高考英语备考：阅读理解词块解题法
众周知阅读者天阅读力高低直接影响着学生运英语力解答阅读理解题直广师生正探索难题
词块界定
什词块？根语料库研究语言学家发现生活中约70口语常起出现词汇表达构成常起出现词汇表达称词组合词块
词块定语法规生成语言单位时需意识注意语法结构缩短理解产出语言信息时间词块教学法创始词块分四类：聚合词搭配词惯话语句子框架引语
1聚合词：单词组成固定短语搭配例as a result
2搭配词：起出现频率高词语语言长期中逐步形成种现关系例knife and fork to and fro back and forth
3惯话语：形式固定半固定具语功词汇组合完整句子固定句子结构例：If I had done I would have done
4句子框架引语：常书面语中作篇章组织手段形式功基固定半固定短语例：Firstly Secondly And finally
二词块阅读理解解题中应
1 词块旨义题
框架类词块通扫读全文确定旨义文中位置然词块总结纳
例：（2019 年全国I卷阅读理解D 篇）
附文章部分容：
第四段：In one study Dr Prinstein examined We found that It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment high status has just the opposite effect on us
第五段：Dr Prinstein has also found that the qualities — sharing kindness openness — make you better able to relate and connect with others
第六段：In analyzing his and other research Dr Prinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes but it is also responsible for those outcomes too
35 What is the best title for the text？
A Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last
B The Higher the Status the Better
C Be the BestYou Can Make It
D More SelfControl Less Aggressiveness
解析：全文六段通扫读全文关注框架类词块容易出全文旨出现三段第四六段
（1）One （study） other （research） 词块表明两处列关系
（2）also表明第五段第四段列关系：We found that also found that another表明第六段第五段列关系：found that came to another conclusion
分析知第四六段列关系三段出结基趋：友善未益A选项容（Be Nice You Wont Finish Last） 刚吻合选择A项
例二：（2016年全国I卷阅读理解D 篇）
第段：The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs
第二段：Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people In these cultures silence is a call for reflection
第三段：Other cultures may use silence in other ways For example However Mexicans may use silence when In still another use persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect
第四段：Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing
35 What may be the best title for the text？
A Sound and Silence
B What It Means to Be Silent
C Silence to Native Americans
D Speech Is Silver Silence Is Gold
解析：全文分四段通扫读全文关注词块容易出全文旨首段第句
（1）第段首句段中心句通接词块some other 知
（2）扫读第二三段首尾句通词块many other these other 等知第二三段列关系第段容分述第段构成总分关系
（3）尾段首句词块the possible meanings of silence第段首句词块The meaning of silence词块复现形成首尾呼应确认旨句全文首句
2 词块具体信息题
仔细观察题干 标出关键词块然文中定位该词块语境中寻找答案
例：（2016年全国I卷阅读理解B 篇）
第三段：in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our ownsays Christine Crosby
27 What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？
A They were unsure of raise more children
B They were eager to raise more children
C They wanted to live away from their parents
D They bad little respect for their grandparent
解析：观察27题题干 标出关键词块in the 1960s文中找源段落：第三段表达 couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own（证明够独立离家越快越越远越）知答案C选项
例二：（2019年全国I卷阅读理解C 篇）
第段： the market is growing for biometric（生物测量） technologies to keep others out of private espaces At present these technologies are still expensive though
第二段：Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard
28 Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard？
A To reduce pressure on keys
B To improve accuracy in typing
C To replace the password system
D To cut the cost of espace protection
解析：观察28题题干 标出关键词块smart keyboard文中直接定位：第二段首句语境中表达 they have come up with a lowcost device（装置）that gets around this problem…推知答案D选项：To cut the cost of espace protection（降低电子空间保护成）
3 词块推理判断题
带着题干中关键词块文章中寻找意义似表达找理解相关语境然语境中词块发散理解推断出该题答案
例：（2017年全国I卷阅读理解C 篇）
第段：Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day UNESCO（ United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music its significance and its potential as a unifying（联合）voice across cultures
28Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day？
A To remember the birth of jazz
B To protect cultural diversity
C To encourage people to study music
D To recognize the value of jazz
解析：找出题干中关键词块April 30International Jazz Day然文章中定位第段首句第二句出现类似词块：the first annual International Jazz Day set April 30 as a day然理解語境中词块to raise awareness of jazz music its significance and its potential as a unifying （联合） voice across cultures（提高爵士乐意义认识爵士乐作跨文化联合声音潜力认识） 该词块定式结构作目状语意义D 选项 To recognize the value of jazz（认识爵士乐价值）意义相
例二：（2018年全国I卷阅读理解D篇）
第二段：To figure out how much power these devices are using Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life
33 Why did Bobbitt’s team conduct the research？
A To reduce the cost of minerals
B To test the life cycle of a product
C To update consumers on new technology
D To find out electricity consumption of the devices
解析：找出题干中关键词块Bobbitt’s team然文章中定位寻找意义似表达第二段首句出现类似词块：Callie Babbitt and her colleagues接着理解语境中词块To figure out how much power these devices are using该词块定式结构句首作目状语figure outfind out义词块how much power these devices are using（设备少量）electricity consumption of the devices（设备耗电量）义词块推断出答案D项
4 词块意图观点态度题
带着题干关键词块文章中定位然理解语境中相关词块推断出答案
例：（2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解C 篇）
末段：The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves The US Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well
31 What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？
A Doubtful B Positive C Disapproving D Uncaring
解析：题干中the Yellowstone wolf project文中定位段句找The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment 中词块a valuable experiment知作者持肯定态度选B项
例二：（2017年全国I卷阅读理解A 篇）
○Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion（热情）for discovery and lifelong learning in science math and technology Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 13 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals corporations and other social organizations Visit pacificsciencecenterorg to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center
23What is the purpose of the last part of the text？
A To encourage donations
B To advertise coming events
C To introduce special exhibits
D To tell about the Centers history
解析：段落标题词块Support Pacific Science Center（支持太洋科学中心）段两句中词块we cannot achieve without generous support（没慷慨支持法取成功）find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center（找支持太洋科学中心种方法）知段写作目To encourage donations（鼓励捐赠）选A项
例三：（2018年全国I卷阅读理解D 篇）
首段：We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（装置）well after they go out of style That’s bad news for the environment and our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things
32 What does the author think of new devices？
A They are environmentfriendly
B They are no better than the old
C They cost more to use at home
D They go out of style quickly
解析：根文章首段词块keep using our old devices well（继续旧设备） That’s bad news for the environment（环境说坏消息）as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones（时设备新设备消耗更源）知旧设备环境友推断新设备环境友选A项
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众周知阅读者天阅读力高低直接影响着学生运英语力解答阅读理解题直广师生正探索难题
词块界定
什词块？根语料库研究语言学家发现生活中约70口语常起出现词汇表达构成常起出现词汇表达称词组合词块
词块定语法规生成语言单位时需意识注意语法结构缩短理解产出语言信息时间词块教学法创始词块分四类：聚合词搭配词惯话语句子框架引语
1聚合词：单词组成固定短语搭配例as a result
2搭配词：起出现频率高词语语言长期中逐步形成种现关系例knife and fork to and fro back and forth
3惯话语：形式固定半固定具语功词汇组合完整句子固定句子结构例：If I had done I would have done
4句子框架引语：常书面语中作篇章组织手段形式功基固定半固定短语例：Firstly Secondly And finally
二词块阅读理解解题中应
1 词块旨义题
框架类词块通扫读全文确定旨义文中位置然词块总结纳
例：（2019 年全国I卷阅读理解D 篇）
附文章部分容：
第四段：In one study Dr Prinstein examined We found that It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment high status has just the opposite effect on us
第五段：Dr Prinstein has also found that the qualities — sharing kindness openness — make you better able to relate and connect with others
第六段：In analyzing his and other research Dr Prinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes but it is also responsible for those outcomes too
35 What is the best title for the text？
A Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last
B The Higher the Status the Better
C Be the BestYou Can Make It
D More SelfControl Less Aggressiveness
解析：全文六段通扫读全文关注框架类词块容易出全文旨出现三段第四六段
（1）One （study） other （research） 词块表明两处列关系
（2）also表明第五段第四段列关系：We found that also found that another表明第六段第五段列关系：found that came to another conclusion
分析知第四六段列关系三段出结基趋：友善未益A选项容（Be Nice You Wont Finish Last） 刚吻合选择A项
例二：（2016年全国I卷阅读理解D 篇）
第段：The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs
第二段：Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people In these cultures silence is a call for reflection
第三段：Other cultures may use silence in other ways For example However Mexicans may use silence when In still another use persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect
第四段：Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing
35 What may be the best title for the text？
A Sound and Silence
B What It Means to Be Silent
C Silence to Native Americans
D Speech Is Silver Silence Is Gold
解析：全文分四段通扫读全文关注词块容易出全文旨首段第句
（1）第段首句段中心句通接词块some other 知
（2）扫读第二三段首尾句通词块many other these other 等知第二三段列关系第段容分述第段构成总分关系
（3）尾段首句词块the possible meanings of silence第段首句词块The meaning of silence词块复现形成首尾呼应确认旨句全文首句
2 词块具体信息题
仔细观察题干 标出关键词块然文中定位该词块语境中寻找答案
例：（2016年全国I卷阅读理解B 篇）
第三段：in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our ownsays Christine Crosby
27 What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？
A They were unsure of raise more children
B They were eager to raise more children
C They wanted to live away from their parents
D They bad little respect for their grandparent
解析：观察27题题干 标出关键词块in the 1960s文中找源段落：第三段表达 couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own（证明够独立离家越快越越远越）知答案C选项
例二：（2019年全国I卷阅读理解C 篇）
第段： the market is growing for biometric（生物测量） technologies to keep others out of private espaces At present these technologies are still expensive though
第二段：Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard
28 Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard？
A To reduce pressure on keys
B To improve accuracy in typing
C To replace the password system
D To cut the cost of espace protection
解析：观察28题题干 标出关键词块smart keyboard文中直接定位：第二段首句语境中表达 they have come up with a lowcost device（装置）that gets around this problem…推知答案D选项：To cut the cost of espace protection（降低电子空间保护成）
3 词块推理判断题
带着题干中关键词块文章中寻找意义似表达找理解相关语境然语境中词块发散理解推断出该题答案
例：（2017年全国I卷阅读理解C 篇）
第段：Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day UNESCO（ United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music its significance and its potential as a unifying（联合）voice across cultures
28Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day？
A To remember the birth of jazz
B To protect cultural diversity
C To encourage people to study music
D To recognize the value of jazz
解析：找出题干中关键词块April 30International Jazz Day然文章中定位第段首句第二句出现类似词块：the first annual International Jazz Day set April 30 as a day然理解語境中词块to raise awareness of jazz music its significance and its potential as a unifying （联合） voice across cultures（提高爵士乐意义认识爵士乐作跨文化联合声音潜力认识） 该词块定式结构作目状语意义D 选项 To recognize the value of jazz（认识爵士乐价值）意义相
例二：（2018年全国I卷阅读理解D篇）
第二段：To figure out how much power these devices are using Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life
33 Why did Bobbitt’s team conduct the research？
A To reduce the cost of minerals
B To test the life cycle of a product
C To update consumers on new technology
D To find out electricity consumption of the devices
解析：找出题干中关键词块Bobbitt’s team然文章中定位寻找意义似表达第二段首句出现类似词块：Callie Babbitt and her colleagues接着理解语境中词块To figure out how much power these devices are using该词块定式结构句首作目状语figure outfind out义词块how much power these devices are using（设备少量）electricity consumption of the devices（设备耗电量）义词块推断出答案D项
4 词块意图观点态度题
带着题干关键词块文章中定位然理解语境中相关词块推断出答案
例：（2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解C 篇）
末段：The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves The US Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well
31 What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？
A Doubtful B Positive C Disapproving D Uncaring
解析：题干中the Yellowstone wolf project文中定位段句找The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment 中词块a valuable experiment知作者持肯定态度选B项
例二：（2017年全国I卷阅读理解A 篇）
○Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion（热情）for discovery and lifelong learning in science math and technology Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 13 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals corporations and other social organizations Visit pacificsciencecenterorg to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center
23What is the purpose of the last part of the text？
A To encourage donations
B To advertise coming events
C To introduce special exhibits
D To tell about the Centers history
解析：段落标题词块Support Pacific Science Center（支持太洋科学中心）段两句中词块we cannot achieve without generous support（没慷慨支持法取成功）find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center（找支持太洋科学中心种方法）知段写作目To encourage donations（鼓励捐赠）选A项
例三：（2018年全国I卷阅读理解D 篇）
首段：We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（装置）well after they go out of style That’s bad news for the environment and our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things
32 What does the author think of new devices？
A They are environmentfriendly
B They are no better than the old
C They cost more to use at home
D They go out of style quickly
解析：根文章首段词块keep using our old devices well（继续旧设备） That’s bad news for the environment（环境说坏消息）as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones（时设备新设备消耗更源）知旧设备环境友推断新设备环境友选A项
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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