高考英语阅读理解题常见问题解决方法
阅读理解题型高考英语试卷中重中重分值高时间速度难操作某种程度说决定高考成功否高考阅读理解求考生35分钟左右时间完成四五篇短文理解篇短文涵盖记叙文说明文议文报刊广告书信应文等种体裁涉物事社会文化政治济科普新闻广告等种题材
观五年高考试题出阅读理解选材特点：鲜明时代感丰富样题材灵活样形式浓厚原汁原味性体现现代英语特点加容复杂程度长难句子反映现代科学现实生活中新发展新变化果没良阅读素养英语语感读起晦涩难懂知云考查仅考生整篇文章握力考查快速捕捉信息准确理解特定细节复杂句子力考生仅理解文章表层意思更重通文章表层合理推断挖掘文章隐含意义延伸意义考生力智力心理综合检验
阅读理解常见题型：旨意题分析推理题细节理解题猜测词义题中细节判断试题加深层次理解试题篇章结构试题考查力度
年阅读理解题型特点：
1．词汇量断攀升
年高考阅读理解部分阅读量直保持增长趋势阅读量增加意味着阅读速度求提高提醒培养考生提高阅读速度
2．更加注重综合理解力考查
阅读理解力测试设题方式：
(1) 理解读材料旨意
(2)理解文中说明旨意事实细节
(3)根文推断词短语句子含义
(4)根文章叙述作出简单推断判断
(5)理解文章基篇章结构
(6)理解作者意图观点态度
笔者根高考阅卷阅卷老师谈话总结出考生做阅读理解题时常出现问题：
问题：缺乏领悟文章旨意力
问题二：缺乏猜测生词力
问题三：缺乏握文章细节力
问题四：缺乏推理判断力
问题：缺乏领悟文章旨意力
问题描述分析
类阅读理解题求考生短文找出佳标题(title)中心思想(main idea)等考查领悟文章旨意力题型求考生理解全文纳短文意概括中心思想选择短文标题暗含文章中充分注意文章首尾句段少文章开头便展示出文章梗概尤新闻类第段常事梗概段表达文章中心思想文章段落常开头句作题句概括该段中心思想少文章段落中中心思想贯穿整文章中必须具备定纳概括力选答案类
题属浅层次理解档次考生缺乏领悟文章旨意力常常枝节问题缠绕导致题目做错失分
新课标区高考阅读理解试题特点倾语篇角度进行考查文章题根全文信息进行推理判断考试程中果分纠缠细节容易偏概全者纳题太泛果碰文章涉素材熟悉考生容易观臆断背离命题意解答旨意题时考生容易文章中出现细节误认文章段落中心思想然细节容旨意定联系偏概全果纠缠文章中细节总体握作者阐明容容易做错题
例 Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly flies like a fat chicken eats green leaves has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪子)on its wings when young They build their homes about 46 m above the river an important feature(特征)for the safety of the young It is called the hoatzin
In appearance the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside The head is small with a large set of feathers on the top bright red eyes and blue skin Its nearest relatives are the common birds cuckoos Its most striking feature though is only found in the young
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip Using these four claws together with the beak(喙)they can climb about in the bushes looking very much like primitive birds must have done When the young hoatzins have learned to fly they lose their claws
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds but in April when the rainy season begins they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes
(全国Ⅰ卷)
What is the text mainly about
A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins
解析：文第段说亚马逊河流域种鸟先学会游泳学会飞翔第二段说外表第三段叙述种鸟幼鸟学会飞翔蜕变第四段讲述生活特性年12月次年3月4月份雨季时生活性叙述文题D介绍种hoatzin鸟外表生活性B项hoatzin天敌亲戚文没提A项雨季干燥季节hoatzinC项始祖鸟亚马逊hoatzins文章部分容考生懂者理解片面导致选错
答案：D
解决方案复指南
做类题目时首先搞清题意利文中信息握文脉进行综合纳概括文章题标题标题中蕴涵信息关键信息篇文章围绕某题展开许文章中明显特点反复出现中心词题词抓住便容易抓住文章中心
外学会助文章结构握中心思想段落中心思想常常题句(topic sentence)表达篇文章中心思想常常开始段结尾段点出特注意段首段尾题句没明显题句文章必须根文章中提供事实细节进行全面考虑综合分析纳出题句进概括出文章中心思想
略读阅读第步特考场时间紧阅读量情况获取答题需信息时常规逐字逐句读意群意群扫描省略量寻信息关词句求提高答题效率重点掌握三点：
1．抓住题句锁定文章旨
仔细阅读类文章段落首尾句关键做旨意类试题采浏览法浏览时般需逐句浏览需选读文章首段尾段段首句尾句重点搜索题线索题信息
2．抓住段落意概括中心思想
寻找整篇文章中心思想建立寻找具体段落中心基础段落中心整体纳便文章中心思想程中考生言片语光文章某段落应该观察全文结构安排理解文章重点考虑文章中材料支撑性细节服务什分析事发展结局围绕什中心安排简明扼文字文章中心思想表达出偏概全概括时宽泛恰分
3．抓住线关键纳文章中心
注意段落题句时题句暗含句中阅读样文章需根文章细节分析概括出段落题推导出文章旨分析方法：先弄清该段落讲方面容容逻辑什联系然加纳形成题：
To err is human To blame the other guy is even more human
Common sense is not all that common
Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse
These three popular misquotes(戏谑引语)are meant to be jokes and yet they tell us a lot about human nature To err or to make mistakes is indeed a part of being human but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem Perhaps it is the natural thing to doThe original quote about human nature went like this：To err is human to forgive divine(神圣)．This saying mirrors an ideal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes Instead we tend to do the opposite—find someone else to pass the blame on to However taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity
Common sense is what we call clear thought Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well and it also means staying with the plan Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything People say that in a large company the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing
And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art One of the common problems with making excuses is that people especially young people get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time There is a corollary(直接推)to that if a good excuse is good even if it isn’t honest then where is the place of the truth？
(天津卷)
What would be the best title for this passage
A．A Mirror of Human Nature
B．To Blame or to Forgive
C．A Mark of Maturity
D．Truth of Excuse
解析：题选出佳标题应文章旨意出发升华佳标题A性镜子B责备原谅C成熟标志D口真相BC
D文章方面标题偏赅全选A
答案：A
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阅读理解题型高考英语试卷中重中重分值高时间速度难操作某种程度说决定高考成功否高考阅读理解求考生35分钟左右时间完成四五篇短文理解篇短文涵盖记叙文说明文议文报刊广告书信应文等种体裁涉物事社会文化政治济科普新闻广告等种题材
观五年高考试题出阅读理解选材特点：鲜明时代感丰富样题材灵活样形式浓厚原汁原味性体现现代英语特点加容复杂程度长难句子反映现代科学现实生活中新发展新变化果没良阅读素养英语语感读起晦涩难懂知云考查仅考生整篇文章握力考查快速捕捉信息准确理解特定细节复杂句子力考生仅理解文章表层意思更重通文章表层合理推断挖掘文章隐含意义延伸意义考生力智力心理综合检验
阅读理解常见题型：旨意题分析推理题细节理解题猜测词义题中细节判断试题加深层次理解试题篇章结构试题考查力度
年阅读理解题型特点：
1．词汇量断攀升
年高考阅读理解部分阅读量直保持增长趋势阅读量增加意味着阅读速度求提高提醒培养考生提高阅读速度
2．更加注重综合理解力考查
阅读理解力测试设题方式：
(1) 理解读材料旨意
(2)理解文中说明旨意事实细节
(3)根文推断词短语句子含义
(4)根文章叙述作出简单推断判断
(5)理解文章基篇章结构
(6)理解作者意图观点态度
笔者根高考阅卷阅卷老师谈话总结出考生做阅读理解题时常出现问题：
问题：缺乏领悟文章旨意力
问题二：缺乏猜测生词力
问题三：缺乏握文章细节力
问题四：缺乏推理判断力
问题：缺乏领悟文章旨意力
问题描述分析
类阅读理解题求考生短文找出佳标题(title)中心思想(main idea)等考查领悟文章旨意力题型求考生理解全文纳短文意概括中心思想选择短文标题暗含文章中充分注意文章首尾句段少文章开头便展示出文章梗概尤新闻类第段常事梗概段表达文章中心思想文章段落常开头句作题句概括该段中心思想少文章段落中中心思想贯穿整文章中必须具备定纳概括力选答案类
题属浅层次理解档次考生缺乏领悟文章旨意力常常枝节问题缠绕导致题目做错失分
新课标区高考阅读理解试题特点倾语篇角度进行考查文章题根全文信息进行推理判断考试程中果分纠缠细节容易偏概全者纳题太泛果碰文章涉素材熟悉考生容易观臆断背离命题意解答旨意题时考生容易文章中出现细节误认文章段落中心思想然细节容旨意定联系偏概全果纠缠文章中细节总体握作者阐明容容易做错题
例 Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly flies like a fat chicken eats green leaves has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪子)on its wings when young They build their homes about 46 m above the river an important feature(特征)for the safety of the young It is called the hoatzin
In appearance the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside The head is small with a large set of feathers on the top bright red eyes and blue skin Its nearest relatives are the common birds cuckoos Its most striking feature though is only found in the young
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip Using these four claws together with the beak(喙)they can climb about in the bushes looking very much like primitive birds must have done When the young hoatzins have learned to fly they lose their claws
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds but in April when the rainy season begins they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes
(全国Ⅰ卷)
What is the text mainly about
A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins
解析：文第段说亚马逊河流域种鸟先学会游泳学会飞翔第二段说外表第三段叙述种鸟幼鸟学会飞翔蜕变第四段讲述生活特性年12月次年3月4月份雨季时生活性叙述文题D介绍种hoatzin鸟外表生活性B项hoatzin天敌亲戚文没提A项雨季干燥季节hoatzinC项始祖鸟亚马逊hoatzins文章部分容考生懂者理解片面导致选错
答案：D
解决方案复指南
做类题目时首先搞清题意利文中信息握文脉进行综合纳概括文章题标题标题中蕴涵信息关键信息篇文章围绕某题展开许文章中明显特点反复出现中心词题词抓住便容易抓住文章中心
外学会助文章结构握中心思想段落中心思想常常题句(topic sentence)表达篇文章中心思想常常开始段结尾段点出特注意段首段尾题句没明显题句文章必须根文章中提供事实细节进行全面考虑综合分析纳出题句进概括出文章中心思想
略读阅读第步特考场时间紧阅读量情况获取答题需信息时常规逐字逐句读意群意群扫描省略量寻信息关词句求提高答题效率重点掌握三点：
1．抓住题句锁定文章旨
仔细阅读类文章段落首尾句关键做旨意类试题采浏览法浏览时般需逐句浏览需选读文章首段尾段段首句尾句重点搜索题线索题信息
2．抓住段落意概括中心思想
寻找整篇文章中心思想建立寻找具体段落中心基础段落中心整体纳便文章中心思想程中考生言片语光文章某段落应该观察全文结构安排理解文章重点考虑文章中材料支撑性细节服务什分析事发展结局围绕什中心安排简明扼文字文章中心思想表达出偏概全概括时宽泛恰分
3．抓住线关键纳文章中心
注意段落题句时题句暗含句中阅读样文章需根文章细节分析概括出段落题推导出文章旨分析方法：先弄清该段落讲方面容容逻辑什联系然加纳形成题：
To err is human To blame the other guy is even more human
Common sense is not all that common
Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse
These three popular misquotes(戏谑引语)are meant to be jokes and yet they tell us a lot about human nature To err or to make mistakes is indeed a part of being human but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem Perhaps it is the natural thing to doThe original quote about human nature went like this：To err is human to forgive divine(神圣)．This saying mirrors an ideal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes Instead we tend to do the opposite—find someone else to pass the blame on to However taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity
Common sense is what we call clear thought Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well and it also means staying with the plan Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything People say that in a large company the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing
And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art One of the common problems with making excuses is that people especially young people get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time There is a corollary(直接推)to that if a good excuse is good even if it isn’t honest then where is the place of the truth？
(天津卷)
What would be the best title for this passage
A．A Mirror of Human Nature
B．To Blame or to Forgive
C．A Mark of Maturity
D．Truth of Excuse
解析：题选出佳标题应文章旨意出发升华佳标题A性镜子B责备原谅C成熟标志D口真相BC
D文章方面标题偏赅全选A
答案：A
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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