关针指导写作训练三点注意
清华园教育网
HR Planning System Integration and Upgrading Research
of
A Suzhou Institution
指导写作训练三点注意
周萍
[摘]文提出教师指导学生进行写作训练时应提醒学生注意三方面问
题写作重表达思想重视关联词注意体裁写作风格等
[关键词汇]书面表达写作训练
写作学生种英语技运力综合考查正哈瑞斯（Harris）指出写作高度复杂程包括五组成部分：（1）单词拼写写标点（2）语法（3）表达容（4）句子文章结构（5）体裁写作风格（Harris19696869）三部分尤重充分考虑表达容文章结构体裁写作风格完成作文达较高层次
快提高学生写作水教师时指导学生进行写作训练时应提醒学生注意三方面问题：
写作表达思想翻译
写作重特点思想表达容应连贯围绕中心话题展开部分学生写作程中走入误区：仅仅根书面表达中出中文点提示逐词逐句翻译样完成作文较生硬教师必须首先纠正学生错误观念然通种训练方法逐步提高学生写作水
1．句式表达容
2001年起实行高考作文评分标准强调书面表达中语言样性连贯性体性文字表述求清楚详细档次间差异较明显时淡化语言错误追求力度评判着眼点放短文意思表达（韩梅2004）说新评分标准求学生够情景容变化写出句式样语句恰动词短语句（状语
清华园教育网
句定语句名词性句等）分词（现分词分词独立格结构等）教师应该意识写作训练中求学生运种句式表达容时间样珍贵必须珍惜句话采种方式表达：
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 表达方式
2． 英汉表达异
英语汉语某句型词序相汉语说学生英语说He is a good student英语汉语毕竟分属语系具思维模式根心理语言学家研究英汉思维模式间差异语言学着重影响例汉语负迁移影响学生There be…句型表达…做某事书面表达中出现类错误There are 40 of thestudents against the idea of entrance fees方面说明学生没完全掌握英语句型特征简单句中出现两动词方面说明学生没掌握There be…句型基法表达某某物非常喜欢书汉语思维序学生样写I very like this book天午 某学生头脑中one day morning实英语表达one morning教师果够指导写作教学中加强英汉表达相点处较特列出学生容易出错句型表达方式效减少学生书面表达中中国式英语出现（沈瑛2004）
3． 采迂回表达法
少学生懂书面表达中变通技巧善陌生词汇熟悉方式迂回表达出写作时常拼音汉字代某表达出单词短语甚干脆文章中留空格教师写作训练时介绍培养学生掌握化难易化繁简方法某次书面表达中条点害垃圾填埋害（harmful）填埋（bury）学生词汇难点懂迂回表达学生bad dangerous代harmfulcover…with soil代bury中较句子：The rubbish which is bad for people’s health is covered with soil deep in the earth(凌蕙 王英民1999 )
外提示中表达较书面化方取重点点适组合展开篇说明时间价值书面表达点提示中样两条1时间种抽象概念见摸着2时间宝贵旦失学生知英语表达抽象概念感笔时果抓住点时间宝贵两句合调
整序完全写出符合原意句子：Time is very valuable to us all though we can neither touch it nor see it Once it goes by it will never come back to us again
二 重视关联词语运
Time is so valuable to us all that we should make good use of it Time is such a valuable thing that we should value it Time is as important as one’s life so we should make the best of it Time is very valuable to us all so we should make the most of it We should not waste time because it is very valuable to us all Time being valuable to us all we should not waste it 写作程中运种表达方法文章生动富变化时复
写作训练中句子文章结构重环节中国学生写英语文章时常语义中心思维连贯语义然衔接前贯通呼应表达完整意思象西方讲究逻辑条理句子间象英文篇章关联词（刘爱真2001）实际关联词（称渡语）文章中起连接句句段段中间媒介作果整篇书面表达行文流畅层次分明
常表示时间关联词： at first then later in the end finally at last as soon as from then on when before after at the same time meanwhile等表示果：because thanks to so thus等表示列举：for example take…for example such as and so on 等表示转折：but however on the contrary otherwise after all in fact as a matter of fact等表示总结：in a word on the whole in short in general等
面篇学生作例说明关联词重性：
How to be a good learner goals Why Perhaps learning methods are of great importance in studying Only by learning properly and efficiently can we succeed If we don’t use correct methods we will not improve in the end can we improve our study efficiency Firstly a careful plan is needed After making a good plan we should also think of it and sum up what we have done regularlySecondly we must learn to make better use of the resources and chances around us When we are facing difficulties we can also consult references to help us Thirdly we should combine studying with relaxing As the famous saying goes Always work and no play makes Jack a dull boy When we get tired stop studying and taking a break is a must
There’s no smooth road in learning But there are really keys to success Good learning methods are necessary and hard working is also important Believe in the famous saying Where 篇作涵盖题目中列出点注意文章整体布局结构But…Then…And连接段落时第二段说明提高学效率时FirstlySecondly Thirdly等整篇文章行文连贯条理清晰读者留深刻印象
教师指导写作时先连接两三短句训练入手逐步学生意识连接词重作促学生够意识独立写作中加运
三 注意体裁写作风格
1 增加句子感情色彩
体裁书面表达通常分三类记叙文(常图写话形式出现包括日记书信等)说明文议文两者求写作时客观说明情况陈述事实表达观点记叙文准确流畅表达写作点时适增加句子感情色彩增加情味文章读起更亲切达读者进行交流目(王中锋 谢京敏2004)
Do you think you’ll like it If not I can try and find another flat for you (NMET2003范文) (表现作者朋友职责心情回信充满浓厚感情色彩)
As far as I know everyone is happy about the arrangement of things (NMET2001范文)
(表现作者减负喜悦心情)
2注意书信格式
应文写作中出错书信格式中文信件中写信日期信末写信落款面：
敬爱老师：
您学生：李华
七月二十二日
英文信件中日期应安排整封书信右角示
Dear MaryJuly 22nd
学生受汉语思维影响写英文信时常日期放错位置教师通中英文书信格式较促学生掌握正确格式
3体会写作风格
写作风格千差万应该指导学生阅读英文原著程中细细体会海明威马克〃吐温等作家语言风格非常独特较容易学生接受样说想提高写作水时绝忽视阅读语言输入达定量语言输出质量
综述教师应该写作重点表达重视关联词注意体裁写作风格三方面入手培养学生基写作技够更表达事实观点情感交流信息
参考书目
HarrisDP1969Testing English as a Second Language McGrawHill Book Company 韩梅2004高考英语书面表达命题研究—特点预测趋势[J]中学外语教学(3)912
凌蕙 王英民1999高三英语专项练[J]中学外语教学(5)1925
沈瑛2004新课程中语法教学定位策略[J]中学外语教学(8)14
刘爱真2001文化思维模式宏观剖析英语教学[J]国外外语教学(1)：1519 王中锋 谢京敏2004新标准 新求—谈高考英语作文高分特征[J]中国考试(1)
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清华园教育网
HR Planning System Integration and Upgrading Research
of
A Suzhou Institution
指导写作训练三点注意
周萍
[摘]文提出教师指导学生进行写作训练时应提醒学生注意三方面问
题写作重表达思想重视关联词注意体裁写作风格等
[关键词汇]书面表达写作训练
写作学生种英语技运力综合考查正哈瑞斯（Harris）指出写作高度复杂程包括五组成部分：（1）单词拼写写标点（2）语法（3）表达容（4）句子文章结构（5）体裁写作风格（Harris19696869）三部分尤重充分考虑表达容文章结构体裁写作风格完成作文达较高层次
快提高学生写作水教师时指导学生进行写作训练时应提醒学生注意三方面问题：
写作表达思想翻译
写作重特点思想表达容应连贯围绕中心话题展开部分学生写作程中走入误区：仅仅根书面表达中出中文点提示逐词逐句翻译样完成作文较生硬教师必须首先纠正学生错误观念然通种训练方法逐步提高学生写作水
1．句式表达容
2001年起实行高考作文评分标准强调书面表达中语言样性连贯性体性文字表述求清楚详细档次间差异较明显时淡化语言错误追求力度评判着眼点放短文意思表达（韩梅2004）说新评分标准求学生够情景容变化写出句式样语句恰动词短语句（状语
清华园教育网
句定语句名词性句等）分词（现分词分词独立格结构等）教师应该意识写作训练中求学生运种句式表达容时间样珍贵必须珍惜句话采种方式表达：
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 表达方式
2． 英汉表达异
英语汉语某句型词序相汉语说学生英语说He is a good student英语汉语毕竟分属语系具思维模式根心理语言学家研究英汉思维模式间差异语言学着重影响例汉语负迁移影响学生There be…句型表达…做某事书面表达中出现类错误There are 40 of thestudents against the idea of entrance fees方面说明学生没完全掌握英语句型特征简单句中出现两动词方面说明学生没掌握There be…句型基法表达某某物非常喜欢书汉语思维序学生样写I very like this book天午 某学生头脑中one day morning实英语表达one morning教师果够指导写作教学中加强英汉表达相点处较特列出学生容易出错句型表达方式效减少学生书面表达中中国式英语出现（沈瑛2004）
3． 采迂回表达法
少学生懂书面表达中变通技巧善陌生词汇熟悉方式迂回表达出写作时常拼音汉字代某表达出单词短语甚干脆文章中留空格教师写作训练时介绍培养学生掌握化难易化繁简方法某次书面表达中条点害垃圾填埋害（harmful）填埋（bury）学生词汇难点懂迂回表达学生bad dangerous代harmfulcover…with soil代bury中较句子：The rubbish which is bad for people’s health is covered with soil deep in the earth(凌蕙 王英民1999 )
外提示中表达较书面化方取重点点适组合展开篇说明时间价值书面表达点提示中样两条1时间种抽象概念见摸着2时间宝贵旦失学生知英语表达抽象概念感笔时果抓住点时间宝贵两句合调
整序完全写出符合原意句子：Time is very valuable to us all though we can neither touch it nor see it Once it goes by it will never come back to us again
二 重视关联词语运
Time is so valuable to us all that we should make good use of it Time is such a valuable thing that we should value it Time is as important as one’s life so we should make the best of it Time is very valuable to us all so we should make the most of it We should not waste time because it is very valuable to us all Time being valuable to us all we should not waste it 写作程中运种表达方法文章生动富变化时复
写作训练中句子文章结构重环节中国学生写英语文章时常语义中心思维连贯语义然衔接前贯通呼应表达完整意思象西方讲究逻辑条理句子间象英文篇章关联词（刘爱真2001）实际关联词（称渡语）文章中起连接句句段段中间媒介作果整篇书面表达行文流畅层次分明
常表示时间关联词： at first then later in the end finally at last as soon as from then on when before after at the same time meanwhile等表示果：because thanks to so thus等表示列举：for example take…for example such as and so on 等表示转折：but however on the contrary otherwise after all in fact as a matter of fact等表示总结：in a word on the whole in short in general等
面篇学生作例说明关联词重性：
How to be a good learner goals Why Perhaps learning methods are of great importance in studying Only by learning properly and efficiently can we succeed If we don’t use correct methods we will not improve in the end can we improve our study efficiency Firstly a careful plan is needed After making a good plan we should also think of it and sum up what we have done regularlySecondly we must learn to make better use of the resources and chances around us When we are facing difficulties we can also consult references to help us Thirdly we should combine studying with relaxing As the famous saying goes Always work and no play makes Jack a dull boy When we get tired stop studying and taking a break is a must
There’s no smooth road in learning But there are really keys to success Good learning methods are necessary and hard working is also important Believe in the famous saying Where 篇作涵盖题目中列出点注意文章整体布局结构But…Then…And连接段落时第二段说明提高学效率时FirstlySecondly Thirdly等整篇文章行文连贯条理清晰读者留深刻印象
教师指导写作时先连接两三短句训练入手逐步学生意识连接词重作促学生够意识独立写作中加运
三 注意体裁写作风格
1 增加句子感情色彩
体裁书面表达通常分三类记叙文(常图写话形式出现包括日记书信等)说明文议文两者求写作时客观说明情况陈述事实表达观点记叙文准确流畅表达写作点时适增加句子感情色彩增加情味文章读起更亲切达读者进行交流目(王中锋 谢京敏2004)
Do you think you’ll like it If not I can try and find another flat for you (NMET2003范文) (表现作者朋友职责心情回信充满浓厚感情色彩)
As far as I know everyone is happy about the arrangement of things (NMET2001范文)
(表现作者减负喜悦心情)
2注意书信格式
应文写作中出错书信格式中文信件中写信日期信末写信落款面：
敬爱老师：
您学生：李华
七月二十二日
英文信件中日期应安排整封书信右角示
Dear MaryJuly 22nd
学生受汉语思维影响写英文信时常日期放错位置教师通中英文书信格式较促学生掌握正确格式
3体会写作风格
写作风格千差万应该指导学生阅读英文原著程中细细体会海明威马克〃吐温等作家语言风格非常独特较容易学生接受样说想提高写作水时绝忽视阅读语言输入达定量语言输出质量
综述教师应该写作重点表达重视关联词注意体裁写作风格三方面入手培养学生基写作技够更表达事实观点情感交流信息
参考书目
HarrisDP1969Testing English as a Second Language McGrawHill Book Company 韩梅2004高考英语书面表达命题研究—特点预测趋势[J]中学外语教学(3)912
凌蕙 王英民1999高三英语专项练[J]中学外语教学(5)1925
沈瑛2004新课程中语法教学定位策略[J]中学外语教学(8)14
刘爱真2001文化思维模式宏观剖析英语教学[J]国外外语教学(1)：1519 王中锋 谢京敏2004新标准 新求—谈高考英语作文高分特征[J]中国考试(1)
文档香网(httpswwwxiangdangnet)户传
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档
