2022高三英语阅读专题训练说明文
（A）
The thirdgeneration hybrid rice which was developed by Yuan Longping the father of hybrid rice and his team ran its first public yield monitoring from Monday to Tuesday and achieved high output The final yield of the tested variety G31SP19 came to10463 kg per mu（about 667 square meters） based on two pieces of land in Qingzhu Village under the city of Hengyang in central China＇s Hunan Province
Some previous highyielding hybrid rice varieties in China took 160 to even 180 days from sowing to harvesting while the figure was shortened to around 125 days for the new variety This is one of the most important features of the thirdgeneration hybrid rice that can reduce the use of pesticides（X虫剂）and fertilizers thus reducing cost and improving production efficiency said Qian Qian the deputy director of the China National Rice Research Institute
Unlike the previous two generations that required a large amount of water and fertilizers as well as demanding growing conditions and technological support the thirdgeneration hybrid rice is easier to be cultivated（种植）by ordinary farmers So the soil altitude and climate of the test site were not ideal conditions carefully selected beforehand but were close to the paddies（稻田）of ordinary farmers
Nowadays China＇s average yield of rice is about 500 kg per mu Ordinary farmers can produce 600 kg to 700 kg of rice per mu by growing some excellent secondgeneration hybrid rice varieties However under the same planting conditions and environment the yield of the thirdgeneration hybrid rice could reach 800 kg per mu China now feeds around 20 percent of the world＇s population with less than 9 percent of the world＇s arable（耕种）land
At present Yuan＇s team has nine thirdgeneration hybrid rice combinations under trial which are expected to achieve commercial seed production in the following three to four years and hope to apply the technology into the research of sea rice The thirdgeneration hybrid rice has the comprehensive strength to promote a greener and more sustainable development of China＇s rice production with higher quality and yield
1．What feature of the new hybrid rice does Qian Qian mainly talk about
A．It saves a lot more water B．It has a shorter growing period
C．It saves much more farmland D．It achieves a higher yield
2．Why is the new hybrid rice not tested in ideal areas
A．The ordinary farmers master planting technology
B．The researchers want to reduce the experiment cost
C．The growing conditions the new hybrid rice needs are simple
D．The previous rice farming provides researchers with experience
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The high output of the thirdgeneration hybrid rice
B．The future of the new hybrid rice variety
C．The advanced technology of the research on hybrid rice
D．The differences between the three hybrid rice varieties
4．Where is this text most likely from
A．A news report B． A guide book
C．An advertisement D．A fashion magazine
（B）
The snow in Antarctica is turning green and scientists say climate change may be to blame According to a study at the Cambridge University microscopic algae blooms (藻类爆发) across the surface of the snow is slowly turning Antarctica’s winter white landscape green Although microscopic scientists say they’re able to see the green snow from space when the algae blooms all together
Researchers created a largescale map of green snow algae along the Antarctic coast using a combination of satellite data and ontheground observations over the course of two summers The study found that the green snow algae bloomed in warmer areas where the average temperatures are just above 0℃ during the southern hemisphere’s (半球) summer months from November to February
As Antarctica warms we predict the overall mass of snow algae will increase said Dr Andrew Gray lead author of the paper and a researcher Researchers say larger blooms of algae can be found north of the Antarctic and South Shetland Islands where it can spread to higher ground as the snow melts
The team also discovered some sea birds and mammals influenced the distribution of algae Over 60 of algae blooms were found within three miles of a penguin settlement Scientists hypothesize this may be due to their droppings which act as a highly nutritious fertilizer
This is a significant advance in our understanding of landbased life on Antarctica and how it might change in the coming years as the climate warms said Dr Matt Davey in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Plant Sciences who led the study
1What is turning the Antarctic snow green
A The melting of snow B The blooming algae
C The beautiful landscape D The balanced temperature
2Where is microscopic algae most likely to bloom in Antarctica
A North of the Antarctic B West of the South Pole
C South of the Antarctic D Around the southern hemisphere
3 What does the underlined word hypothesize in Paragraph 4 probably mean
AConfirm B Support C Assume D Warn
4 What can we learn from the text
A Penguins feed on microscopic algae
B Antarctic algae grow under the snow
C Ground observation lasted for four months
D Animal droppings contribute to the algae blooms
（C）
It is generally supped that the English Romantic Movement began in 1798 However it is not a sudden outbreak but the result of long and gradual growth and development The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848 Politically was inspired by the revolutions in America and France Emotionally it expressed an extreme claim of the self and the value of the individual experience together with the sense of the limitless and the transcendental(超验) In Britain Romantic writers of the first generation included Wordsworth and Coleridge Blake and Burns The second generation of British Romantics—Byron Shelley and Keats absorbed these influences wrote quickly travelled widely and their life stories and letters became almost as important for Romanticism as their poetry
Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic It is in fact a collective term to mean certain characteristics such as mysticism humanism super naturalism love of beauty love of nature love of equality The chief characteristics of romantic poetry are as the following：
Subjectivity： All romantic literature is subjective It is an expression of the inner urges of the soul of the artist The poet gives free expression to his feelings emotions experiences thoughts and ideas and does not care for rules and regulations The emphasis is laid on inspi ration and intuition(直觉)
Love of Nature Enthusiasm for the beauties of the external world characterizes all roman tic poetry Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world All poets were lovers of nature and looked at the beautiful aspects of nature To them nature was a friend a lover a mother sister and a teacher
Imagination and Emotion：The romantic poets laid emphasis on imagination and emotion The Wordsworth＇s romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of crea tive imagination childhood memories beauty of nature the role of nature as a guiding spirit
1 What can we know about the English Romantic Movement
A It emphasized the value of policies
B It originated at the end of 18th century
C It was affected by the Russian revolution
D It was caused by sudden growth and development
2 What does Romanticism show
A It hides the inner desires of poets
B It focuses on inspiration and reality
C It is controlled by rules and regulations
D It is a term involving some certain features
3 What does romantic poetry play a role in
A Making us always be enthusiastic
B Showing us another way to read novels
C Keeping us enjoying the company of nature
D Asking us to respect city atmosphere
4 How does the author explain the feature of Imagination and Emotion
A By giving an example B By using a quotation
C By asking a question D By making a comparison
（D）
The scientists who reengineered the plasticeating enzyme(酶) PETase have now created a
new enzyme called cocktail which can digest plastic up to six times faster
PETase breaks down PET back into its building blocks creating an opportunity to recycle plastic and reduce plastic pollution PET is the most common thermoplastic(热塑性塑料) used to
make singleuse drinks bottles which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment but PETase can shorten this time to days The initial discovery set up the prospect of a revolution in plastic recycling creating a potential lowenergy solution to tackle plastic waste
Now the same transAtlantic team have combined PETase and its partner a second enzyme called MHETase to generate much bigger improvements simply mixing PETase with MHETase doubled the speed of PET breakdown and engineering a connection between the two enzymes to create a superenzyme increased this activity by a further three times
The team was coled by the scientists who engineered PETase Professor John McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham Professor McGeehan said Gregg and I were chatting about how PETase attacks the surface of the plastics and MHETase chops things up further so it seemed natural to see if we could use them together Our first experiments showed that they did work better together so we decided to physically link them It took a great deal of work but it was worth the effort — we were delighted to see that our new enzyme is up to three times faster than the separate enzymes
The original PETase enzyme discovery indicated the first hope that a solution to the global plastic pollution problem might be within grasp though PETase alone is not yet fast enough to handle the tons of PET bottles Combining it with a second enzyme and finding together they work even faster means another leap forward has been taken towards finding a solution to plastic waste PETase and the new combined MHETasePETase both work by digesting PET plastic This allows
for plastics to be made and reused endlessly reducing our reliance on fossil(化石) resources
1 What can we learn about cocktail from the text
A It doubles the breakdown of plastics
B It takes hundreds of years to break down
C It contributes to breaking down plastic quickly
D It deals with the plastic waste three times faster
2 What is the second paragraph mainly about
A A new study of PET B The breakdown of PET
C The discovery of PETase D The functions of PETase
3 What does the underlined word It in Paragraph 4 refer to
A Coleading the transAtlantic team B Combining PETase and MHETase
C Attacking the surface of the plastics D Talking about conducting experiments
4 What can we infer from the text
A PET pollution is no longer a difficult problem to deal with
B New enzyme is speeding up our reliance on fossil resources
C MHETasePETase makes the world free from plastic pollution
D Plasticeating enzyme cocktail promises new hope for plastic waste
（E）
In a new blog post for the International Monetary Fund four researchers presented their findings from a working paper that examines the current relationship between finance and tech as well as its potential future
Gazing into their crystal ball the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing search and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions
At its heart the paper is trying to wrestle with the dawning notion that the institutional banking system is facing a serious threat from tech companies like Google Facebook and Apple The researchers identify two key areas in which this is true Tech companies have greater access to softinformation and messaging platforms can take the place of the physical locations that banks rely on for meeting with customers
The concept of using your web history to inform credit ratings is framed around the notion that lenders rely on harddata that might hide the worthiness of a borrower or paint an unnecessarily bad picture during hard times Citing softdata points like the type of browser and hardware used to access the internet the history of online searches and purchases that could be included in evaluating a borrower the researchers believe that when a lender has a closer relationship with the potential client＇s history they might be more willing to cut them some slack
Banks tend to cushion credit terms for their longterm customers during downturns the paper＇s authors write This is because they have a history and relationship with the customer
The researchers acknowledge that there will be privacy and policy concerns related to including this kind of softdata in credit analysis Getting the softdata points would probably require companies like Facebook and Apple to loosen up their standards on linking unencrypted information with individual accounts How they might share information with other institutions would be its own can of worms
1 What is the approach put forward by the researchers
A Replacing banks with soft information
B Lending money by predicting the future
C Determining credit ratings by web history
D Facing the threat posed by hightech companies
2 Why do they advocate the new way of rating the borrower’s credit
A Traditional finance refuse to lend money
B The new approach helps reduce burden on banks
C The type of hardware misleads the lender’s judgement
D Soft information better reflects the truth than hard data
3 Which is the closest in meaning with the underlined phrase in Paragraph 4
A Be less strict B Share interests
C Forgive others’ fault D Cut a piece of bread
4 What do the researchers worry about
A Banks will break up with customers
B High tech companies will be in a mess
C Sharing information may cause problems of privacy
D Competition between tech companies will be more fierce
（F）
At your next meeting wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts
Among English speakers chances are that it will be a second or two at most But while this pattern may be universal our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures
What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds people start to feel uneasy In contrast a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 82 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings
In Japan it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all It’s already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you’re repairing that failure by using words
In the US it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民) America as a crossroads of many different races When you have a complex of difference it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life This applies also to some extent to London
In contrast when there’s more homogeneity perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear For example among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with
1 Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation
A The Dutch B Americans
C The English D The Japanese
2 What might the Japanese agree with in a conversation
A Speaking more gives the upper hand
B Speak out what you have in your mind
C Great minds think alike without words
D The shorter talking silence the better
3 What can we learn from the text
A A four second silence in conversation is universal
B It’s hard for Americans to reach a common agreement
C English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers
D The closer we and our family are the easier the silence appears
4 What does the underlined word homogeneity in the last paragraph mean
A Similarity B Contradiction
C Diversity D Misunderstanding
参考答案
A BCAA
B BACD
C BDCA
D CDBD
E 1根第二段the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing search and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions(研究员利浏览搜索购买历史数创建更准确机制确定企业信评级性认种做法导致款发放更贷款传统金融机构拒绝款发放贷款)知研究员提出方法通网络历史决定信评级选C
2根第三段中The researchers identify two key areas in which this is true Tech companies have greater access to softinformation and messaging platforms can take the place of the physical locations that banks rely on for meeting with customers(研究员发现两关键领域观点正确：科技公司拥更获取软信息渠道时通讯台取代银行客户会面赖实体点)第四段中The concept of using your web history to inform credit ratings is framed around the notion that lenders rely on harddata that might hide the worthiness of a borrower or paint an unnecessarily bad picture during hard times (利网络历史记录提供信评级概念围绕着样概念：贷方赖隐藏款价值困难时期描绘出必糟糕图景硬数)知提倡新方法评定款信软数硬数更反映事实选D
3根倒数第二段Banks tend to cushion credit terms for their longterm customers during downturns the paper＇s authors write This is because they have a history and relationship with the customer(文作者写道济低迷时期银行倾长期客户缓信贷条款客户历史关系)画线词文Citing softdata points like the type of browser and hardware used to access the internet the history of online searches and purchases that could be included in evaluating a borrower the researchers believe that when a lender has a closer relationship with the potential client＇s history they might be more willing to(引软数点浏览器硬件类型访问互联网线搜索购买历史包括评估款研究员认银行更紧密潜客户关系历史更愿意严格)知研究员引软数点数包括评估贷款时研究员认款潜客户历史关系更密切时更愿意严格更加放松画线部分意思严格选A
4根段The researchers acknowledge that there will be privacy and policy concerns related to including this kind of softdata in credit analysis Getting the softdata points would probably require companies like Facebook and Apple to loosen up their standards on linking unencrypted information with individual accounts How they might share information with other institutions would be its own can of worms(研究员承认信分析中类软数会涉隐私政策问题获软数点需Facebook苹果等公司放宽未加密信息账户链接标准机构享信息问题)推知研究员担心享信息导致隐私问题选C
F 1根第二段首句Among English speakers chances are that it will be a second or two at most(说英语说两秒钟)第三段两句Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds people start to feel uneasy In contrast a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 82 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings(荷兰语英语研究发现话中沉默持续4秒时会开始感安相反项针商务会议研究发现日82秒沉默感满意美国会议时间两倍)知日谈话中长沉默选D
2根第四段首句In Japan it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all(日认交流方式什说)推知日话中会意心灵犀点通选C
3根文章句For example among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with(例亲密朋友家面前保持沉默太熟悉起更容易)推知亲密间更容易出现沉默家越亲密沉默越容易出现选D
4根划线词文举例For example among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with(例亲密朋友家面前保持沉默太熟悉起更容易)推知越亲密越容易出现沉默推断划线句意相言更相似时许沉默更容易出现知划线词意思similarlity意义相选A
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（A）
The thirdgeneration hybrid rice which was developed by Yuan Longping the father of hybrid rice and his team ran its first public yield monitoring from Monday to Tuesday and achieved high output The final yield of the tested variety G31SP19 came to10463 kg per mu（about 667 square meters） based on two pieces of land in Qingzhu Village under the city of Hengyang in central China＇s Hunan Province
Some previous highyielding hybrid rice varieties in China took 160 to even 180 days from sowing to harvesting while the figure was shortened to around 125 days for the new variety This is one of the most important features of the thirdgeneration hybrid rice that can reduce the use of pesticides（X虫剂）and fertilizers thus reducing cost and improving production efficiency said Qian Qian the deputy director of the China National Rice Research Institute
Unlike the previous two generations that required a large amount of water and fertilizers as well as demanding growing conditions and technological support the thirdgeneration hybrid rice is easier to be cultivated（种植）by ordinary farmers So the soil altitude and climate of the test site were not ideal conditions carefully selected beforehand but were close to the paddies（稻田）of ordinary farmers
Nowadays China＇s average yield of rice is about 500 kg per mu Ordinary farmers can produce 600 kg to 700 kg of rice per mu by growing some excellent secondgeneration hybrid rice varieties However under the same planting conditions and environment the yield of the thirdgeneration hybrid rice could reach 800 kg per mu China now feeds around 20 percent of the world＇s population with less than 9 percent of the world＇s arable（耕种）land
At present Yuan＇s team has nine thirdgeneration hybrid rice combinations under trial which are expected to achieve commercial seed production in the following three to four years and hope to apply the technology into the research of sea rice The thirdgeneration hybrid rice has the comprehensive strength to promote a greener and more sustainable development of China＇s rice production with higher quality and yield
1．What feature of the new hybrid rice does Qian Qian mainly talk about
A．It saves a lot more water B．It has a shorter growing period
C．It saves much more farmland D．It achieves a higher yield
2．Why is the new hybrid rice not tested in ideal areas
A．The ordinary farmers master planting technology
B．The researchers want to reduce the experiment cost
C．The growing conditions the new hybrid rice needs are simple
D．The previous rice farming provides researchers with experience
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The high output of the thirdgeneration hybrid rice
B．The future of the new hybrid rice variety
C．The advanced technology of the research on hybrid rice
D．The differences between the three hybrid rice varieties
4．Where is this text most likely from
A．A news report B． A guide book
C．An advertisement D．A fashion magazine
（B）
The snow in Antarctica is turning green and scientists say climate change may be to blame According to a study at the Cambridge University microscopic algae blooms (藻类爆发) across the surface of the snow is slowly turning Antarctica’s winter white landscape green Although microscopic scientists say they’re able to see the green snow from space when the algae blooms all together
Researchers created a largescale map of green snow algae along the Antarctic coast using a combination of satellite data and ontheground observations over the course of two summers The study found that the green snow algae bloomed in warmer areas where the average temperatures are just above 0℃ during the southern hemisphere’s (半球) summer months from November to February
As Antarctica warms we predict the overall mass of snow algae will increase said Dr Andrew Gray lead author of the paper and a researcher Researchers say larger blooms of algae can be found north of the Antarctic and South Shetland Islands where it can spread to higher ground as the snow melts
The team also discovered some sea birds and mammals influenced the distribution of algae Over 60 of algae blooms were found within three miles of a penguin settlement Scientists hypothesize this may be due to their droppings which act as a highly nutritious fertilizer
This is a significant advance in our understanding of landbased life on Antarctica and how it might change in the coming years as the climate warms said Dr Matt Davey in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Plant Sciences who led the study
1What is turning the Antarctic snow green
A The melting of snow B The blooming algae
C The beautiful landscape D The balanced temperature
2Where is microscopic algae most likely to bloom in Antarctica
A North of the Antarctic B West of the South Pole
C South of the Antarctic D Around the southern hemisphere
3 What does the underlined word hypothesize in Paragraph 4 probably mean
AConfirm B Support C Assume D Warn
4 What can we learn from the text
A Penguins feed on microscopic algae
B Antarctic algae grow under the snow
C Ground observation lasted for four months
D Animal droppings contribute to the algae blooms
（C）
It is generally supped that the English Romantic Movement began in 1798 However it is not a sudden outbreak but the result of long and gradual growth and development The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848 Politically was inspired by the revolutions in America and France Emotionally it expressed an extreme claim of the self and the value of the individual experience together with the sense of the limitless and the transcendental(超验) In Britain Romantic writers of the first generation included Wordsworth and Coleridge Blake and Burns The second generation of British Romantics—Byron Shelley and Keats absorbed these influences wrote quickly travelled widely and their life stories and letters became almost as important for Romanticism as their poetry
Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic It is in fact a collective term to mean certain characteristics such as mysticism humanism super naturalism love of beauty love of nature love of equality The chief characteristics of romantic poetry are as the following：
Subjectivity： All romantic literature is subjective It is an expression of the inner urges of the soul of the artist The poet gives free expression to his feelings emotions experiences thoughts and ideas and does not care for rules and regulations The emphasis is laid on inspi ration and intuition(直觉)
Love of Nature Enthusiasm for the beauties of the external world characterizes all roman tic poetry Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world All poets were lovers of nature and looked at the beautiful aspects of nature To them nature was a friend a lover a mother sister and a teacher
Imagination and Emotion：The romantic poets laid emphasis on imagination and emotion The Wordsworth＇s romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of crea tive imagination childhood memories beauty of nature the role of nature as a guiding spirit
1 What can we know about the English Romantic Movement
A It emphasized the value of policies
B It originated at the end of 18th century
C It was affected by the Russian revolution
D It was caused by sudden growth and development
2 What does Romanticism show
A It hides the inner desires of poets
B It focuses on inspiration and reality
C It is controlled by rules and regulations
D It is a term involving some certain features
3 What does romantic poetry play a role in
A Making us always be enthusiastic
B Showing us another way to read novels
C Keeping us enjoying the company of nature
D Asking us to respect city atmosphere
4 How does the author explain the feature of Imagination and Emotion
A By giving an example B By using a quotation
C By asking a question D By making a comparison
（D）
The scientists who reengineered the plasticeating enzyme(酶) PETase have now created a
new enzyme called cocktail which can digest plastic up to six times faster
PETase breaks down PET back into its building blocks creating an opportunity to recycle plastic and reduce plastic pollution PET is the most common thermoplastic(热塑性塑料) used to
make singleuse drinks bottles which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment but PETase can shorten this time to days The initial discovery set up the prospect of a revolution in plastic recycling creating a potential lowenergy solution to tackle plastic waste
Now the same transAtlantic team have combined PETase and its partner a second enzyme called MHETase to generate much bigger improvements simply mixing PETase with MHETase doubled the speed of PET breakdown and engineering a connection between the two enzymes to create a superenzyme increased this activity by a further three times
The team was coled by the scientists who engineered PETase Professor John McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham Professor McGeehan said Gregg and I were chatting about how PETase attacks the surface of the plastics and MHETase chops things up further so it seemed natural to see if we could use them together Our first experiments showed that they did work better together so we decided to physically link them It took a great deal of work but it was worth the effort — we were delighted to see that our new enzyme is up to three times faster than the separate enzymes
The original PETase enzyme discovery indicated the first hope that a solution to the global plastic pollution problem might be within grasp though PETase alone is not yet fast enough to handle the tons of PET bottles Combining it with a second enzyme and finding together they work even faster means another leap forward has been taken towards finding a solution to plastic waste PETase and the new combined MHETasePETase both work by digesting PET plastic This allows
for plastics to be made and reused endlessly reducing our reliance on fossil(化石) resources
1 What can we learn about cocktail from the text
A It doubles the breakdown of plastics
B It takes hundreds of years to break down
C It contributes to breaking down plastic quickly
D It deals with the plastic waste three times faster
2 What is the second paragraph mainly about
A A new study of PET B The breakdown of PET
C The discovery of PETase D The functions of PETase
3 What does the underlined word It in Paragraph 4 refer to
A Coleading the transAtlantic team B Combining PETase and MHETase
C Attacking the surface of the plastics D Talking about conducting experiments
4 What can we infer from the text
A PET pollution is no longer a difficult problem to deal with
B New enzyme is speeding up our reliance on fossil resources
C MHETasePETase makes the world free from plastic pollution
D Plasticeating enzyme cocktail promises new hope for plastic waste
（E）
In a new blog post for the International Monetary Fund four researchers presented their findings from a working paper that examines the current relationship between finance and tech as well as its potential future
Gazing into their crystal ball the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing search and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions
At its heart the paper is trying to wrestle with the dawning notion that the institutional banking system is facing a serious threat from tech companies like Google Facebook and Apple The researchers identify two key areas in which this is true Tech companies have greater access to softinformation and messaging platforms can take the place of the physical locations that banks rely on for meeting with customers
The concept of using your web history to inform credit ratings is framed around the notion that lenders rely on harddata that might hide the worthiness of a borrower or paint an unnecessarily bad picture during hard times Citing softdata points like the type of browser and hardware used to access the internet the history of online searches and purchases that could be included in evaluating a borrower the researchers believe that when a lender has a closer relationship with the potential client＇s history they might be more willing to cut them some slack
Banks tend to cushion credit terms for their longterm customers during downturns the paper＇s authors write This is because they have a history and relationship with the customer
The researchers acknowledge that there will be privacy and policy concerns related to including this kind of softdata in credit analysis Getting the softdata points would probably require companies like Facebook and Apple to loosen up their standards on linking unencrypted information with individual accounts How they might share information with other institutions would be its own can of worms
1 What is the approach put forward by the researchers
A Replacing banks with soft information
B Lending money by predicting the future
C Determining credit ratings by web history
D Facing the threat posed by hightech companies
2 Why do they advocate the new way of rating the borrower’s credit
A Traditional finance refuse to lend money
B The new approach helps reduce burden on banks
C The type of hardware misleads the lender’s judgement
D Soft information better reflects the truth than hard data
3 Which is the closest in meaning with the underlined phrase in Paragraph 4
A Be less strict B Share interests
C Forgive others’ fault D Cut a piece of bread
4 What do the researchers worry about
A Banks will break up with customers
B High tech companies will be in a mess
C Sharing information may cause problems of privacy
D Competition between tech companies will be more fierce
（F）
At your next meeting wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts
Among English speakers chances are that it will be a second or two at most But while this pattern may be universal our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures
What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds people start to feel uneasy In contrast a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 82 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings
In Japan it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all It’s already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you’re repairing that failure by using words
In the US it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民) America as a crossroads of many different races When you have a complex of difference it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life This applies also to some extent to London
In contrast when there’s more homogeneity perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear For example among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with
1 Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation
A The Dutch B Americans
C The English D The Japanese
2 What might the Japanese agree with in a conversation
A Speaking more gives the upper hand
B Speak out what you have in your mind
C Great minds think alike without words
D The shorter talking silence the better
3 What can we learn from the text
A A four second silence in conversation is universal
B It’s hard for Americans to reach a common agreement
C English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers
D The closer we and our family are the easier the silence appears
4 What does the underlined word homogeneity in the last paragraph mean
A Similarity B Contradiction
C Diversity D Misunderstanding
参考答案
A BCAA
B BACD
C BDCA
D CDBD
E 1根第二段the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing search and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions(研究员利浏览搜索购买历史数创建更准确机制确定企业信评级性认种做法导致款发放更贷款传统金融机构拒绝款发放贷款)知研究员提出方法通网络历史决定信评级选C
2根第三段中The researchers identify two key areas in which this is true Tech companies have greater access to softinformation and messaging platforms can take the place of the physical locations that banks rely on for meeting with customers(研究员发现两关键领域观点正确：科技公司拥更获取软信息渠道时通讯台取代银行客户会面赖实体点)第四段中The concept of using your web history to inform credit ratings is framed around the notion that lenders rely on harddata that might hide the worthiness of a borrower or paint an unnecessarily bad picture during hard times (利网络历史记录提供信评级概念围绕着样概念：贷方赖隐藏款价值困难时期描绘出必糟糕图景硬数)知提倡新方法评定款信软数硬数更反映事实选D
3根倒数第二段Banks tend to cushion credit terms for their longterm customers during downturns the paper＇s authors write This is because they have a history and relationship with the customer(文作者写道济低迷时期银行倾长期客户缓信贷条款客户历史关系)画线词文Citing softdata points like the type of browser and hardware used to access the internet the history of online searches and purchases that could be included in evaluating a borrower the researchers believe that when a lender has a closer relationship with the potential client＇s history they might be more willing to(引软数点浏览器硬件类型访问互联网线搜索购买历史包括评估款研究员认银行更紧密潜客户关系历史更愿意严格)知研究员引软数点数包括评估贷款时研究员认款潜客户历史关系更密切时更愿意严格更加放松画线部分意思严格选A
4根段The researchers acknowledge that there will be privacy and policy concerns related to including this kind of softdata in credit analysis Getting the softdata points would probably require companies like Facebook and Apple to loosen up their standards on linking unencrypted information with individual accounts How they might share information with other institutions would be its own can of worms(研究员承认信分析中类软数会涉隐私政策问题获软数点需Facebook苹果等公司放宽未加密信息账户链接标准机构享信息问题)推知研究员担心享信息导致隐私问题选C
F 1根第二段首句Among English speakers chances are that it will be a second or two at most(说英语说两秒钟)第三段两句Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds people start to feel uneasy In contrast a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 82 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings(荷兰语英语研究发现话中沉默持续4秒时会开始感安相反项针商务会议研究发现日82秒沉默感满意美国会议时间两倍)知日谈话中长沉默选D
2根第四段首句In Japan it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all(日认交流方式什说)推知日话中会意心灵犀点通选C
3根文章句For example among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with(例亲密朋友家面前保持沉默太熟悉起更容易)推知亲密间更容易出现沉默家越亲密沉默越容易出现选D
4根划线词文举例For example among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with(例亲密朋友家面前保持沉默太熟悉起更容易)推知越亲密越容易出现沉默推断划线句意相言更相似时许沉默更容易出现知划线词意思similarlity意义相选A
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