教育部村名学生计划
绿设计期末综合复题参考答案
名词解释
1园林绿面积：指城市中类公园街头绿居住区绿单位附属绿道路绿生产绿防护绿风景林等绿面积总
2均绿面积：指市民均分享绿面积均拥绿面积（单位：m2）
3绿率：指城市定区域范围园林绿面积占该区域总面积百分
4绿化覆盖面积：城市定范围乔木灌木年生草植物垂直投影面积乔木树冠灌木草重复计算
5绿化覆盖率：城市定区域范围绿化覆盖面积占该区域总面积百分
6 公绿面积指城市建成区类公绿面积
7均公绿面积：指市民均分享公绿面积均拥公绿面积（单位：m2）
8公园服务半径：指公园市民服务距离公园入口游住距离
9城市绿线：指规划城市公园绿外围边界线
10道路红线：规划城市道路路幅边界线
11建筑红线：城市道路两侧控制街建筑物构筑物（外墙台阶等）街面界限称建筑控制线
12城市广场：满足种城市社会生活需建成建筑道路山水形植物等围合种软硬质景观构成采步行交通手段具定题思想规划结合型城市户外公活动空间
13城市游园 游憩绿休息交流锻炼夏日纳凉进行型文化娱乐活动场
14花园带：指城市道路河流旁边布置定宽度绿花园带宽度宜15～100m花园带位道路红线建筑红线间计入城市公绿
15城市绿化：城市中栽种植物改善城市生态环境居民提供游憩场美化景观活动
16行道树：定方式种植道路两侧造成浓荫乔木称行道树行道树道路绿基组成部分
17花园道路：指城市干道侧两侧布置较宽园林绿
18道路花园带：指道路行具定宽度带状绿称带状街头休息绿
19安全视距 保证行车安全进入道路交叉口时必须路转角空出定距离司机段距离面开车辆充分刹车停车时间致发生撞车种发觉方汽车立刹车刚够停车距离称安全视距
20 热岛效应：城市中心区面温度高周边区郊区现象称热岛效应
21 花园道路：指城市干道侧两侧布置较宽园林绿
22 防护绿：出卫生隔离安全求定防护功绿
23道路绿：道路红线间绿化包括行道绿化带防护绿带分车绿带街头休息绿绿化停车场交通岛绿立体交叉路口绿化等种形式
二城市园林绿指标计算方法
1城市园林绿总面积（hm2）＝公绿＋居住绿＋附属绿＋交通绿＋风景区绿＋生产防护绿
2城市绿化覆盖率（％）＝
3市区绿率＝
三填空题
1城市景观五素 道路 边界 区域 节点 标志物
2城市园林绿分公园绿生产绿防护绿 附属绿绿
3国城市绿布局形式块状绿带状绿布局楔形绿布局混合形绿布局布局
4综合性公园具绿般作外政治文化方面游乐休憩方面科普教育方面丰富城市居民文化娱乐生活更突出
5综合性公园城市中服务范围分全市性公园区级公园两种
6 综合性公园根公园活动容进行分区布置般分文化娱乐区 观赏游览区 安静休息区 童活动区 老活动区 体育活动区 园务理区 服务设施
7市级综合性公园服务半径约2～3km区级综合性公园服务半径约1～15 km城市游园服务半径约135～270 m
8．公园景色分区形式景区环境感受效果划开朗景区 雄伟景区 清静景区 幽深景区等
9．综合性公园出入口位置应设城市道路公交通方便方受外界境交通干扰
10游园城市中作弥补公园足广市民提供高质量游憩环境发挥园林生态效益改善城市环境装点街景美化城市节省投资方便市民
11城市广场功性质城市广场绿分集会广场交通广场商业广场文化娱乐休闲广场纪念广场 五类型
12花园道路根周围环境分 道路花园带滨河花园 两种形式
13道路花园带三种形式分设 街道中间道路花园带设街道侧道路花园带设街道两侧道路花园带
14居住区绿类型公绿宅旁绿公建设施绿道路绿 等
15居住区绿定额指标指指居住 区居民占园林绿面积反映居住区绿数量少质量坏城市居民生活福利水评价城市环境质量标准城市居民精神文明标志
16目前国衡量居住区绿指标 居住区均公绿面积指标居住区绿率居住区绿化覆盖率
17居住区游园中路宽3 m左右 次路宽15～2m
18居住区游园面布置分 规式 式 混合式 三种
19学校园绿般分 教学科研区绿教职工住宅区绿校园道路绿 学生生活区绿 四种类型
20工厂绿规划设计包括 然条件社会条件工厂特点 三方面
21 工厂绿规划设计指标通常 绿率 衡量总体说城市工业绿化率应 30％ 左右
22道路绿指指道路红线 间绿化包括 行道绿化带 防护绿带 分车绿带 街头休息绿 绿化停车场 交通岛绿 立体交叉路口绿 等种形式
23 城市道路绿断面布置形式 板两带式 二板三带式 三板四带式 四板五带式 等
24三角视距布置植物时高度超 065～07m者 布置植物
25国城市规划关标准规定：①园林景观道路绿率 40％ ②红线宽度50m道路绿率 30％ ③红线宽度40～50m道路绿率 25％ ④红线宽度40m道路绿率 20％
26防护绿根位置功分 城市防风林带 工业卫生防护绿 道路防护绿 铁路防护绿 生态防护绿 等类型
27防风林结构般 透风林 半透风林 透风林 三种
28行道树种植方式_树带式 树池式_两种
29__ 园林绿指标_城市园林绿化水基标志反映着时期济水城市环境质量文化生活水
30 1992年城市绿化条例中规定城市建城区绿包括_公绿 居住区绿 单位附属绿 防护绿 生产绿 风景林_六类
31 城市居民游憩空间少包括三层次：居住区邻里交空间 城市公空间 城市郊区游憩
32 城市园林绿化功包括： 保护城市环境功 文教游憩功
33城市园林绿布局基求达述条件 布局合理 指标先进 质量良改善环境
34休闲娱乐广场具特点 参性 生态性 丰富性灵活性
35 高速公路绿设计 安全实美观 宗旨 绿化美化彩化 目标
36 工厂企业组成部分包括 场前区 生产区 露天堆料仓库区绿化美化段四方面
37城市园林绿布局基求 布局合理布局合理质量良改善环境
38城市园林绿系统规划工作阶段般分 现场调查规划方案纲规划成果等3阶段
四单项选择题
1列利城市通风利城市艺术面貌体现绿布局形式（C 楔形绿布局 ）
2列政治文化集会庆典游行检阅礼仪传统民间节日活动广场（A 集会游行广场）
3 综合性公园中起辅助性作附局部区居民服务出入口（ B 次出入口 ）
4 居住区游园中次路宽（ B 15～2km ）
5安全视距般采（ B 30～35m ）
6市级综合性公园服务半径约（ B 2～3km ）
7列种绿布局形式做城市绿点线面结合组成较完整体系（ D 混合式绿布局）
8列种防风林带乔木落叶乔木灌木相结合组成防风效果气流越林带会产生涡流会快恢复原风速（ C 透风林 ）
9区级综合性公园服务半径约（ A 1～15 km ）
10列类广场缅怀历史事件历史物城市中修建种纪念性活动场（B 纪念广场）
11居住区游园中路宽（ A 3m ）
12综合性公园公园理工作需设置出入口（ C 专出入口 ）
13 行道树种植设计时株距（ C 4m ）
14 城市游园服务半径约（ A135～270m ）
15 列属衡量居住区绿指标（ D 居住区树木占量 ）
五问答题
1简述城市园林绿系统布局原
（1）城市园林绿系统规划应结合部分规划综合考虑全面安排
（2）城市园林绿系统规划必须制宜实际出发
（3）城市园林绿应均衡分布例合理满足全市居民休息游览需
（4）城市园林绿系统规划远景目标期安排做远结合
2简述综合性公园种植规划原
（1）全面规划重点突出远期期相结合
（2）突出公园植物特色注重植物品种搭配
（3）公园植物规划注意植物基调景区配调规划
（4）植物规划充分满足功求
（5）四季景观专类园设计植物造景突出部分
（6）注意植物生态条件创造适宜植物生长环境
3园林绿系统规划包括层次？
（1）城市园林绿系统规划
（2）城市园林绿系统分区规划
（3）城市园林绿系统控制性详细分区规划
（4）城市园林绿系统详细分区规划
（5）城市园林绿设计
4试述城市游园规划设计点
（1）特点鲜明布局简洁明快游园面布局宜复杂应简洁肯定图形
（2）制宜力求变化段面积较形变换周围规式建筑游园部道路系统规式段面积稍形起伏采然式布置
（3）中见充分发挥绿作①布局紧凑②空间层次丰富③建筑品取胜
（4）植物配置①周围环境结合②体现方风格③植物选择时严格选择调树种④注意时相季相景象变化统⑤乔灌草结合
（5）组织交通吸引游道路设计时通绿穿行流绿分割开采脚穿方式穿行者绿侧通保证绿游活动完整性
（6）兼顾硬质景观软质景观采工材料塑成硬质景观利绿应水体造型软质景观兼顾互补原恰处理
（7）动静分区空间处理注意动观静观群游独处兼顾游找需空间类型
5综合性公园规划设计程中进行景区规划？
公园中干景点相互联系组成景区公园规划意图组成定范围种景色段现成种风景环境艺术境界划分成景区称景色分区
（1）景色分区形式景区环境感受效果划分开朗景区雄伟景区清静景区幽深景区等
（2）复合式空间组织划分园中园水中水岛中岛等相独立空间类型
（3）相季组织景区根春花夏荫秋叶冬干植物四季特色分春景区夏景区秋景区冬景区
（4）造园材料形体构成景区沼泽园花卉园树木园假山园水景园岩石园山水园等
6简述城市绿系统规划中树种选择原
（1）基切合森林植区域然规律
（2）乡土种树
（3）选择抗性强树种
（4）速生树种慢长树种相结合
7城市防护绿类型？
（1）城市防风林带
（2）工业卫生防护绿
（3）道路防护绿
（4）铁路防护绿
（5）生态防护绿
8行道树树种选择求？
（1）适应生长环境移植时容易成活生长迅速健壮树种
（2）求树龄长材质优良树种
（3）树干挺拔树形端正体形优美树冠冠幅枝叶茂密遮荫效果树种
（4）求深根性刺毒臭味落果少飞毛树种
（5）求早发芽展叶晚落叶落叶期整齐树种
（6）求理粗放土壤水分肥料求高耐修剪病虫害少抗性强树种
9试述道路花园带规划设计点
（1）游步路设置花园带宽达8m时设条游步街8m时设两条路宜游路宽15m左右
（2）车行道花园带间浓密绿篱高乔木组成绿色屏障相隔般立面布置成外高低形式
（3）花园带中设置型童游戏场休息坐椅花坛喷泉阅报栏花架等建筑品
（4）花园带75～100m处分段设置出入口段布置突出特色重建筑入口处设出入口两端出入口处游步路加宽设广场
（5）植物配置丰富彩层次丰富利绿篱植物宿根花卉草植物形成色块绿景观广场道路宜超总面积25％道路花园带植物
（6）花园带利周围形现状形成景观特色
10试述城市防风林带规划设计
（1）城市防风林般带组成分林带副林带
（2）林带带宽度少10米副林带宽度少5米
（3）副林带林带垂直布置便阻挡侧面吹风
（4）防风林设防护风方风垂直果受形素限制30度偏角45度
（5）防风林树种选择般选深根性侧根发达乡土树种时选择展叶早树种
（6）防风林带结合形环境实际情况建立成市郊公园果园农田防护林结合达块绿满足功功综合功
11工厂企业绿规划设计指标什？
：然条件社会条件工厂特点
然条件：然条件土壤条件植情况形质等
社会条件：指工厂城市规划关系方居民关系工厂员工关系企业关系等
工厂特点：指技术济指标三废污染情况生产特点建筑空间特点绿现状等
指标：绿率绿化覆盖率
12 城市道路绿化作？
（1）卫生防护作
（2）组织交通作
（3）美化市容
（4）防灾减灾战备防御作
13 目前采城市园林绿指标？
（1）城市园林绿总面积
（2）公绿占量
（3）市区公绿占量
（4）城市绿化覆盖率
（5）苗圃拥量
（6）树木占量
（7）市区绿率
14 试述滨河花园带规划设计点
（1）滨河花园带绿化般水面设置游步街量接水面行喜欢水边行走
（2）风景点观时应设计广场突出水面台供游欣赏摄影
（3）根滨河势高低设计1～2层台台阶踏步相连游更接水面满足亲水性
（4）滨河水面较开阔划船游泳时考虑布置游乐园公园
（5）滨河花园带规划形式制宜
湖岸线变化丰富势然起伏结合功进行然式布置势坦岸线齐整规式
15 试述居住区绿化植物配置树种选择（13分）
（1）考虑绿化功需树木花草提高绿化覆盖率起良生态环境效益
（2）考虑四季景观早日普遍绿化效果采常绿落叶乔木灌木速生树慢生树重点般相结合树型色彩变化树种配置
（3）树木花草种植形式种样
（4）植物材料种类易太避免单调力求植物材料形成特色统中变化
（5）树种选择生长健壮理粗放病虫害少方特色优良树种
（6）攀援植物绿化建筑墙面种围栏矮墙提高居住区立体绿化效果攀缘援植物遮丑
（7）幼园童游戏场忌毒带刺带尖容易引起敏植物
（8）注意建筑物网适距离
16 简述工厂企业绿化意义特点？
意义：利环境保护——功价值 利创造精神财富——精神价值利创造物质财富——济价值
特点：环境较差利植物生长紧凑绿化面积少绿化保证工厂生产安全工厂绿服务象厂职工
17 城市道路绿类断面布置形式？分述类断面组成？
形式：板两带式两板三带式三板四带式四板五带式
板两带式：条车行道两条绿带板二带式
中间车行道车行道两侧行道种植行道树
两板三带式：单行驶两条车行道两条行道树中间条绿带分隔开
三板四带式：两条分隔带车行道分成3块中间机动车道两侧非机动车道车道两侧两条行道树
四板五带式：利3条分隔带车道分成4条加车道两侧行道树四板五带式
18植物方面保护城市环境作P5～P20
19城市绿功（保护城市环境功文教游憩功景观功等方面展开阐述）
20城市景观五素什？利绿化美化城市景观？P24～P27
21园林绿系统规划容？P29～P30
22进行城市绿布局？种城市绿布局形式理想？P66
23城市绿系统规划中树种规划方法P71～P73
24综合性公园出入口规划设计P79
25综合性公园城市中位P74
26公园规划设计程序容P88
27城市游园城市中作P110
28城市广场作P115
29城市广场规划设计点P115～P118
30居住区绿化作P128
31居住区绿规划布局原P132
32童游戏场设计点P144
童游戏场设计符合童心理兴趣爱游戏玩耍特点童定吸引力活动场布置容形式造型色彩等符合童奇心求知欲富幻想心理面设计周围建筑空间相协调创造空间富艺术效果形状规规植物绿化乔木灌木绿篱草皮花卉等带刺毒树木
设置道路场沙坑涉水池游戏墙年龄特点设置游戏器件千秋滑梯等等
33学校园类绿规划设计点P147
34中学校园绿规划设计点P150
35托幼机构绿规划设计点P152
36工厂企业园林绿化基原 P159
37工厂企业类绿规划设计点P163
38工厂绿化中植物作树种选择原P172P173
39医疗机构绿规划设计点P178
40分车带交叉口高速公路绿规划设计点P186P188P191
41城市卫生防护林带宽度布置求？P194
42 试述城市园林绿指标作？
（1）反映城市绿质量绿化效果评价城市环境质量居民生活福利水重指标
（2）作城市总体规划阶度调整评价规划方案济性合理性数
（3）指导城市类绿规模制定工作推算城市公园苗圃合理规模等估算城建投资计划
（4）统全国计算口径城市规划学科定量分析数理统计电子计算技术应等更先进更严密方法提供数国家关技术标准规范制定修改提供基础数
请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄After earning his spurs in the kitchens of The Westin The Sheraton Sens on the Bund and a sprinkling of other topnotch venues Simpson Lu fi nally got the chance to become his own boss in November 2010 Sort of The Shanghaiborn chef might not actually own California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) but he is in sole charge of both kitchen and frontof house at this Sinan Mansions＇stalwart It’s certainly a responsibility to be the head chef and then to have to manage the rest of the restaurant as well the 31yearold tells Enjoy Shanghai In hotels for example these jobs are strictly demarcated so it’s a great opportunity to learn how a business operates across the board It was a task that management back in sunny California evidently felt he was ready for and a vote of confi dence from a company that to date has opened 250 outlets in 11 countries And for added pressure the Shanghai branch was also CPK’s China debut For sure it was a big step and unlike all their other Asia operations that are franchises they decided to manage it directly to begin with says Simpson Two years ago a private franchisee took over the lease but the links to CPK headquarters are still strong with a mainlandbased ＇brand ambassador’ on hand to ensure the business adheres to its ethos of creating innovative hearthbaked pizzas a slice of PR blurb that Simpson insists lives up to the hype They are very innovative he says The problem with most fast food places is that they use the same sauce on every pizza and just change the toppings Every one of our 16 pizza sauces is a unique recipe that has been formulated to complement the toppings perfectly The largely local customer base evidently agrees and on Saturday and Sunday at least the place is teeming The kidseatforfree policy at weekends is undoubtedly a big draw as well as is the spacious secondfl oor layout overlooked by a canopy of green from Fuxing Park over the road The company is also focusing on increasing brand recognition and in recent years has taken part in outside events such as the regular California Week Still the sta are honest enough to admit that business could be better as good in fact as in CPK’s second outlet in the popular Kerry Parkside shopping mall in Pudong Sinan Mansions has really struggled to get the number of visitors that were envisaged when it first opened and it hasn’t been easy for any of the tenants here adds Simpson We’re planning a third outlet in the city in 2015 and we will probably choose a shopping mall again because of the better foot traffic The tearooms once frequented by Coco Chanel and Marcel Proust are upping sticks and coming to Shanghai Xu Junqian visits the Parisian outpost with sweet treats One thing the centuryold Parisian tearoom Angelina has shown is that legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel not only had style and glamor but also boasted great taste in food pastries in particular One of the most popular tearooms in Paris Angelina is famous for having once been frequented by celebrities such as Chanel and writer Marcel Proust Now Angelina has packed up its French ambience efficient service and beautiful comforting desserts and flown them to Shanghai At the flagship dinein and takeout space in Shanghai everything mimics the original tearoom designed from the beginning of the 20th century in Paris the height of Belle Epoque The paintings on the wall for example are exactly the same as the one that depicts the landscape of southern France the hometown of the owner and the small tables are intentional imitations of the ones that Coco Chanel once sat at every afternoon for hot chocolate The famous hot chocolate known as L’Africain is a luxurious mixture of four types of cocoa beans imported from Africa blended in Paris and then shipped to Shanghai It’s sinfully sweet rich and thick as if putting a bar of melting chocolate directly on the tongue and the fresh whipped cream on the side makes a light but equally gratifying contrast It is also sold in glass bottles as takeaway The signature MontBlanc chestnut cake consists of three parts the pureed chestnut on top the vanilla cream like stuffing and the meringue as base Get all three layers in one scoop not only for the different textures but also various flavors of sweetness The dessert has maintained its popularity for a century even in a country like France perhaps the world’s most competitive place for desserts A much overlooked pairing is the ParisNew York choux pastry and N226 chocolate flavored tea The choux pastry is a mouthful of airy pecanflavored whipped cream while the tea a blend of black teas from China and Ceylon cocoa and rose petals offers a more subtle fragrance of flowers and chocolate Ordering these two items featuring a muted sweetness makes it easier for you to fit into your little black dress Breakfast brunch lunch and light supper are also served at the tearoom a hub of many cultures and takes in a mix of different styles of French cuisines according to the management team The semicooked foie gras terrine is seductive and deceptive It’s generously served at the size and shape of a toast while the actual brioche toast is baked into a curved slice dipped with fig chutney The flavor however is honest strong smooth and sublime And you don’t actually need the toast for crunchiness This is the season for high teas with dainty cups of fine china and little pastries that appeal to both visual and physical appetites But there is one high tea with a difference and Pauline D Loh finds out just exactly why it is special Earl Grey tea and macarons are all very well for the crucial recuperative break inbetween intensive bouts of holiday season shopping And for those who prefer savory to sweet there is still the selection of classic Chinese snacks called dim sum to satisfy and satiate High tea is a meal to eat with eye and mouth an inbetween indulgence that should be light enough not to spoil dinner but sufficiently robust to take the edge off the hunger that strikes hours after lunch The afternoon tea special at ShangXi at the Four Seasons Hotel Pudong has just the right elements It is a pampering meal with touches of luxury that make the high tea session a treat in itself Whole baby abalones are braised and then topped on a shortcrust pastry shell a sort of Chinese version of the Western volauvent but classier Even classier is the dim sum staple shrimp dumpling or hargow upgraded with the addition of slivers of midnight dark truffles This is a master touch and chef Simon Choi who presides unchallenged at ShangXi has scored a winner again Sweet prawns and aromatic truffles — what’s not to love His masterful craftsmanship is exhibited in yet another pastry — a sweet pastry that is shaped to look like a walnut but which you can put straight into the mouth It crumbles immediately and the slightly sweet nutty morsel is so easy to eat you’ll probably reach straight for another My favorite is the dessert that goes by the name yangzhi ganlu or ambrosia from the gods The hotel calls it chilled mango cream with sago pomelo and bird’s nest – made with ingredients that resonate with every female soul It does taste like ambrosia with the sweetsour fragrance of the mango forming the first layer of taste and sensation and the pomelo sacs and sago pearls providing the tactile contrast The bird’s nest — it’s the ingredient that gilds the lily since it is supposed to nourish and nurture a perfect complexion For those unfamiliar with this exotic ingredient the bird’s nest is not a bundle of twigs but is instead the dried secretion that cave swifts use to build their nest Technically it’s bird saliva but the Chinese believe that it has collagenboosting properties essential to beauty To me it just tastes good adding a slight gelatinous crunch to the back of the teeth There is also a baked mushroom puff pastry that includes the highly prized Matsutake or pine mushroom You also get a choice of teas but I strongly recommend the aged Pu’er from Yunnan province It is a mellow tea that will go perfectly with the rich little nuggets and will warm you up on a cold afternoon Incidentally the general guide is green tea such as Longjing or Dragonwell for the hot season semifermented teas like Wulong or Iron Buddha for autumn and more warming teas like Pu’er for winter The ShangXi afternoon tea costs 228 yuan (37) per person and 388 yuan for the more opule
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绿设计期末综合复题参考答案
名词解释
1园林绿面积：指城市中类公园街头绿居住区绿单位附属绿道路绿生产绿防护绿风景林等绿面积总
2均绿面积：指市民均分享绿面积均拥绿面积（单位：m2）
3绿率：指城市定区域范围园林绿面积占该区域总面积百分
4绿化覆盖面积：城市定范围乔木灌木年生草植物垂直投影面积乔木树冠灌木草重复计算
5绿化覆盖率：城市定区域范围绿化覆盖面积占该区域总面积百分
6 公绿面积指城市建成区类公绿面积
7均公绿面积：指市民均分享公绿面积均拥公绿面积（单位：m2）
8公园服务半径：指公园市民服务距离公园入口游住距离
9城市绿线：指规划城市公园绿外围边界线
10道路红线：规划城市道路路幅边界线
11建筑红线：城市道路两侧控制街建筑物构筑物（外墙台阶等）街面界限称建筑控制线
12城市广场：满足种城市社会生活需建成建筑道路山水形植物等围合种软硬质景观构成采步行交通手段具定题思想规划结合型城市户外公活动空间
13城市游园 游憩绿休息交流锻炼夏日纳凉进行型文化娱乐活动场
14花园带：指城市道路河流旁边布置定宽度绿花园带宽度宜15～100m花园带位道路红线建筑红线间计入城市公绿
15城市绿化：城市中栽种植物改善城市生态环境居民提供游憩场美化景观活动
16行道树：定方式种植道路两侧造成浓荫乔木称行道树行道树道路绿基组成部分
17花园道路：指城市干道侧两侧布置较宽园林绿
18道路花园带：指道路行具定宽度带状绿称带状街头休息绿
19安全视距 保证行车安全进入道路交叉口时必须路转角空出定距离司机段距离面开车辆充分刹车停车时间致发生撞车种发觉方汽车立刹车刚够停车距离称安全视距
20 热岛效应：城市中心区面温度高周边区郊区现象称热岛效应
21 花园道路：指城市干道侧两侧布置较宽园林绿
22 防护绿：出卫生隔离安全求定防护功绿
23道路绿：道路红线间绿化包括行道绿化带防护绿带分车绿带街头休息绿绿化停车场交通岛绿立体交叉路口绿化等种形式
二城市园林绿指标计算方法
1城市园林绿总面积（hm2）＝公绿＋居住绿＋附属绿＋交通绿＋风景区绿＋生产防护绿
2城市绿化覆盖率（％）＝
3市区绿率＝
三填空题
1城市景观五素 道路 边界 区域 节点 标志物
2城市园林绿分公园绿生产绿防护绿 附属绿绿
3国城市绿布局形式块状绿带状绿布局楔形绿布局混合形绿布局布局
4综合性公园具绿般作外政治文化方面游乐休憩方面科普教育方面丰富城市居民文化娱乐生活更突出
5综合性公园城市中服务范围分全市性公园区级公园两种
6 综合性公园根公园活动容进行分区布置般分文化娱乐区 观赏游览区 安静休息区 童活动区 老活动区 体育活动区 园务理区 服务设施
7市级综合性公园服务半径约2～3km区级综合性公园服务半径约1～15 km城市游园服务半径约135～270 m
8．公园景色分区形式景区环境感受效果划开朗景区 雄伟景区 清静景区 幽深景区等
9．综合性公园出入口位置应设城市道路公交通方便方受外界境交通干扰
10游园城市中作弥补公园足广市民提供高质量游憩环境发挥园林生态效益改善城市环境装点街景美化城市节省投资方便市民
11城市广场功性质城市广场绿分集会广场交通广场商业广场文化娱乐休闲广场纪念广场 五类型
12花园道路根周围环境分 道路花园带滨河花园 两种形式
13道路花园带三种形式分设 街道中间道路花园带设街道侧道路花园带设街道两侧道路花园带
14居住区绿类型公绿宅旁绿公建设施绿道路绿 等
15居住区绿定额指标指指居住 区居民占园林绿面积反映居住区绿数量少质量坏城市居民生活福利水评价城市环境质量标准城市居民精神文明标志
16目前国衡量居住区绿指标 居住区均公绿面积指标居住区绿率居住区绿化覆盖率
17居住区游园中路宽3 m左右 次路宽15～2m
18居住区游园面布置分 规式 式 混合式 三种
19学校园绿般分 教学科研区绿教职工住宅区绿校园道路绿 学生生活区绿 四种类型
20工厂绿规划设计包括 然条件社会条件工厂特点 三方面
21 工厂绿规划设计指标通常 绿率 衡量总体说城市工业绿化率应 30％ 左右
22道路绿指指道路红线 间绿化包括 行道绿化带 防护绿带 分车绿带 街头休息绿 绿化停车场 交通岛绿 立体交叉路口绿 等种形式
23 城市道路绿断面布置形式 板两带式 二板三带式 三板四带式 四板五带式 等
24三角视距布置植物时高度超 065～07m者 布置植物
25国城市规划关标准规定：①园林景观道路绿率 40％ ②红线宽度50m道路绿率 30％ ③红线宽度40～50m道路绿率 25％ ④红线宽度40m道路绿率 20％
26防护绿根位置功分 城市防风林带 工业卫生防护绿 道路防护绿 铁路防护绿 生态防护绿 等类型
27防风林结构般 透风林 半透风林 透风林 三种
28行道树种植方式_树带式 树池式_两种
29__ 园林绿指标_城市园林绿化水基标志反映着时期济水城市环境质量文化生活水
30 1992年城市绿化条例中规定城市建城区绿包括_公绿 居住区绿 单位附属绿 防护绿 生产绿 风景林_六类
31 城市居民游憩空间少包括三层次：居住区邻里交空间 城市公空间 城市郊区游憩
32 城市园林绿化功包括： 保护城市环境功 文教游憩功
33城市园林绿布局基求达述条件 布局合理 指标先进 质量良改善环境
34休闲娱乐广场具特点 参性 生态性 丰富性灵活性
35 高速公路绿设计 安全实美观 宗旨 绿化美化彩化 目标
36 工厂企业组成部分包括 场前区 生产区 露天堆料仓库区绿化美化段四方面
37城市园林绿布局基求 布局合理布局合理质量良改善环境
38城市园林绿系统规划工作阶段般分 现场调查规划方案纲规划成果等3阶段
四单项选择题
1列利城市通风利城市艺术面貌体现绿布局形式（C 楔形绿布局 ）
2列政治文化集会庆典游行检阅礼仪传统民间节日活动广场（A 集会游行广场）
3 综合性公园中起辅助性作附局部区居民服务出入口（ B 次出入口 ）
4 居住区游园中次路宽（ B 15～2km ）
5安全视距般采（ B 30～35m ）
6市级综合性公园服务半径约（ B 2～3km ）
7列种绿布局形式做城市绿点线面结合组成较完整体系（ D 混合式绿布局）
8列种防风林带乔木落叶乔木灌木相结合组成防风效果气流越林带会产生涡流会快恢复原风速（ C 透风林 ）
9区级综合性公园服务半径约（ A 1～15 km ）
10列类广场缅怀历史事件历史物城市中修建种纪念性活动场（B 纪念广场）
11居住区游园中路宽（ A 3m ）
12综合性公园公园理工作需设置出入口（ C 专出入口 ）
13 行道树种植设计时株距（ C 4m ）
14 城市游园服务半径约（ A135～270m ）
15 列属衡量居住区绿指标（ D 居住区树木占量 ）
五问答题
1简述城市园林绿系统布局原
（1）城市园林绿系统规划应结合部分规划综合考虑全面安排
（2）城市园林绿系统规划必须制宜实际出发
（3）城市园林绿应均衡分布例合理满足全市居民休息游览需
（4）城市园林绿系统规划远景目标期安排做远结合
2简述综合性公园种植规划原
（1）全面规划重点突出远期期相结合
（2）突出公园植物特色注重植物品种搭配
（3）公园植物规划注意植物基调景区配调规划
（4）植物规划充分满足功求
（5）四季景观专类园设计植物造景突出部分
（6）注意植物生态条件创造适宜植物生长环境
3园林绿系统规划包括层次？
（1）城市园林绿系统规划
（2）城市园林绿系统分区规划
（3）城市园林绿系统控制性详细分区规划
（4）城市园林绿系统详细分区规划
（5）城市园林绿设计
4试述城市游园规划设计点
（1）特点鲜明布局简洁明快游园面布局宜复杂应简洁肯定图形
（2）制宜力求变化段面积较形变换周围规式建筑游园部道路系统规式段面积稍形起伏采然式布置
（3）中见充分发挥绿作①布局紧凑②空间层次丰富③建筑品取胜
（4）植物配置①周围环境结合②体现方风格③植物选择时严格选择调树种④注意时相季相景象变化统⑤乔灌草结合
（5）组织交通吸引游道路设计时通绿穿行流绿分割开采脚穿方式穿行者绿侧通保证绿游活动完整性
（6）兼顾硬质景观软质景观采工材料塑成硬质景观利绿应水体造型软质景观兼顾互补原恰处理
（7）动静分区空间处理注意动观静观群游独处兼顾游找需空间类型
5综合性公园规划设计程中进行景区规划？
公园中干景点相互联系组成景区公园规划意图组成定范围种景色段现成种风景环境艺术境界划分成景区称景色分区
（1）景色分区形式景区环境感受效果划分开朗景区雄伟景区清静景区幽深景区等
（2）复合式空间组织划分园中园水中水岛中岛等相独立空间类型
（3）相季组织景区根春花夏荫秋叶冬干植物四季特色分春景区夏景区秋景区冬景区
（4）造园材料形体构成景区沼泽园花卉园树木园假山园水景园岩石园山水园等
6简述城市绿系统规划中树种选择原
（1）基切合森林植区域然规律
（2）乡土种树
（3）选择抗性强树种
（4）速生树种慢长树种相结合
7城市防护绿类型？
（1）城市防风林带
（2）工业卫生防护绿
（3）道路防护绿
（4）铁路防护绿
（5）生态防护绿
8行道树树种选择求？
（1）适应生长环境移植时容易成活生长迅速健壮树种
（2）求树龄长材质优良树种
（3）树干挺拔树形端正体形优美树冠冠幅枝叶茂密遮荫效果树种
（4）求深根性刺毒臭味落果少飞毛树种
（5）求早发芽展叶晚落叶落叶期整齐树种
（6）求理粗放土壤水分肥料求高耐修剪病虫害少抗性强树种
9试述道路花园带规划设计点
（1）游步路设置花园带宽达8m时设条游步街8m时设两条路宜游路宽15m左右
（2）车行道花园带间浓密绿篱高乔木组成绿色屏障相隔般立面布置成外高低形式
（3）花园带中设置型童游戏场休息坐椅花坛喷泉阅报栏花架等建筑品
（4）花园带75～100m处分段设置出入口段布置突出特色重建筑入口处设出入口两端出入口处游步路加宽设广场
（5）植物配置丰富彩层次丰富利绿篱植物宿根花卉草植物形成色块绿景观广场道路宜超总面积25％道路花园带植物
（6）花园带利周围形现状形成景观特色
10试述城市防风林带规划设计
（1）城市防风林般带组成分林带副林带
（2）林带带宽度少10米副林带宽度少5米
（3）副林带林带垂直布置便阻挡侧面吹风
（4）防风林设防护风方风垂直果受形素限制30度偏角45度
（5）防风林树种选择般选深根性侧根发达乡土树种时选择展叶早树种
（6）防风林带结合形环境实际情况建立成市郊公园果园农田防护林结合达块绿满足功功综合功
11工厂企业绿规划设计指标什？
：然条件社会条件工厂特点
然条件：然条件土壤条件植情况形质等
社会条件：指工厂城市规划关系方居民关系工厂员工关系企业关系等
工厂特点：指技术济指标三废污染情况生产特点建筑空间特点绿现状等
指标：绿率绿化覆盖率
12 城市道路绿化作？
（1）卫生防护作
（2）组织交通作
（3）美化市容
（4）防灾减灾战备防御作
13 目前采城市园林绿指标？
（1）城市园林绿总面积
（2）公绿占量
（3）市区公绿占量
（4）城市绿化覆盖率
（5）苗圃拥量
（6）树木占量
（7）市区绿率
14 试述滨河花园带规划设计点
（1）滨河花园带绿化般水面设置游步街量接水面行喜欢水边行走
（2）风景点观时应设计广场突出水面台供游欣赏摄影
（3）根滨河势高低设计1～2层台台阶踏步相连游更接水面满足亲水性
（4）滨河水面较开阔划船游泳时考虑布置游乐园公园
（5）滨河花园带规划形式制宜
湖岸线变化丰富势然起伏结合功进行然式布置势坦岸线齐整规式
15 试述居住区绿化植物配置树种选择（13分）
（1）考虑绿化功需树木花草提高绿化覆盖率起良生态环境效益
（2）考虑四季景观早日普遍绿化效果采常绿落叶乔木灌木速生树慢生树重点般相结合树型色彩变化树种配置
（3）树木花草种植形式种样
（4）植物材料种类易太避免单调力求植物材料形成特色统中变化
（5）树种选择生长健壮理粗放病虫害少方特色优良树种
（6）攀援植物绿化建筑墙面种围栏矮墙提高居住区立体绿化效果攀缘援植物遮丑
（7）幼园童游戏场忌毒带刺带尖容易引起敏植物
（8）注意建筑物网适距离
16 简述工厂企业绿化意义特点？
意义：利环境保护——功价值 利创造精神财富——精神价值利创造物质财富——济价值
特点：环境较差利植物生长紧凑绿化面积少绿化保证工厂生产安全工厂绿服务象厂职工
17 城市道路绿类断面布置形式？分述类断面组成？
形式：板两带式两板三带式三板四带式四板五带式
板两带式：条车行道两条绿带板二带式
中间车行道车行道两侧行道种植行道树
两板三带式：单行驶两条车行道两条行道树中间条绿带分隔开
三板四带式：两条分隔带车行道分成3块中间机动车道两侧非机动车道车道两侧两条行道树
四板五带式：利3条分隔带车道分成4条加车道两侧行道树四板五带式
18植物方面保护城市环境作P5～P20
19城市绿功（保护城市环境功文教游憩功景观功等方面展开阐述）
20城市景观五素什？利绿化美化城市景观？P24～P27
21园林绿系统规划容？P29～P30
22进行城市绿布局？种城市绿布局形式理想？P66
23城市绿系统规划中树种规划方法P71～P73
24综合性公园出入口规划设计P79
25综合性公园城市中位P74
26公园规划设计程序容P88
27城市游园城市中作P110
28城市广场作P115
29城市广场规划设计点P115～P118
30居住区绿化作P128
31居住区绿规划布局原P132
32童游戏场设计点P144
童游戏场设计符合童心理兴趣爱游戏玩耍特点童定吸引力活动场布置容形式造型色彩等符合童奇心求知欲富幻想心理面设计周围建筑空间相协调创造空间富艺术效果形状规规植物绿化乔木灌木绿篱草皮花卉等带刺毒树木
设置道路场沙坑涉水池游戏墙年龄特点设置游戏器件千秋滑梯等等
33学校园类绿规划设计点P147
34中学校园绿规划设计点P150
35托幼机构绿规划设计点P152
36工厂企业园林绿化基原 P159
37工厂企业类绿规划设计点P163
38工厂绿化中植物作树种选择原P172P173
39医疗机构绿规划设计点P178
40分车带交叉口高速公路绿规划设计点P186P188P191
41城市卫生防护林带宽度布置求？P194
42 试述城市园林绿指标作？
（1）反映城市绿质量绿化效果评价城市环境质量居民生活福利水重指标
（2）作城市总体规划阶度调整评价规划方案济性合理性数
（3）指导城市类绿规模制定工作推算城市公园苗圃合理规模等估算城建投资计划
（4）统全国计算口径城市规划学科定量分析数理统计电子计算技术应等更先进更严密方法提供数国家关技术标准规范制定修改提供基础数
请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄After earning his spurs in the kitchens of The Westin The Sheraton Sens on the Bund and a sprinkling of other topnotch venues Simpson Lu fi nally got the chance to become his own boss in November 2010 Sort of The Shanghaiborn chef might not actually own California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) but he is in sole charge of both kitchen and frontof house at this Sinan Mansions＇stalwart It’s certainly a responsibility to be the head chef and then to have to manage the rest of the restaurant as well the 31yearold tells Enjoy Shanghai In hotels for example these jobs are strictly demarcated so it’s a great opportunity to learn how a business operates across the board It was a task that management back in sunny California evidently felt he was ready for and a vote of confi dence from a company that to date has opened 250 outlets in 11 countries And for added pressure the Shanghai branch was also CPK’s China debut For sure it was a big step and unlike all their other Asia operations that are franchises they decided to manage it directly to begin with says Simpson Two years ago a private franchisee took over the lease but the links to CPK headquarters are still strong with a mainlandbased ＇brand ambassador’ on hand to ensure the business adheres to its ethos of creating innovative hearthbaked pizzas a slice of PR blurb that Simpson insists lives up to the hype They are very innovative he says The problem with most fast food places is that they use the same sauce on every pizza and just change the toppings Every one of our 16 pizza sauces is a unique recipe that has been formulated to complement the toppings perfectly The largely local customer base evidently agrees and on Saturday and Sunday at least the place is teeming The kidseatforfree policy at weekends is undoubtedly a big draw as well as is the spacious secondfl oor layout overlooked by a canopy of green from Fuxing Park over the road The company is also focusing on increasing brand recognition and in recent years has taken part in outside events such as the regular California Week Still the sta are honest enough to admit that business could be better as good in fact as in CPK’s second outlet in the popular Kerry Parkside shopping mall in Pudong Sinan Mansions has really struggled to get the number of visitors that were envisaged when it first opened and it hasn’t been easy for any of the tenants here adds Simpson We’re planning a third outlet in the city in 2015 and we will probably choose a shopping mall again because of the better foot traffic The tearooms once frequented by Coco Chanel and Marcel Proust are upping sticks and coming to Shanghai Xu Junqian visits the Parisian outpost with sweet treats One thing the centuryold Parisian tearoom Angelina has shown is that legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel not only had style and glamor but also boasted great taste in food pastries in particular One of the most popular tearooms in Paris Angelina is famous for having once been frequented by celebrities such as Chanel and writer Marcel Proust Now Angelina has packed up its French ambience efficient service and beautiful comforting desserts and flown them to Shanghai At the flagship dinein and takeout space in Shanghai everything mimics the original tearoom designed from the beginning of the 20th century in Paris the height of Belle Epoque The paintings on the wall for example are exactly the same as the one that depicts the landscape of southern France the hometown of the owner and the small tables are intentional imitations of the ones that Coco Chanel once sat at every afternoon for hot chocolate The famous hot chocolate known as L’Africain is a luxurious mixture of four types of cocoa beans imported from Africa blended in Paris and then shipped to Shanghai It’s sinfully sweet rich and thick as if putting a bar of melting chocolate directly on the tongue and the fresh whipped cream on the side makes a light but equally gratifying contrast It is also sold in glass bottles as takeaway The signature MontBlanc chestnut cake consists of three parts the pureed chestnut on top the vanilla cream like stuffing and the meringue as base Get all three layers in one scoop not only for the different textures but also various flavors of sweetness The dessert has maintained its popularity for a century even in a country like France perhaps the world’s most competitive place for desserts A much overlooked pairing is the ParisNew York choux pastry and N226 chocolate flavored tea The choux pastry is a mouthful of airy pecanflavored whipped cream while the tea a blend of black teas from China and Ceylon cocoa and rose petals offers a more subtle fragrance of flowers and chocolate Ordering these two items featuring a muted sweetness makes it easier for you to fit into your little black dress Breakfast brunch lunch and light supper are also served at the tearoom a hub of many cultures and takes in a mix of different styles of French cuisines according to the management team The semicooked foie gras terrine is seductive and deceptive It’s generously served at the size and shape of a toast while the actual brioche toast is baked into a curved slice dipped with fig chutney The flavor however is honest strong smooth and sublime And you don’t actually need the toast for crunchiness This is the season for high teas with dainty cups of fine china and little pastries that appeal to both visual and physical appetites But there is one high tea with a difference and Pauline D Loh finds out just exactly why it is special Earl Grey tea and macarons are all very well for the crucial recuperative break inbetween intensive bouts of holiday season shopping And for those who prefer savory to sweet there is still the selection of classic Chinese snacks called dim sum to satisfy and satiate High tea is a meal to eat with eye and mouth an inbetween indulgence that should be light enough not to spoil dinner but sufficiently robust to take the edge off the hunger that strikes hours after lunch The afternoon tea special at ShangXi at the Four Seasons Hotel Pudong has just the right elements It is a pampering meal with touches of luxury that make the high tea session a treat in itself Whole baby abalones are braised and then topped on a shortcrust pastry shell a sort of Chinese version of the Western volauvent but classier Even classier is the dim sum staple shrimp dumpling or hargow upgraded with the addition of slivers of midnight dark truffles This is a master touch and chef Simon Choi who presides unchallenged at ShangXi has scored a winner again Sweet prawns and aromatic truffles — what’s not to love His masterful craftsmanship is exhibited in yet another pastry — a sweet pastry that is shaped to look like a walnut but which you can put straight into the mouth It crumbles immediately and the slightly sweet nutty morsel is so easy to eat you’ll probably reach straight for another My favorite is the dessert that goes by the name yangzhi ganlu or ambrosia from the gods The hotel calls it chilled mango cream with sago pomelo and bird’s nest – made with ingredients that resonate with every female soul It does taste like ambrosia with the sweetsour fragrance of the mango forming the first layer of taste and sensation and the pomelo sacs and sago pearls providing the tactile contrast The bird’s nest — it’s the ingredient that gilds the lily since it is supposed to nourish and nurture a perfect complexion For those unfamiliar with this exotic ingredient the bird’s nest is not a bundle of twigs but is instead the dried secretion that cave swifts use to build their nest Technically it’s bird saliva but the Chinese believe that it has collagenboosting properties essential to beauty To me it just tastes good adding a slight gelatinous crunch to the back of the teeth There is also a baked mushroom puff pastry that includes the highly prized Matsutake or pine mushroom You also get a choice of teas but I strongly recommend the aged Pu’er from Yunnan province It is a mellow tea that will go perfectly with the rich little nuggets and will warm you up on a cold afternoon Incidentally the general guide is green tea such as Longjing or Dragonwell for the hot season semifermented teas like Wulong or Iron Buddha for autumn and more warming teas like Pu’er for winter The ShangXi afternoon tea costs 228 yuan (37) per person and 388 yuan for the more opule
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