk sb out of doing sth 劝说干
talk out说完 talk to sb谈话责备
talk …over讨 talk of…谈 
talk about…谈讲 talk together商量谈判
27tell
A vt （1）告诉讲
Tell me your name He told us what had happened to him
I＇ll tell you what to do next 
Don＇t tell me Let me guess
Do as you are told to
(2)判断I really can＇t tell the differences between them
I can hardly tell Kate from her twain sister
I can hardly tell Kate and her twain sister apart
B语
tell A and apart tell A from B区分开AB
to tell the truth说老实话
tell sb about of sth某讲起……
tell the world…公开讲宣扬
tell a lie说谎 tell a white lie说善意谎言
tell it like it is实话实说
there is no telling…难预料
There is no telling when he will return
I＇ll tell you what告诉真相做
Never tell me瞎扯
You are telling me告诉（早知道）
28think
A vi想思考 Give me some time to think 
He told us to try to think in English
B vt认想
I never thought you could complete the work so soon
I don＇t think I can get away now
Where do you think we can get this book
She isn＇t as slow as you think she is
I think the book worth reading again
This kind of computer is thought (to be) too hard to operate
We all think her a good learner
I thought it our duty to offer them some medical care
I think it a great honor to speak here
C语
think about…考虑
think of…想想起着想算
This picture made us think of the days in the army
He couldn＇t think of anything to say
She is always thinking of others
She is thinking of going downtown this afternoon
What do you think of this movie
think highlywella lot a great dealmuchpoorlyillbadlylittlenothing of评价高低
think of A as B认AB
think…outup想出
think…over仔细考虑
think twice before…三思……
just think…想想（表示惊讶）
Just think of the price 
wouldn＇tcouldn＇t think of…绝考虑想象（做样事）
I couldn＇t think of disturbing them at this our of night
think hard沉思
29turn
A vi 转弯转身转动
The planet turns round the sun I turned and saw a boy running away
B vt (1)转转动
Please turn your eyes this way Nothing can turn us from our purpose
(2)翻转翻身
The doctor turned him over and looked at his back
C link v变
Her face turned pale at the news His hair is turning grey
The weather suddenly turned cold
Later he turned doctor
D语
turn a deaf ear to sth 听理睬 turn a blind eye to sth 理睬
They turned a deaf ear to the people＇s sufferings
They turned a blind eye to our demands
turn… aside避开转变方
turn…away转变方（转脸）睬发走
turn back转身赶回 turn…down拒绝驳回旋
turn…in缴 turn A into BA变成B
turn…off解雇关 turn…on开攻击
turn out关解雇证明结果实际情况
The day turned out fine He turned out to be a traitor
It turned out that he had never been there
turn one＇s back on…理睬
turn one＇s head头晕昏
turn one＇s stomach作呕
turn…over移交翻翻阅
I turned over the keys to Mr Smith
He turned over all the tables in anger
He turned over one page or two and gave up
turn to sb for helpadvice求助
turn to…翻 turn up露面出席
turn…up旋查（字典等）
He turned up the dictionary and found the explanation
turn…upside down inside out颠倒 翻
30work
A vi （1）工作
He was forced to work from morning till night
(2)（机器等）开动
Soon the machine worked a gain smoothly
(3)(办法计划等)行通进行（情况）
His method worked It＇s a good idea but it won＇t work
The treatment works like magic
B语
work at…干（某活动）研究等
She is busy working a new invention
work away 停干 work on…事
We＇re working on some woodcuts
work…out制订想出计算
work…up准备酝酿
work on…起作激发
work with………行通
考点十七：`数词
概念
数词分两类基数词序数词表示数目词基数词表示须序词序数词
二相关知识点精讲
1基数词
1)基数词般写成345three hundred and fortyfive
2)基数词般单数形式遇列情况常复数
a of 短语连表示概数具体数目连scores of people 指许
b 表示排组词组里例
They arrived in twos and threes 三三两两
c 表示十岁
d 表示年代 in +the +数词复数
e 法运算种表示法里Three fives is(are)fifteen
2序数词
序数词缩写形式first1st second2nd thirtyfirst31st等
3数词法
1)倍数表示法
a 语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ as + adj + as例
I have three times as many as you 三倍
b 语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amountlength…) of…例
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon 球月球49倍
c 语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)较级+ than…例
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year 年年粮食产量增加8
d by+倍数表示增加少倍例
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year 年粮食产量增加4倍
2)分数表示法构成基数词代表分子序数词代表分母分子1时分子序数词单数分母序数词复数例
13 onethird 337 three and threesevenths
考点十八：代词：
命题规律
1．五年高考关代词考点分布：
it法代词定代词代词
2．五年代词考点集中定代词考查角度两：
1） 考查特定结构中法anyone both neither nothing 等定语句相结合
2） 考查 any some all none other another 等定代词特定语境中意义功差
3．试题注重情景干扰注重特定语言环境中文联系题干语义结构趋复杂强调相关语法知识相结合正确握句意分析句试结构解题中起着重作
命题趋势
1． 热点新热点逐步呈现定代词考查it考查热点逐步形成
2． 加强特定语境中代词相关语法综合考查
3． 2008年高考预测
单项选择语法考查中代词百考厌分析类考题尤高考题出代词考查直热点考查手法更加灵活求更高2008年高考中代词考查热点定代词one the one ones the ones指示代词this that these those it 法区代词肯定否定全部部分法反身代词惯语（例help oneself please yourself by (for of) oneself enjoy oneself等会未高考命题重点
突破方法
代词具体语境中运起具灵活性高考英语试题代词考查更灵活变应方面入手握代词解题规律
1明确指代解答代词题目时应首先分析前文明确代词指代象避免误判具体说应方面考虑：（1）代词指代物（2） 代词指代数名词数名词（3）代词指代特指泛指概念 （4） 代词指代概念表示两者间三者三者（5） 代词表示肯定否定概念
2理清逻辑需通分析文蕴涵逻辑关系做出正确判断具体说应方面考虑（1） 代词表示范围（2） 代词表示全部否定部分否定
3 吃透语境考查代词具体语境中灵活运样题目须分析具体语境中运起具灵活性高考英语试题代词考查更灵活变 2008年高考预测
单项选择语法考查中代词百考厌分析类考题尤高考题出代词考查直热点考查手法更加灵活求更高2008年高考中代词考查热点定代词one the one ones the ones指示代词this that these those it 法区代词肯定否定全部部分法反身代词惯语（例help oneself please yourself by (for of) oneself enjoy oneself等会未高考命题重点
知识清单
代词指代事物词代词分列八类：
称代词( Personal Pronouns ) we I you they us me etc
二物代词( Possessive Pronouns ) our my your their his her etc
三反身代词(Reflective Pronouns) ourselves myself yourselves yourself herself etc
四相互代词( Reciprocal Pronouns ) each other one another etc
五指示代词( Demonstrative Pronouns ) this that these those such etc
六疑问代词( Interrogative Pronouns ) what when who where whose etc
七关系代词( Relative Pronouns) what when who where whose etc
八定代词( Indefinite Pronouns ) any some every many much a little etc
．称代词：
    称代词分格宾格两种前者句子中担语者担动词介词宾语They study German        Please pass me the ruler
①称代词法：
a代词成代词名词搭配时两部分句法功必须致Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday
      It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me
注称代词排列般：第二称第三称第称
you he and I          them and us
代词时代词排列称代词：he I and some others
b称代词作表语时说明语般格说明宾语宾格
If I were she I would take your advice    
I would share the room with you if you were him
②It法
a作称代词代前文提事物
Where is the cat It＇s in the kitchen 
Jack is ill Have you heard about it
My book is missing I can＇t find it anywhere
b代指示代词this that
What＇s this It＇s a frog     Whose pen is that It＇s mine
c表示时间天气距离等
A lovely day isn＇t it     It＇s two o＇clock
It＇s about two li from here to our school
d作形式语形式宾语代定式短语动名词句
It＇s no use talking with him about that       
It took me twenty minutes to get there
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language
e强调结构中强调句子某成分（通常语宾语状语）常强调结构It is (was) + 强调成分 + that(who)…
It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning
It was in the classroom that he told me about it
二．物代词
形容词性物代词作定语例：
My brother often does his homework in his room 弟弟常房间里做作业
The newlybuilt house is our laboratory 幢新建房子实验室
Anything has its character individually 事物特征
名词性物代词句中充语宾语表语意义 形容词性物
代词+名词者说相名词例：
His dictionary is EnglishChinese but mine is EnglishEnglish 词典英汉全英
We each bought a new book Yours is about management and mine is about the American history 买书关理关美国历史
三反身代词作
反身代词句子中作宾语：作动词宾语时动作执行者承受者件事物作介词by宾语时表示强调例：
The prisoner killed himself by taking poison 犯服毒杀
He finished the work by himself 独完成件工作
反身代词句子中作位语加强名词代词语气强调某亲
时名词代词句子末尾例：
The students will clean the classroom themselves 学生扫教室
I myself heard him say it 亲耳听说
四相互代词each other one another前者通常指两者间相互者侧重三者三者相互指两者间相互
五指示代词thisthese般指时间空间较物thatthose 常指时间
  空间较远物
  进行较时that代数名词单数名词避免重复those 代复数名词
  免重复
六疑问代词：
构成特殊疑问句中what which whose兼形容词特征名词连
What job do you want to find      Whose girl is she    
Which subject is your best one
疑问代词起名词作句子中担成分
Who told you               Whom are you waiting for    
Whose are those books
学疑问代词时组词注意区：
1） whichwhat
两者均名词连物提问which般定选择范围情况what选择范围究竟什清楚情况
Which colour do you likegreen red yellow or brown
What colour is her dress
What writers do you like best
2）whichwho 两者作代词区选择范围which般作指物
Which would you like to eat steak or fish
Who won the game Smith or Johnson
定选择范围时which one代who作宾语
Which one do you like better your mother or your father
Which of称代词指名词连：
Which of you has taken away my English book
3)连接代词who whom whose which what whatever whoever等起连接作外句中担语宾语定语表语等成分：
The question is who can operate the new machine（引导表语句作语）
They asked whose idea this was（引导宾语句作定语）
When you are older you can watch whatever programme you like
（引导宾语句作定语）
I＇ll give my ticket to whoever wants it
（里whoever成anyone whoorthe person who）
七．关系代词
关系代词种引导句起连接句句作代词关系代词 who whose whom that which 句中作语表语宾语定语 句中代表着句修饰名词代词
八 定代词：
①all both
aboth两事物all两事物均作语
All (of us) like fruits        Both (of them) are good at English
b作位语作语位语时须注意位置位行动词前位be动词
They all (both) agreed with me       They are all (both) very healthy
I know them all (both)
②one it（称代词）
one 代数名词表示面提类物中复数形式带定语时ones带定语时someit指代文提表示物名词身指单数数名词指数名词
I don＇t have a watch but I＇m going to buy one（some）
I have a bicycle My aunt gave it to me
③no one none
no one 指none 指指物果说干（物）中none of接复数名词时谓语复数单数接数名词时谓语单数：
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai
None of them have（has）arrived yet（no one）
None of the money is mine
④some any no every +（thing one body等）
some 类肯定句any类否定疑问句
I know nothing of what had happened to him
I have little rice so I can＇t lend you any
She is going to buy some new dresses
注everyoneevery one
    前者意思everybody义面of短语者意思物面of短语试较：
everyone in the classroom（教室里）
every one of the children（孩子中）
every one of the books（书中）
⑤部分否定全部否定：
all both eachevery(body thing)等表示整体意义代词否定词连时般表示部分否定果表示全部否定应该none no one neither nobody nothing等
All of the students were not late for the class 学生课迟
(现代英语中常写成：Not all the students were late for the class)
None of the students were late for the class没学生课迟
具体说明代词时应注意问题
（） 指代必须准确误
知道代词指代事物词果代词时指代清楚会引起误解费解甚理解例：
While carrying the paint can from the garage to the house Marry was afraid that some of it might spill on her new skirt 玛莉车库油漆罐搬屋里时担心油漆会溅新裙子
（二）关称代词反身代词物代词三类代词时注意句中称单复数性格致性
（四）物代词
形容词性物代词作定语例：
My brother often does his homework in his room 弟弟常房间里做作业
The newlybuilt house is our laboratory 幢新建房子实验室
Anything has its character individually 事物特征名词性物代词句中充语宾语表语意义 形容词性物
代词+名词者说相名词例：
His dictionary is EnglishChinese but mine is EnglishEnglish 词典英汉全英
We each bought a new book Yours is about management and mine is about the American history 买书关理关美国历史
(五)定代词
英文中样定代词：every each both all either neither one none little few many much other another some any no 外 some any no every 构成合成代词：somebody anything nothing等
1) both either neither
三词指两两件事物意义相：both表示两either表示两中 neither表示两者…… 句中分作语宾语定语both作位语
2) all
谈两事物时数事物时all 句中充语宾语定语位语外all指数事物时作表语时作副词例：
This is all he knew about it （作表语）
解关件事切
They were all covered with dust （作副词） 身尘土
Her clothes were all wet（作副词） 衣服全湿
all 词组中：
all day (整天) all night (整夜) all this()
all the year round (整年) all day long (天晚) all the time (直)
3) each every
eachevery 两词中文里意思句子里强调侧重点：every 体着眼强调整体each东西加考虑强调 every作定语each作语宾语定语位语外every[ every other (every +数词 ) + 名词 ]结构中表示隔……意思：
every other day 隔天 every three years 隔三年
every third year 隔三年 every other line 隔行
every ten miles隔十哩
4) one
5) 作定代词时复数形式ones 代前面刚提事物避免重复定语冠词外泛指例：
This problem is a difficult one 问题解决问题
I don＇t like colored envelopes I like white ones 喜欢花信封喜欢白
This film is not as good as the one we saw last week 片子没周
Modesty helps one go forward whereas conceit makes one lag behind（泛指）谦虚进步 骄傲落
5）some any
some any相意意思强汉译时常省样字眼作定语时时候some肯定句any否定句疑问句条件句表示请求建议反问希肯定回答疑问句中常someany 外some数词连表示约意思：
Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school 学路帮买信封？
Will you give me some paper 请点纸
Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses 约百位教师搬进新居
The bridge was built some two hundred years ago 座桥约建两百年前
6）few a few little a little 法
few a few little a little 两组差异相词前组数名词组数名词外few little没否定意思few数名词little数名词a few a little 表示点肯定意思a few数名词a little数名词
六)
1) one…the other some…others 两组常起连代词短语指两者间前者单数者复数：
She has two children One is a boy the other is a girl 两孩子：男孩女孩
They have different ideas about how to spend their weekend Some think that it is good to have a party Others prefer to have an outing 周末想法认聚会郊游
外 another词泛指限制两者间例：
I think that it is impossible for me to visit another city this time 次观光方
He is another friend of mine who I got to know in New Zealand 新西兰结识朋友
2）nonone
两词表示否定意义：no not any 意强调连点作形容词般名词连none相名词独立句中充成分介词短语连表示某范围
3） 关合成定代词
常合成定代词组：
something某物某事 somebody某 someone 某
anything事物 anybody anyone
everything切事物everybodyeveryone
nothing事物no one没nobody
合成定代词时应注意面点：
A) 作语时应作单数
B) 作名词作形容词充定语
C) 果带修饰语修饰语放面
6定代词some any all both none one each either neither other another
   something anything nothing anyone anybody someone somebody nobody
7关系代词(定语句)who whom whosethat which as
考点十九：情景交际：
命题规律趋势
话题社会交态度情感社会交交际语考查重中重交际语年高考英语试卷单项选择部分必考容通常会1—2题目题干呈现形式通常话挖空设项出现交际应答里
突破方法：
1． 熟悉句型结构增强理解力
2． 进行广泛阅读积累种情境中交际应酬语提高交际力
3． 熟悉英中两种文化差异掌握两民族交际惯方式高考中常出现貌似正确中国式应答选项
4． 英文电视电影外国交谈提高英语交际运力
做交际应答注意点：
高考意义说交际应答两分问题日常英语应中十分重千万掉轻心做交际应答注意点：
交际应答防止中国式答语陷阱
例：——It’s getting late I＇m afraid I must be going now
——OK ______
A Take it easy B Go slowly C Stay longer D See you
答案D题考查交际功道语彼分手说See you (again after etc)Take careGoodbyeBye等选项B慢点走典型中国式应答
二交际应答握选项适语境
例：——I＇m taking my driving test tomorrow
——____
A Cheers B Good luck C Come on D Congratulations
答案B表示做事情前表达祝愿A 选项干杯情景适宜C项意思加油意思D项表示祝贺明天参加考试知结果表达祝贺合适
知识清单
高中阶段出现交际功语问候祝愿介绍告感谢道歉邀请约会希请求发表观点购物餐交通工具等准确握
1．约会表达语结
清清楚楚表达约会时间点明明白白进行预定活动
[典型表达]
Are you will you be free this afternoon 天午空？
How about tomorrow morning　　明天午样？
Shall we meet at the school gate？校门口见面？　
Yes I’ll be free then 时空
No I won’t be free then But I’ll be free tomorrow
行时没空明天空　　
All right See you then 时见
How about going for a drink together 起喝杯样？
What time shall we go 什时间？
2．赴宴餐语结
英语中关赴宴餐殷勤款常交际语种
[典型表达]
Would you like to have supper with me
愿意起吃晚饭？
That would be nice Let’s fix a date 
太定日子吧
I’d love to but my brother is coming
愿意哥哥
I’d like to invite you to dinner at my flat
想邀请公寓吃饭
What would you like to eat drink
想吃（喝）点什？
What How about another piece of bread？
块面包样？
Would you like some more beef  想吃点牛肉？
Do you want to have some chicken
想吃鸡肉？
I’m full I’ve had enough   饱
I’d like two eggs and a glass of milk
想两鸡蛋杯牛奶
Yes please just a little 点点
Help yourself  请便 请便吃
Make yourself at home  客气请便
3．安慰表达方法结
失意失败担心忧虑时应该适安慰振作振奋说：Don’t be afraid Cheer up Come on You can do it等
4．意反表达方法结
英语中方提出某种观点意见请求时表示恰具体态度究竟意意明确答复
5．表扬鼓励表达方法结
西方总会适时方表扬鼓励赞扬般会表示高兴Thank you离口
6问路表达方法结
谁迷路时候谁找目犯愁时候会恰问路表达方式前途肯定会光明
[典型表达]
Excuse me Where is the Pacific Hotel
起请问太洋宾馆？
Go down this street until you see the tall building
着条路走直高楼
Does this road lead to the Agriculture Bank of China
条马路通中国农业银行？
No Turn right at the first crossing
第十字路口右拐
Excuse me Which is the way to the No 1 Middle School
扰请问条路中？
You can take No 503 bus 503路公交车
Excuse me Could you tell me the way to the airport
扰告诉飞机场路？
It’s over there It’s in that direction  方
Can you tell me how to get to the People’s Park
告诉民公园？
Sorry I don’t know I’m a stranger here
起知道刚
7介绍表达方法结
学会体英语巧妙介绍够气氛融洽家交流轻松愉快
[典型表达]
May I introduce you to my friend Hang Kai
介绍朋友杭凯？
Please allow me to introduce you to my classmates
请允许介绍学
I’ d like you to meet my friend Maria　　
想请见见朋友玛利娅
May I introduce myself I’m Jim Green
做介绍？杰姆•格林
How do you do My name is Cui Hengbiao
崔恒标
I’m Kate Happy to know you 凯特高兴认识
I’d like you to meet Jim He’s a friend of mine
想请见吉姆朋友
8告表达方法结
相见时难难友情深终忧伤难然离开学会道英语委婉表达离意
[典型表达]
I’m afraid I must be leaving now　
恐怕告辞
I must be off now　　必须走
It’s time I met my brother I have to go now　　见哥哥时候现走
I’m sorry I have to go now 起走
I think it’s time for us to leave now　
想现告辞时候
It was nice meeting you　Nice to have met you
遇见真太　
9提供帮助语结
提供帮助般分两种情况：职业语情况拒绝帮助时记说句Thank you all the same者That’s very kind of you but I can manage it myself
10电话语结
许害怕英语电话接电话听力口语水够重原电话英语中许固定表达方式
11责备抱怨语结
方做错事者没够做某事时候会责备者抱怨值注意语气委婉受责备者抱怨时表示歉意
[典型表达]
He is to blame 应负责
She blamed him for the traffic accident
交通事责备
He shouldn’t have done it
该干件事
Why can’t you do something about it
件事出点力？
—He couldn’t find the place 找方
—You told him how to get there but perhaps you should have drawn a map
     告诉许应画张图
12建议表达方法结
果建议容方容易接受双方关系较密切回答直接意果双方关系般回答需委婉拒绝方建议时般出理
13邀请表达方法结
邀请Would you like Can you come to 等作出明确答复意拒绝说清楚时忘感谢果拒绝话表示歉意说明缘
14祝贺表达方法结
日常生活中常接受祝愿祝贺时应学祝愿祝贺时祝愿(The same to you)祝愿表达方式定恰处15希愿表达方法结
希做某事者愿意做某事者表达种希愿时需恰词样准确传达意图
16感谢应答表达方法结
英美切场合帮助赞扬怕微足道事表示感谢表达感谢简单恰处容易
17询问信息表达方法结
真实交际中样询问信息样回答方询问做出思考询问语体回答信息贴事实
现特定语境中问答中英语言惯文化背景差异两方面考查热点备考程中常遇问题说明：
1．With pleasure My pleasure什区
With pleasure 意思 非常乐意（效劳）常请求回复My pleasure It’s my pleasure义谢甭客气意思回答方表示感谢客套话
2．表达 着急
口语中表达着急通常take it easytake your time实际应起两者意义区注意正确Take it easy含紧张放松意思Take your time含慌忙慢慢意思
3 come on 口语中表达意义
come on 加劲加油意思相try hardermake an effort意义考生熟悉come onhurry up（快点赶快）意义时候作cheer up（振作起）解come on指责方刚说话常翻译成啦算吧
易错常考日常交际语
1 问候应答
A How are you doing B Fine thank you Just soso
A Please remember me to your parents B Sure I will
2 介绍应答
A This is Mr Mrs Miss Ms Brown B Hello How do you do Nice to meet you
3 告
See you (later) Good night( cf Good evening) Nice seeing you
4 感谢应答
A Many thanks Thanks for your help I appreciate your help
B That’s all right (OK) You are welcome Don’t mention it It’s a pleasure My pleasure
(cf With pleasure 回答方求助邀请)
5 道歉应答
A I’ m sorry
B That’s all right (OK) It doesn’t matter Never mind That’s nothing Forget it
6 邀请应答
A Would you like to
B Yes I＇d love to Yes with pleasure Yes it＇s very kind ( nice )of you I＇d love to but I have other plans
7 请求允许应答
A Could I smoke here I wonder if I could smoke here
B Yes (Certainly) Yes do please Of course you may That＇s OK (all right) I＇m sorry but it is not allowed You＇d better not
A Do you mind if I open the window
B Not at all Of course not Certainly not I’m sorry but you’d better not
8 祝愿祝贺应答
A Good luck Best wishes to you Have a nice good time Congratulations Have a good journey
   B Thank you
   A Happy New Year Merry Christmas Happy birthday to you
   B The same to you
9 提供帮助应答
A Can I help you Would you like some help
    B Thanks That would be nice Yes please No thank you all (just) the same No thank you anyway That＇s very kind of you but I can manage it myself
A What can I do for you B I’d like to go to the No 3 Middle School
10 约会
A Shall we meet at 430 Let’s make it 400 B All right See you then
11 电话
A Hello May I speak to Tom B Hold on please
A Is that Mary speaking B She isn＇t here right now Can I take a message for you
12餐
    A Would you like some more meat Help yourself to some more meat
    B Thank you I＇ve had enough Just a little please
13 病
A What’s the matter What seems to be the trouble
B I don’t feel like eating  I＇ve got a cough I feel terrible （bad） I don＇t feel well I＇ve got a pain here It hurts here
14 购物  
A What can I do for you May (Can I )help you B I＇d like to buy a dictionary
     A How about this one B That＇s fine I＇ll take it
15 问路应答
    A Excuse me Where＇s the washroom   Excuse me can you tell me the way to the post office
    B Go down this street Turn right left at the second crossing
Sorry I don’t know I am a stranger here
16 谈天气
A What＇s the weather like today How＇s the weather in Beijing
B It＇s fine cloudy windy rainy etc It＇s rather warm (cold hot) today isn＇t it
17 处理交际中障碍
    Pardon I beg your pardon Please say that again( more slowly) What do you mean by… I＇m sorry I can＇t follow you
18 提醒注意
You can’t ( mustn’t) smoke here No smoking Wet paint Mind your head (step)
Take care Be careful Look out
19 意意
Certainly Sure Of course Yes please   That＇s a good idea I agree
No I don＇t think so I＇m afraid not I really can＇t agree with you No way (决没门)
20 时间日期应答
A What time is it now What＇s the time B It＇s about three
A What day is it today B It＇s Wednesday
A Excuse me Have you got the time B Yes it＇s six twenty
考点二十：非谓语动词
英语中作句子谓语具谓语外语法功动词做非谓语动词非谓语动词doingdoneto do
（）动词定式：（to）+do具名词形容词副词特征
1．定式形式：
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）般式：定式般式表示动作谓语动词动作时发生发生谓语动词动作
He wants to be an artist
The patient asked to be operated on at once
The teacher ordered the work to be done
（2）进行式：定式进行式表示动作谓语动词动作时发生例：
The boy pretended to be working hard
He seems to be reading in his room
（3）完成式：定式完成式表示动作发生谓语动词动作前例：
He is pleased to have met his friend
2．定式句法功：
（1）作语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard
To lose your heart means failure
动词定式短语作语时常it作形式语例面两句形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes
It means failure to lose your heart
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall
He appears to have caught a cold
（3）作宾语：
常定式做宾语连动词：want hope wish offer fail plan learn pretend refuse manage help agree promise prefer 果定式（宾语）面宾语补足语it作形式宾语真正宾语（定式）置放宾语补足语面例：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia
动词定式充介词宾语：
I have no choice but to stay here
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike
动词定式前时疑问词连：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English
（4）作宾语补足语：
复合宾语中动词定式充宾语补足语动词常种复合宾语：want wish ask tell order beg permit help advise persuade allow prepare cause force call on wait for invite
外介词时种复合宾语连：
With a lot of work to do he didn＇t go to the cinema．
动词make let see watch hear feel have等带to定式连改动语态时定式加to ：
I saw him cross the road
He was seen to cross the road
（5）作定语：
动词定式作定语放修饰名词代词修饰名词关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend
注意：定式物动词时修饰名词果点工具等应必介词：
He found a good house to live in
The child has nothing to worry about
What did you open it with
果定式修饰time place way省略介词：
He has no place to live
This is the best way to work out this problem
果定式修饰名词定式动作承受者定式动式动式：
Have you got anything to send
Have you got anything to be sent
②说明修饰名词容：
We have made a plan to finish the work
③修饰名词定式逻辑语：
He is the first to get here
（6）作状语：
①表目：
He worked day and night to get the money
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain
注意定式放句首时逻辑语句子语致：
wrong：To save money every means has been tried
right：To save money he has tried every means
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone
常only放定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out
③表原：
They were very sad to hear the news
④表程度：
It＇s too dark for us to see anything
The question is simple for him to answer
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth I don＇t like the way he talked
（8）定式省略：保留to省略do动词
If you don＇t want to do it you don＇t need to
（9）定式列：第二定式省略to
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor
（二）Ving 形式
1．形式：
（1）般式：doing
Seeing is believing 眼见实
（2）动式： being done
He came to the party without being invited．未邀请晚会
（3）完成式： having done
We remembered having seen the film 记部电影
（4）完成动式： having been done
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old
忘记五岁时带广州
（5）否定式：not +doing
I regret not following his advice 悔没听劝告
（6）复合结构：形容词性物代词（名词格）+doing
He suggested our trying it once again 建议试次
His not knowing English troubled him a lot
懂英语带许麻烦
2．句法功：
（1）作语：
Reading aloud is very helpful 朗读处
Collecting stamps is interesting 集邮趣
动名词短语作语时常it作形式语
It＇s no use quarrelling争吵没
（2）作表语：
In the ant city the queen＇s job is laying eggs 蚂蚁王国蚁工作产卵
（3）作宾语：
They haven＇t finished building the dam 没建坝
We have to prevent the air from being polluted 必须阻止空气污染
外doing作宾语时宾语补足语常形式宾语it例：
We found it no good making fun of others 发现取笑
记住动词短语动名词作宾语：
enjoy finish suggest avoid（避免） excuse delay imagine keep miss consider admit（承认）deny（否认） mind permit forbid practise risk（险） appreciate（感激） be busy be worth feel like can＇t stand can＇t help（情禁） think of dream of be fond of prevent…(from)keep …from stop…（from）protect…from set about be engaged in spend…(in) succeed in be used to look forward to object to pay attention to insist on feel like
（4）作定语：单独做定语时放修饰名词前果短语做定语放名词
In the following years he worked even harder 年中学更努力
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor＇s father
正老师谈话班长父亲
doing作定语相定语句句法功：in the following yearsin the years that followed the man speaking to the teacher改the man who is speaking to the teacher
（5）作位语：
The cave his hidingplace is secret 山洞藏身方秘密
His habit listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
收听收音机新闻节目惯未改变
（6）作宾语补足语：
动词现分词作宾语补足语：
see watch hear feel find get keep notice observe listen to look at leave catch等例：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 听见隔壁唱歌？
He kept the car waiting at the gate 汽车门口等着
（7）作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory he was an advanced worker
工厂工作时名先进工
②作原状语：
Being a League member he is always helping others
青团员常帮助
③作方式状语表示伴：
He stayed at home cleaning and washing 呆家里擦洗
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day you will waste your valuable time
整天玩会浪费宝贵时间
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass breaking it into pieces 杯子掉结果摔粉碎
⑥作目状语：
He went swimming the other day 天前游泳
⑦作步状语：
Though raining heavily it cleared up very soon
然雨久天晴
⑧逻辑语构成独立格：
I waiting for the bus a bird fell on my heard．
等汽车时鸟落头
All the tickets having been sold out they went away disappointedly
票已卖光失离开
Time permitting we＇ll do another two exercises
果时间允许做两练
时with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning he fell asleep 点着灯睡着
⑨作独立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance he must be an actor
外表定演员
Generally speaking girls are more careful 般说女孩子更细心
（三）分词：
分词形式：规动词动词原形加词尾ed构成规动词分词没统规求记住
分词句法功：
1．分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday
周班开展次组织旅行
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting
选委员出席次会
注意分词单词时般名词前果分词短语放名词面分词做定语相动语态定语句
2．分词作表语：
The window is broken 窗户破
They were frightened at the sad sight 眼前悲惨景象感害怕
注意：be + 分词果表示状态系表结构果表示动动作动语态区：
The window is broken（系表）
The window was broken by the boy（动）
分词物动词构成表示动表示完成：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新货） the risen sun（升起太阳）
the changed world（变世界）
类分词：gone come fallen risen changed arrived returned passed等
3．分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week
周听见首歌唱次
时分词做with短语中宾语补足语：
With the work done they went out to play 工作做完出玩
4．分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours he became the pride of his parents

受邻居表扬成父母骄傲（表示原）
Once seen it can never be forgotten
旦见忘（表示时间）
Given more time I＇ll be able to do it better
果予更时间做更（表示条件）
Though told of the danger he still risked his life to save the boy
然告危险然生命危险救孩子（表示步）
Filled with hopes and fears he entered the cave
心中充满希恐惧走进山洞
考点二十：简单句
根语法形式句子结构英语句子分简单句列句复合句
简单句基形式语加谓语构成种句子形式句型发展五基句型：
1语+谓语种句型简称谓结构谓语般物动词例：
Things change事物变化
Did you go by sea？走海路？
NOwe flew飞
2语+连系动词+表语种句型称系表结构实连系动词形式种谓语动词实质表语成谓语例：
Mr Turner is an artist特纳先生位画家
3语+谓语+宾语种句型称谓宾结构谓语般物动词例：
We never beat children孩子
4语+谓语+宾语+宾语种句型称谓宾宾结构谓语应双宾语物动词两宾语间接宾语直接宾语例：
He gave the book to his sister书妹妹
I＇ll write you a long letter写封长信
5语+谓语+宾语+宾补种句型简称谓宾补结构补语宾语补语宾语起构成复合宾语例：
I found the book easy发现书难（形容词easy作补语）
I＇ll let him go（定式go作补语）
考点二十二复合句
定语句
概念
   复合句中修饰某名词代词句称定语句形容词性句
二相关知识点精讲
  1关系代词引导定语句
　　关系代词代先行词物名词代词句中充语宾语定语等成分关系代词定语句中作语时句谓语动词称数先行词保持致
1）who whom that 代先行词名词代词句中作语宾语例：
　  Is he the man whothat wants to see you 想见？（whothat句中作语）
　  He is the man whom that I saw yesterday 昨天见（whomthat句中作宾语）
2） whose 指物（作定语 指物of which互换）例：
　  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down　车坏家跑帮忙
　  Please pass me the book of which the cover is green　请递绿皮书
3）which that代先行词事物名词代词句中作语宾语等
2关系副词引导定语句
　 关系副词代先行词时间点理名词句中作状语
1）关系副词when where why含义相介词+ which结构常常介词+ which结构交例：
　  Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born　北京出生
　  Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer　拒绝帮助理？
3判断关系代词关系副词
　  方法：句中谓语动词物动词面宾语必须求关系代词物动词求关系副词例：
　  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year 年呆山村
　  I＇ll never forget the days when I worked together with you永远会忘记事日子
　  方法二： 准确判断先行词定语句中成分（谓宾定状）正确选择出关系代词关系副词
　　关系词选择句中做成分先行词句中做定宾语时选择关系代词（who whom that which whose） 先行词句中做状语时应选择关系副词 （ where 点状语when 时间状语why 原状语）
4限制性非限制性定语句
1） 定语句限制性非限制性两种限制性定语句先行词缺少部分掉句意思明确非限制性定语句先行词附加说明掉会影响句意思句间通常逗号分开例：
　　　This is the house which we bought last month 月买幢房子（限制性）
　　　The house which we bought last month is very nice幢房子漂亮月买（非限制性）
2） 非限制性定语句整句作先行词 进行修饰 时句谓语动词第三称单数例：
　　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant which greatly upsets me 似没抓住意思心烦
　　说明：关系代词that 引导非限制性定语句
 5介词+关系词
1）介词面关系词省略
2）that前介词
3）某句中充时间点原状语介词+关系词结构关系副词when where 互换例：
　 This is the house in which I lived two years ago 两年前住房子
　 This is the house where I lived two years ago
　 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 记加入俱乐部天？
　 Do you remember the day when you joined our club
6as which 非限定性定语句
　　as which 引导非限定性定语句aswhich代整句相and thisand thatAs般放句首句中which句中例：
　　As we know smoking is harmful to one＇s health 知吸烟害健康
　　The sun heats the earth which is very important to us 太阳球暖起类重
as 注意事项
（1）非限定性定语句 as 正
（2）限定性定语句前面the same such so
9关系代词that 法
1）that情况
　　 a） 引导非限定性定语句时例：
　　　 （错）The tree that is four hundred years old is very famous here
　　 b） 介词例：
　　　　 We depend on the land from which we get our food 赖土获食物
　　　　 We depend on the land thatwhich we get our food from
2） that作定语句关系代词情况
　　 a）　there be 句型中thatwhich
　　 b）　定代词：anything nothing the one all much few any little等作先行词时thatwhich
　　 c）　先行词the only the very修饰时that　
　　 d）　先行词序数词数词形容词高级时that
　　 e）　先行词物时例：
　    All that is needed is a supply of oil 需供油问题
　  　Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 贼终偷全部东西交警察
名词性句
概念
   名词性句四种语句表语句宾语句位语句
二相关知识点精讲
1． 语句：语句整句子中作语
(1)连词充句子成分单纯连接词通常省略分句置句首时that绝省略
That the driver could not control his war was obvious
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car
(2)if 语句中whether
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
(3)语句作语时谓语动词般第三称单数面句型例外
What we need is more time and money
What we need are many more books
2表语句：表语句出现系动词充表语
The trouble is that we are short of money
 Go and get your coat It’s where you left it
(1) 引导表语句述三类词外because as if as though等等
 The reason (whyfor which…) is that ……
 ItThisThat is because……
(2) 连系动词appear look seem两常句型
It seemsappears that…
It looksseems as ifas though……(事实相符陈述语气事实相反虚拟语气)
(3) as 引导表语句
 Things are not always as they seem to be
3 宾语句：物动词形容词介词加宾语句作宾语
(1) 宾语句时态句相呼应宾语句表示客观真理普遍现象外
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(2) 连词whether if互换注意列情况
连词紧or not时whether
I want to know whether or not they will come
作介词宾语whether引导宾语句
He was interested in whether he saw her there
连接词直接加定式ifwhether
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not
果宾语句否定时般if引导
I care if he will not attend the meeting
(3) 宾语句带宾补时语+谓语+it +宾补+thatclausethat省略
I think it certain that she will do well in her exam
(4) 语I we 句think believe suppose expect imagine五动词时否定转移
I don’t think he will win the game will he
(5) that宾语句常省略and but连接两宾语句时仅省略第连词that
He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry
(6) 注意区if引导宾语句条件状语句
I don’t know if he will come
If he comes I’ll let you know
4位语句句中作某名词位语前面名词进步说明列名词 factnewsideahopebelievehopethoughtdoubttruthordersuggestion word etc
(1) There is no doubt that he will come
There is doubt whether he will come
Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them
There is no possibility that…
(2) that引导位语句定语句区：
位语句中：that省略作成分定语句关系代词that定语句作成分作宾语时省略
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school
We are interested in the news that he told us
when where引导位语句定语句区：
定语句中when where前分表示时间点先行词位语句中应关系
They have no idea at all where he has gone(位语句)
Go and get your coat It’s in the place where you left it(定语句)
5 疑问词ever引导名词性句引导步状语句no matter+疑问词引导步状语句
No matter where I go my heart is towards China
I believer whatever he says   Whatever he says I will never believe him
who whoever区
who谁意思表示具疑问who相anyone who谁
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights
Can you tell me who that gentleman is
6．名词性句缺少语宾语表语时引导词通常what相外时具感叹意义all that anything that the thing(s) that
What we can’t get seems better than what we have
Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was
7注意区分it 作形式语语句强调句
强调句句型It iswas+强调部分+that 掉It iswas that句子然成立
It is natural that they should have different views 语句
It is only lately that he had had a family himself 强调句
What was it that he wanted   I don’t know what it was that he wanted
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem
8注意it 作形式语语句as引导非限制性定语句引导
It is known to all that the earth is round
As is known to all the earth is round
状语句
概念
   状语句修饰句中动词形容词副词等复合句中作状语引导状语句关联词属连词状语句陈述句语序般位复合句句首句末句句首时句常逗号句相隔状语句根句中作分表示时间点原目结果条件较步行方式等
二相关知识点精讲
1点状语句
　　点状语句通常where wherever 引导例：
　　Where I live there are plenty of trees 住方树
　　Wherever I am I will be thinking of you 里会想
2方式状语句
　　方式状语句通常as as if as though引导
1）as句带喻含义意思正…正式文体例：
　  Always do to the others as you would be done by 希家样样
2）as if as though引出状语句谓语虚拟语气表示事实相反时陈述语气表示说情况事实实现性较汉译常作仿佛……似……似例：
　  They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed 完全忽略事实仿佛存似（事实相反谓语虚拟语气）
　　He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting 样子雷击似（事实相反谓语虚拟语气）
　  It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon 天气快会起（实现性较谓语陈述语气）
　  说明：as if as though引导分词短语定式短语动词短语例：
　  He stared at me as if seeing me for first time 目转睛着第次见似
　He cleared his throat as if to say something 清清嗓子说什似
　The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger 波涛击着岩石愤怒
3原状语句
较because since asfor：
1）because语势强说明知原回答why提出问题原显易见已知as since例：
　  I didn＇t go because I was afraid 怕
　  Since As the weather is so bad we have to delay our journey 天气糟旅行推迟
2）because引导句果放句末前面逗号for代果说明直接原种情况加推断for例：
　  He is absent today because for he is ill 天缺席病
　  He must be ill for he is absent today 定病天缺席
4目状语句
　 表示目状语句that so that in order that for fear that in case等词引导例：
　 You must speak louder so that in order that you can be heard by all 必须点声听见
　 He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it 写名字免忘记
　 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold 穿点衣服防天发冷
5结果状语句
　结果状语句常so…that such…that引导so…thatsuch…that间转换例：
　　  The boy is so young that he can＇t go to school 男孩年龄太学
　    He is such a young boy that he can＇t go to school
6 条件状语句
  　连接词 if unless asso long as on condition that 等if 引导条件句真实条件句非真实条件句两种非真实条件句已虚拟语气中阐述
　  unless if not　 例：
　  Let＇s go out for a walk unless you are too tired 果太累散散步
　  If you are not too tied let＇s go out for a walk
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately　
A unless　 B until　 C if　　D or
　  答案A句意：非立走否回迟转化 If you dong leave immediately you will be lateBD句意or表转折句子 You leave immediately or you will be late 
7 步状语句
1）though although引导步状语句面句but though yet连例：
Although it＇s raining they are still working in the field　然雨里干活
　　  He is very old but he still works very hard 然老然努力工作
2）  as though 引导步句表语状语提前（形容词副词分词实义动词提前）例：
　　　Child as though he was he knew what was the right thing to do 然孩该做什做什全知道
3）  ever if even though　例：
　　  We＇ll make a trip even though the weather is bad 天气远足
4）  whether…or…　……例：
　　  Whether you believe it or not it is true 信信确实真
5）　no matter +疑问词 疑问词+缀ever 例：
　　  No matter what happened he would not mind Whatever happened he would not mind 发生什意
　　　换：no matter what whatever
　　　　    no matter who whoever
　　　　    no matter when whenever
　　　　    no matter where wherever
　　　　    no matter which whichever
　　　　    no matter how however
　    注意：no matter 引导语句宾语句
8 较while when as
1）as when 引导短暂性动作动词例：
　　　 Just as Just when When I stopped my car a man came up to me 刹车走
2）句动作发生句动作前when 引导句as while例：
　　　 When you have finished your work you may have a rest 赶完活休息
3）句表示时间推移连词aswhen while例：
　　　 As the day went on the weather got worse　日子天天天气越变越坏
9较untiltill
　　两连词意义相肯定形式表示意思做某事直某时动词必须延续性否定形式表达意思直某时做某事动词延续性非延续性正确两连词关键判断句中动词该肯定式否定式肯定句：I slept until midnight 直睡半夜时醒
　　Wait till I call you 等着（肯定句中before代例 Let＇s get in the wheat before the sun sets）
　  否定句：She didn＇t arrive until 6 o＇clock 直6点
　          Don＇t get off the bus until it has stopped 公汽车停稳车
I didn＇t manage to do it until you had explained how 直教会做
区： until句首till通常句首例：
　　           Until you told me I had heard nothing of what happened 直告诉前出什事点知道
注意：否定句外两种句式表示
1）Not until…句首句倒装例：
　Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is 直19 世纪初类知道热物
2）It is not until… that… 例：
     It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted
10表示……结构
　  hardlyscarcely…whenbefore no sooner…than　as soon as表示……意思例：
　  I had hardly scarcely got home when it began to rain 刚回家起雨
　  I had no sooner got home than it began to rain
　  As soon as I got home it began to rain
　  注意：果hardly scarcely no sooner置句首句子必须倒装结构例：
　  Hardly Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain
　  No sooner had I got home than it began to rain
第三部分：完型填空（30分）
谓完形填空表达意义连贯文章中目挖词语形成文章空格求考生出应备选答案中整语段容组织结构语言特点出发全面考虑问题综合运学词汇语法知识文化风俗背景知识般常识性知识选出正确佳答案填充空格完形填空文章仅语法正确词恰意思结构完整合理前致
完形填空英语高考考试题中难度较分率较低区分度相种题型需引起学足够重视
考查求
完形填空题测试学生综合运语言力仅考查学生语法基础知识词惯法文容生活常识等角度综合起考虑选出正确答案求考生：
1牢固语言基础知识够熟练运掌握常见词汇惯知识特定语境中运词汇（实词）力
2具备较强快速阅读语篇整体理解力够根文线索通篇考虑
3结合具备方面常识（包括话题功等方面背景知识）逻辑推理等语言运相关验作出正确判断佳选择
二试题设置特点
1完形填空题般选择单词数175─215间容完整题鲜明短文
2短文难度中学英语教材致相
3NMET中完形填空题留出20空白处间隔固定
4短文第句完整目学生提供背景告诉事发生时间点背景告诉全篇短文中心容
5备选答案中ABCD四单词短语供选择求选出合适会出现文章局部ABCD四答案正确情况根文角度考虑选出佳答案
三解题技巧方法
1粗读：答案跳读全文通篇考虑弄清作者思路掌握意
答题前跳空格通读遍全文力求文章整体容基解阅读时遵循两重原：整体性原连贯性原说阅读时握整体注意语境局部流畅方面放松思想克服心理紧张生词着急生词够根文推断出词义方面善抓住表现文章中心容启示性关键句子词语情节发展线索（物时间点事件原结果等）理解作者表达观点态度般情况该试题首句完整交背景突破首句助握意理思路结尾句文章总结作者观点表明
2试填结合备选答案细读全文分析推断正确选项
跳读全文解意基础细读全文文章前序结合备选答案边读边分析边推断正确选项试题测试部分（文中空格）进行分析缺什词起什作时观察应备选答案情况句子意思验证究竟什词类什形式填空正确选项动词首先搞清谓语动词非谓语动词果谓语动词应选根文句子身确定时态语态语气形式语称数方面致果非谓语动词句中功逻辑语关系（执行者承受者）考虑时态语态选介词副词先确定属固定搭配惯法否根文意思选择时掌握全文核心容解句全文中位置捕捉题关信息点分析备选答案词汇意义挑选出句意思需体现文章题词语选出佳答案遇时难确准答案题暂时选先做面已选出答案信息促成难题解决
3复读全文瞻前顾全面验证
题填短文恢复面貌全文复读遍复读着全篇仔细推敲全面验证填入答案全文否意思通结构完整相互矛盾方前两遍基础已短文较充分理解阅读第三遍视野较前更开阔思路更清晰更容易发现错误时作出调整修正第三步复读尤重说复查读第三遍等放弃纠正错误机会
述三步解题法概括：
步粗读寻思路
二步细读选答案
三步复读纠错误
沉着办
胸成竹少失误
然答题技巧方法固然重毕竟没万钥匙熟练驾驭题关键巩固基础知识提高阅读力懈实践中提高综合运英语知识力
四注意事项
1切忌题目手逐字逐句填首先解全文意思
2做完形填空词汇语法题目时注意单项选择题必须遵循样原孤立词词句句推测判断必须根文整体观点入手尤选项义词时更善字里行间前词语搭配寻找关线索
五题型解析
做完形填空题般应四方面考虑现结合实例加说明
1惯法搭配角度考虑Then he suddenly felt nervous After all it was his first time to (47) a part in a play（NMET91）47Amade B join C have D give 题提供四选项物动词边直接名词作宾语果语法角度考虑难确定答案果知道英语中 have a part 种惯搭配表示担角色难作出选择
2逻辑推理常识等角度考虑Taking off his clothes he jumped into the river The (52)water made him tremble all over(NMET91) 52Adeep B cool C dirty D cold 题四选项修饰名词water 文中佳选项D正水冷会全身发抖点根常识判断
3词汇意义法考虑She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play It was a good(58)of getting rid of his nervousness She said she was right it seemed to(59) (NMET91) 58Aidea B way C path D plan 59Ado B win C work D act 句中注意紧张建议观表演消紧张显然建议种消紧张方法58题选项中way方法意思疑佳答案紧接着句话说方法似效59题四选项中 work 奏效意思然应选C两题解答词汇入手然词汇意义决定通篇意义关
4文角度考虑 Washoe(56)like a human too The scientists keep her in a fully furnished （家具齐全） house（NMET95）56Alive B acts C thinks D plays 文谈Washoe生活环境生活惯该句意思应该Washoe生活象类A正确答案
第四部分：阅读理解（40分）
该部分求考生读懂公告说明广告书报杂志中关般性话题简短文章考生应：
（1） 理解旨义
类试题考察考生略读文章领会意力考生纳概括力定求
（2） 理解文中具体信息
类试题时较直接理解字面意思答题时较间接需纳概括推理答题
(3)根文推断生词词义
根文正确理解灵活变化词义算真正初步具备定阅读理解力外阅读文章时常常会遇未见词许类生词词义通文推断出种词典通文推断生词含义力合格读者必须具备力阅读测试中常检测种力
（4）作出简单判断推理
阅读文章目获取信息理解作者传达信息实际阅读程中时需根文章提供事实线索进行逻辑推理推测作者未提事实某事发生性等
（5）理解文章基结构
果希准确深刻理解篇文章必须文章结构解握住全篇文脉句句间逻辑关系种力考察般反映理解文中某段落作某词语指代关系题目中
（6）理解作者意图观点态度
篇文章特定写作目信息通常明确表达出隐含文章中类问题求考生理解文章总体容基础领会作者言外意
第五部分：补全话（5分）
　 新考纲求考生：正确语言语法日常交际语知识够恰理解中语言现象够特定语境中较体表达连贯思想纲专门列出36条日常交际语
　　补全话试题设计采应答形式考生根试题说明中交情景段完整话补充完整考生应具备必词汇语法知识外需熟悉日常生活中交际英语表达方式：感谢邀请等
　　考生应该注意交际情景整体理解注意话结构合理前连贯性注意话中情感交流熟悉会话中交际技
　　补全话解题应充分理解题目说明汉语提示握话整体容时间点物等弄清事实细节文正确判断讲话意图情感等语法结构惯交际形式等
第六部分：单词拼写（10分）
高考英语单词拼写题作种集理解语法结构词性词形体综合性题型中学英语教学起良导作利培养学生扎实语言基功提高学生语言综合应力文结合年高考单词拼写真题简分析高考单词拼写题命题特点常见考点解题策略针2008年高考提出该题型复备考建议
[关键字] 高考 英语 单词拼写题
1991年高考题中增加专项测试单词拼写题型实现单词拼写测试第次飞跃——形式选项ABCD中找出适字母字母组合单词完整准确1996年开始实现单词拼写测试第二次飞跃——知识型力型形式根句子汉语注释首字母提示写出空缺处单词正确形式属基句子含义理解词汇应题单词拼写语境化具综合考查功实现单词拼写正确形式正确句子结构完整句子意思明确四方面考查目标样枯燥机械单词记忆测试活化集理解语法结构词性拼写体综合性题型仅已达定检测效果起良导作扭转中学英语教学中长期形成注重ABCD忽视语言基功语言综合运力倾
高考单词拼写题命题特点
1 单词拼写考查考生识词记词词力类试题体现词离句特点求考生注意单词句子中确切含义正确形式孤立死记硬背单词
2 单词出汉语提示填词没首字母填单词解点考生时练时应做汉语提示填词练增强训练针性
3 考单词全考纲（考试说明）求词生僻词中涵盖初中单词求考生熟练掌握考纲求2000词汇
4 三年考单词中含字母数少四(2006年第66题考miss)含字母数11(2005年第69题第70题考deionimmediately)数考单词69字母复时种长度单词加注意
5 关种词性考查分布定特点(详见表)：
年份词性 名词 动词 形容词 副词
年份词性
名词
动词
形容词
副词
2005年
4
4
1
1
2006年
4
4
1
1
2007年
3
4
2
1
见实词尤名词动词形容词副词应该单词记诵重点 二高考单词拼写题常见考点(详见表)
1 名词常考数数名词法果数名词常会涉单复数变化 2 动词常考时态语态非谓语动词动词式分词规变化
3 形容词副词常考两者区较级高级变化
年份
名词
动词
形容副词
原形
式
分词
动名词
原级
较高级
数
数
规
规
规
规
2005
3
1
1
1
 
1
 
1
2
 
2006
4
 
1
1
 
2
 
 
2
 
2007
3
 
2
1
 
1
1
 
2
1
高考必备单词：
星期七天
1 Monday 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday 5 Friday
6 Saturday 7 Sunday
二年十二月
1 January 2 February 3 March 4 April 5 May
6 June 7 July 8 August 9 September 10 October 11 November 12 December
三年四季
1 spring 2 summer 3 autumn 4 winter
十三必背单词
1 abroad 国外
2 absence n 缺席 (absent adj)
3 accepted (NMET1997)
4 accident事 (accidental adj 偶然accidentally adv 偶然)
5 achievement成 (achieve v 获)
6 address址
7 admire钦佩
8 admitting (2000北京春季卷)
9 agreement 协议
10 agriculture农业 (agricultural adj 农业)
11 altogether总
12 ancient 古代
13 announced(NMET1999)
14 anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj 焦急anxiously adv 焦急)
15 apologize v 道歉 (apology n 道歉apologetic adj 道歉apologetically adv道歉)
16 apologizeapologise (2000全国卷)
17 appreciate感激欣赏 (感激thank sb谢谢某做事appreciate sth)
18 Asian(NMET1996)
19 assistant 助手
20 astonish吃惊 (astonishment n 吃惊astonishingastonished)
21 astronaut 宇航员
22 atmosphere气氛
23 attempt尝试 (作名词作动词)
24 attentively 专心
25 attentively(NMET1996)
26 attitude 态度
27 attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)
28 average 均
29 average(NMET1999)
30 balance衡
31 beauty 美 (beautiful)
32 believe相信 (belief n 信念复数beliefs)
33 beyond超
34 biology生物
35 birthday生日
36 bravery 勇敢
37 broadcast(NMET1996)
38 broadcast广播 (式分词原形)
39 carefully 心 (carefully)
40 ceiling天花板
41 celebrated (2000北京春季卷)
42 celebration 庆祝 (celebrate n 庆祝)
43 century 世纪
44 challenge 挑战
45 character 性格
46 charge收费
47 cinema电影院
48 comfort v & n 安慰 (comfortable adj comfortably adv舒适)
49 comfortably(NMET1997)
50 comment 评
51 communication 交流
52 competition 竞赛 (compete v 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)
53 composition 作文
54 concert 音乐会
55 conclude v conclusion n 结
56 condition情况 (conditions条件)
57 confessing (2000北京春季卷)
58 congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v)
59 constantly 断
60 construction(NMET1996)
61 continue继续
62 contribution 贡献 (contribute v)
63 conveniently方便 (convenient adj)
64 conversation 谈话
65 coughing(NMET1997)
66 cousin表兄弟
67 cruelty 残酷 (cruel adj cruelly adv)
68 curious 奇 (curiosity n 奇)
69 curious(NMET1996)
70 customer 顾客
71 customers (2000北京春季卷)
72 custom俗
73 damage损坏
74 declared(NMET1999)
75 delicious 美味
76 destroy毁灭 (式destroyed)
77 determined 决心
78 develop发展 (development n developing 发展中developed发达)
79 dialogue 话
80 diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)
81 difference 点 (复数形式)
82 disappointed失 (disappointing 失)
83 disappointment 失
84 discovery 发现 (复数discoveries动词discoverdiscoverer发现者)
85 disturb扰
86 dollar美元 (复数dollars)
87 downstairs楼
88 dream梦想 (式dreameddreamt)
89 electricity电 (electrical电electric 电)
90 employ 雇 (employment n employer 雇employee雇员)
91 empty倒空 (动词式emptied)
92 encourage鼓励 (encouraging encouraged encouragement n)
93 energy量
94 envelope 信封
95 envy n 妒忌 (envious adj)
96 equal(NMET1998)
97 equipment设备
98 especially 尤
99 essential(NMET1999)
100 European 欧洲
101 event事件
102 excellent极 (excellence n excellently adv)
103 exhibition(NMET1997)
104 exhibition展览
105 expense 耗费
106 experience 验 (experienced 验)
107 expert 专家
108 expression 表达
109 failure 失败 (fail v)
110 familiar(NMET1999)
111 familiar熟悉
112 favorite 喜爱 (作形容词作名词作名词时复数)
113 figure物数字
114 finger手指
115 flight飞行
116 forehead前额
117 foreign(NMET1998)
118 fortunately幸运
119 forward前
120 freezing 极冷 (frozen 冷冻)
121 frequently 常
122 furniture 家具
123 further进步
124 generally (2000全国卷)
125 geography理
126 Germany德国
127 government(NMET1996)
128 gradually逐渐
129 graduation毕业 (graduate)
130 grammar语法
131 habits (NMET1997)
132 handkerchiefs (2000北京春季卷)
133 honesty 诚实 (honest)
134 honorhonour 荣誉
135 imagination 想象力 (imagine v)
136 immediate (2000北京春季卷)
137 immediately马
138 impress 印象 (impression n)
139 incident事件
140 including包括 (include v)
141 indispensable (NMET1999)
142 industry工业 (industrial adj 工业)
143 information 信息
144 inspire激励 (inspiration n inspiring inspired)
145 institute学院
146 instrument 仪器
147 interest 兴趣
148 interrupt 断
149 interrupt断
150 introduce介绍 (introduction n)
151 irregular 规
152 journey旅程
153 judge判断 (judgment)
154 kindergarten幼园
155 knowledge 知识
156 laborlabour劳动
157 late1y(NMET1999)
158 laughter笑声
159 lawyer律师
160 librarian图书馆理员
161 loss损失 (lose lost 动词形式)
162 luckily幸运
163 magazine杂志
164 majority (2000北京春季卷)
165 majority数
166 manage 设法 (manager management)
167 market(2000全国卷)
168 marriage 结婚 (marry v 结婚married已婚)
169 material(s)cloth(NMET1996)
170 material物质材料
171 mayor市长
172 mean (NMET1999)
173 measure测量
174 medal 奖章 (较：model 模型)
175 memory记忆力 (memorize v 记住remember 记)
176 messages (2000全国卷)
177 metal 金属
178 modern现代
179 modest谦虚
180 monitor 班长监控
181 moustache 胡子
182 murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)
183 musician 音乐家
184 mysterious 神秘 (mystery 神秘)
185 nationality国籍 (nation 国家national国家)
186 naturally(NMET1998)
187 naughty 淘气
188 necessary(NMET1999)
189 ninth(NMET1998)
190 normal 正常
191 obey (NMET1997)
192 obviously明显
193 offering (2000全国卷)
194 operation手术
195 opportunity 机会
196 ordinary 普通
197 organizedorganised(NMET1996)
198 particularly 特
199 passenger 旅客
200 passengers(NMET1999)
201 patience耐心 (patiently)
202 patient病耐心
203 perfect 完美 (perfectly)
204 performed(2000北京春季卷)
205 perhaps 许
206 period 时期
207 permission许
208 persuaded(NMET1996)
209 phenomena 现象
210 physicist 物理学家
211 pilots (2000全国卷)
212 poisonous 毒 (poison)
213 political 政治 (politics)
214 popular受欢迎
215 population口
216 position 职位
217 possibility(ies)性 (possible )
218 poverty 贫穷 (poor)
219 poverty贫穷
220 practical (NMET1997)
221 preparing(NMET1998)
222 pressure(NMET1997)
223 pretend假装
224 professor 教授
225 profit 利润
226 progress进步
227 pronunciation (2000北京春季卷)
228 provide 提供 (较：offer supply)
229 public 公众
230 purpose目
231 quality(NMET1996)
232 quantity数量
233 realistic(NMET1997)
234 receive 收
235 recently(NMET1999)
236 recognisedrecognized(NMET1999)
237 recognize 认出 (recognition 承认)
238 regards 问候
239 remind提醒
240 repeat (repetition)重复
241 respect尊敬
242 restaurant 餐馆
243 restaurants(NMET1999)
244 satisfaction满意 (satisfy satisfied satisfying)
245 satisfactory 满意
246 Saturday(NMET1998)
247 scientific 科学
248 scientific科学
249 secretary秘书
250 secretly (2000北京春季卷)
251 separately单独
252 separates (NMET1998)
253 serious 严重 (seriously)
254 service服务
255 shortcoming缺点
256 silence 安静 (silent)
257 similar (2000北京春季卷)
258 similar 类似 (similarity –ies相似处)
259 situation形势情况
260 slightly(2000全国卷)
261 society 社会 (social adj 社会)
262 southern(2000全国卷)
263 special特
264 species 物种 (单复数形)
265 spring(NMET1997)
266 square 方
267 stolen(2000全国卷)
268 straight(NMET1997)
269 suitable合适
270 support支持
271 surprise吃惊
272 surround 包围
273 swimming(NMET1998)
274 technique 技术 (technical adj)
275 technology技术
276 temperature温度
277 theory 理
278 thirsty口渴
279 thorough (NMET1997)
280 total合计
281 traffic 交通
282 translated(NMET1998)
283 translation 翻译 (translator翻译家interpret 解说 interpreter 口语翻译)
284 umbrella(NMET1999)
285 umbrella伞
286 unusually寻常 (unusual寻常)
287 unwilling 愿意 (willing adj 愿意 will n 意志)
288 upstairs(2000全国卷)
289 upstairs楼
290 vacation假期
291 various种样 (variety n 种类)
292 victim受害者
293 victory胜利
294 vocabulary词汇
295 voyage航行
296 waste (NMET1999)
297 wealth财富
298 weather(NMET1998)
299 whisper 低语
300 worship崇拜
301 youth年轻 (复数加s)
302 zero 零
认读较难词汇100
audience available award accurate agent scare survive system
transport variety reward relate rescue respond quantity paragraph precious original oxygen nuclear merchant merely majority interview
intelligence influence illegal independent immigrate envy
guilty gesture confuse combine convenient commercial comment





第七部分：短文改错（15分）
考点：动词
1． 谓语动词时态
1）种时态法
2）时态协调致 a 简单句中 时态时间状语致b 两两谓语语时 时态求致c 列连词连接两句子 时态求致d 句句时态呼应
2．谓语动词语态
1）动语态动语态误
2）动语态正确形式
3）动语态时态句中时态呼应
3．谓致
4．谓语动词语气
1）虚拟语气条件句中应
2）虚拟语气宾语句中应
3）虚拟语气语句中应
5．情态动词
1）must表示必须 时 否定式needn’tdo not have to must not表示许 禁止
2）needdare作情态动词 作实义动词 作实义动词时 构成问句否定句 需助动词dodoesdid
3）can+have+分词结构疑问句否定句中 表示事情作推测
4）could+have+分词结构表示事情作推测外 表示某事发生 实际没发生
5）maymight+have+分词结构表示事情作推测(已……)
6）must+have+分词结构表示事情作肯定判断(……定已……吧)
7）shouldought to+have+分词结构表示应做未做事 含责责备语气(应该……)
8）need not+have+分词结构表示做没必做事(必……)
6．谓语结构(缺少谓语)
例：(NMET05II)I now think English fun to learnfun前加isEnglish宾语句语面应谓语般现时单数需加is
7．固定结构
例：(NMET04I)Can you tell me about what I should do？掉about
8．非谓语动词
1）定式动形式误
2）定式Ving误
3）形式语形式宾语it误
4）had better would rather than等词面带to定式
5）动词定式般式完成式误
6）动词plan expect wish intend mean want would(should) like等面定式完成式表示原算做终未做成事情
7）Ving形式分词误：surprising(令吃惊) surprised(感惊讶)
考点二：名词
1． 句中名词单复数形式
2． 句中数名词数名词误
3． 句中格误
4． 句中名词前限定词误
考点三：形容词副词
1． 句中形容词副词位置
2． 系动词形容词副词误
3． 句中易混淆形容词误易混淆副词误
4． 句中形容词副词较级高级构成错误
5． 句中形容词副词较级高级错误
6． 列结构前形容词副词级等
考点四：代 词
1． 称代词单复数
2． 称代词格宾格误
3． 形容词性物代词名词性物代词误
4． 物代词指代
5． 反身代词单复数称指代名词否致
6． 定代词some any no none many much few little each every one all both either other another otherssome any no every构成复合词误
7． 指示代词误
考点五：数 词
1． 基数词序数词间误
2． 百 千 百万等数字正确表述
3． 分数正确表达
4． 表示历史十年代某十岁时正确表达方式
5． 数词词构成复合形容词正确性
考点六：介词
1．介词正确
2介词遗漏 特注意作定语定式否缺少必介词
3余介词
4句中介词动词 名词 形容词 副词等搭配正确
考点七：连 词
1．列句中列连词正确遗漏列连词情况
2 复合句中 属连词正确
3语句位语句前连词否遗漏
4连词间误 尤ifwhether间误
考点八：句致关系
1语序
2连接词误
3连接词漏尤语句位语句中that
4宾语句句时态呼应
5语句谓语数否致
6语句置时形式语it正确
7ifwhether误
8．关系代词关系副词正确
9．先行词定语句谓语动词数否致
10．关系代词格正确尤关系代词作语介词前置时
11．关系副词介词重复情况
12作语关系代词漏
13非限制性定语句关系代词正确
14．定语句中关系代词关系副词外余代词副词误
考点九：冠 词　
1两定冠词间误
2定冠词定冠词间误
3冠词漏
4冠词错
第八部分：书面表达（30分）
高三英语写作高分秘诀
1．句式变化：① 复合句列句 ② 倒装句
（1） 虚拟语气中if省略      （2）only+状语置句首
（3）否定词置句首          （4）点副词置句首
③ 强调句型
It is ……that (who)…
④ 非谓语动词
⑤ 虚拟语气
⑥ 固定句型结构
too…to…       so…that…    such a…that…    not only…but also…  neither…nor…  such as…      not …until…    so that…      either…or… 
⑦直接引语间接引语
种时态动名词定式列结构
2．高等级词汇短语
① 高等级词汇    ② 短语   ③ 谚语   ④ 表强调词alone just single only not…at all on the earth  the very    on earth等
⑤ 修辞手法明喻 暗喻夸张头韵拟等
as busy as a bee       as proud as a peacock   as blind as a bat as cool as a cucumber
3 连接词渡然连贯通气呵成
1） 空间展开段落中连接词渡词：
above  before me     here    on the left
across  below   in the distance  on the right
beyond   nearby   opposite to  over
also   further   next to  on top of
up  down  close to   beneath
under  around   near to   along
2) 时间序展开段落中连接词渡词
soon  then suddenly   at the same time  next early
this morning year  now   after  at present later afterwards finally at last  all of a sudden   at noon in the morningafternoonevening
3) 分析法展开段落中连接词渡词
 first second etc  now   for this purpose
 but  as a result  furthermore
 finally  at last  moreover
 also  therefore likewise
 another   for example  next
 yet   for instance  on the contrary
 once  in addition  in summary
 such   in this case  on the other hand
 then  otherwise   in conclusion
 thus     
4) 较法展开段落中连接词渡词
 another     moreover   in addition (to)
 equally important  too also   at the same time
 besides   then   in the same way
 in fact  like  similarly  
5) 法展开段落中连接词渡词
on the contrary different from  on the other hand  in contrast to  despite
in spite of yet but whereas unlike nevertheless  not only…butalso here…there years)one ago…today the former…the latter then…now    some…others   one…the other   once…now  
on (the one hand…on the other hand(方面…方面) 
6)逻辑关系
递进 then(然) besides() furthermore() moreover(外)
转折 however(然) but() on the country(相反) after all(毕竟)
总结 finally() at last() in brief(总)
in conclusion()强调 indeed(确实) certainly(定) surely(确定) above all(尤) in the same way(样) just as(正) on the one hand…on the other hand
4．写作中率高覆盖面广基句式
短文写作中率高覆盖面广基句式组句式功相相似考生根情况选择中1－2做够熟练正确仿写套
１表示原 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．． 6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstlypeople’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondlymost people are well paid and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not leastmore and more people prefer to enjoy modern life． 注：考生写第句子没握改写成两句子：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．样写避免套中表达失误
２表示处 1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us． 5）It is of great benefit to us．
例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world betterand they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Thereforereading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us．
例： Howevereverything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．
4表示重必困难方便 1）It is important（necessarydifficultconvenient possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．
例： Computers are now being used everywherewhether in the governmentin schools or in business．Soon computers will be found in every hometoo．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Thereforewe must take some effective measures to solve it．
6表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years． 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education． 例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadaysmore and more people are switching from grain to meat for proteinand from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
7表示事实现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）Howeverthat’s not the case．
例： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8表示较 1）Compared with AB．．． 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them．
例：Compared with carsbicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstlythey do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondlythey do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not leastthey contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．
9表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
例： With the improvement of the living standardthe proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．
： From the graph listed aboveit can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．
10表示法 1）People have（takeadoptassume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
例： People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success． Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．
： Do lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it． 注：段落时适宜问句开始考生应掌握写作方法
11表示结 1）In shortit can be said that ．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned abovewe can come to the conclusion that ．．．
例： From what has been mentioned abovewe can come to the conclusion that examination is necessaryhowever its method should be improved． 注：例句1段落结句例句3文章结段第句
12套语 1）It’s well known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to us．．． 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（tablechart）listed aboveit can be seen that ．．． 5）As a proverb saysWhere there is a willthere is a way．
例： As is well known to usit is important for the students to know the world outside campus． The reason for this is obvious．Nowadaysthe society is changing and developing rapidlyand the campus is no longer an ivory tower’ As college studentswe must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．
： Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．
5 英文写作必背35句型
~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 词 + have ever + seen ( knownheardhadread etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 词 + have ever + seen ( knownheardhadread     etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen
     海伦美丽女孩     Mr Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had      张老师遇仁慈教师
二Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education
     没接受教育更重事
三~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much（强调重性）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much
    强调保护眼睛重性
四There is no denying that + S + V （否认）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse     否认生活品质已况愈
五It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界知道）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us
     全世界知道树木缺
六There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫疑问）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired
    毫疑问教育制度令满意
七An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （优点）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won＇t create (produce) any pollution   太阳优点会制造污染
八The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （原）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air The  reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us
     必须种树原供应新鲜空气
九So + 形容词 + be + 词 + that + 句子 （致）
例句：So precious is time that we can＇t afford to waste it
     时间珍贵起浪费
十Adj + as + Subject（词）+ be S + V~~~ （然）
例句： Rich as our country is the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory {by no  means in no way on no account 点}
    然国家富生活品质绝令满意
十The　+　~er　+　S　+　V　~~~　the　+　~er　+　S　+　V　~~~　
The　+　more　+　Adj　+　S　+　V　~~~　the　+　more+　Adj　+　S　+　V　~~~（愈愈）　例句：The　harder　you　work　the　more　progress　you　make　愈努力愈进步　     
The　more　books　we　read　the　more　learned　we become　
      书读愈愈学问　
十二By　+Ving　~~　can　~~　（着够）
例句：By　taking　exercise　we　can　always　stay　healthy　
      着做运动够始终保持健康　
十三~~~　enable　+　Object（受词）+　to　+　V　（够）　
例句：Listening　to　music　enables　us　to　feel　relaxed　
      听音乐够感觉轻松　
十四On　no　account　can　we　　+　V　~~~　（绝）　
例句：On　no　account　can　we　ignore　the　value　of　knowledge　
      绝忽略知识价值　
十五It　is　time　+　S　+　式　（该时候）　
例句：It　is　time　the　authorities　concerned　took proper steps(measuresaction)　to　solve　the　traffic　problems　
      该关局采取适步骤（措施行动）解决交通问题时候　
十六Those　who　~~~　（）　
例句：Those　who　violate　traffic　regulations　should　be　punished　
      违反交通规定应该受处罚　
十七There　is　no　one　but　~~~　（没）　
例句：There　is　no　one　but　longs　to　go　to　college　
      没渴学　
十八be　+　forcedcompelledobliged　+　to　+　V　（）　
例句：Since　the　examination　is　around　the　corner　I　am　compelled　to　give　up　doing　sports　
      然考试迫眉睫放弃做运动　
十九It is　conceivable　that　+　句子　（想知）　
It　is　obvious　that　+　句子　（明显）　
It　is　apparent　that　+　句子　（显然）　
例句：It　is　conceivable　that　knowledge　plays　an important　role　in　our　life    想知知识生中扮演重角色　
二十That　is　the　reason　why　~~~　（原）　
例句：Summer　is　sultry　That　is　the　reason　why I　don＇t　like　it　
      夏天燠热喜欢原　
二十For　the　past　　+　时间S　+　现完成式（年直）　
例句：For　the　past　two　years　I　have　been　busy　preparing　for　the　examination　 两年直忙着准备考试　
二十二Since　+　S　+　式S　+　现完成式　
例句：Since　he　went　to　senior　high　school　he has　worked　very　hard　 高中直功
二十三It　pays　to　+　V　~~~　（值）　
例句：It　pays　to　help　others　
      帮助值　
二十四be　based　on　（基础）　
例句：The　progress　of　the　society　is　based　on harmony　
      社会进步谐基础　
二十五Spare　no　effortexpense　to　+　V　（遗余力）　
例句：We　should　spare　no　effortexpense　to　beautify　our　environment　
      应该遗余力美化环境　
二十六bring　home　to　+　　+　事　（明白事）　
例句：We　should　bring　home　to　people　the　value of　working　hard　应该明白努力价值　
二十七be　closely　related　to　~~　（息息相关）　
例句：Taking　exercise　is　closely　related　to　health　
      做运动健康息息相关　
二十八Get　into　the　habit　of　+　Ving　make　it　a　rule　to　+　V　（养成惯）　
We　should　get　into　the　habit　of　keeping　good hours　
应该养成早睡早起惯　
二十九Due　toOwing　toThanks　to　+　NVing　~~~（）　
例句：Thanks　to　his　encouragement　I　finally　realized　my　dream　
鼓励终实现梦想　
三十What　a　+　Adj　+　N　+　S　+　V　How　+　Adj　+　a　+　N　S+　V（）　
例句：What　an　important　thing　it　is　to　keep　our　promise　
How　important　a　thing　it　is　to　keep　our　promise　
      遵守诺言重事　
三十Leave　much　to　be　desired　（令满意）
例句：The　condition　of　our　traffic　leaves　much to　be　desired　
      交通状况令满意　
三十二Have　a　great　influence　on　~~~　（影响）　
例句：Smoking　has　a　great　influence　on　our　health　
      抽烟健康影响　
三十三do　good　to　（益）do　harm　to　（害）　
例句：Reading　does　good　to　our　mind读书心灵益　
      Overwork　does　harm　to　health工作度健康害
　三十四Pose　a　great　threat　to　~~　（造成威胁）　
例句：Pollution　poses　a　great　threat　to　our　existence　
      污染生存造成威胁　
三十五do　one＇s　utmost　to　+　V　　do　one＇s　best　（全力）　
例句：We　should　do　our　utmost　to　achieve　our　goal　in　life　
      应全力达成生目标　
6 漂亮书写书写右倾斜5度角字间距留英文字母a 间隔书写落横线


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